As human beings’ dependence on the Internet gradually deepens,The Internet has developed into an inclusive economy、Politics、Culture、A new world of social interaction and more。Same as the real world,bet365 sports also needs a minimum order,bet365 sports participants need to jointly formulate and maintain regulations。2015,At the Second World Internet Conference, our country’s leaders proposed the “four principles” that should be adhered to in promoting the reform of the global Internet governance system,That is, "respect network sovereignty,Maintain peace and security,Promote open cooperation,Building good order”。2019,The Organizing Committee of the Sixth World Internet Conference released the concept document "Working Together to Build a Community with a Shared Future in bet365 sports",Make the "Four Principles" clear as the basic principles that should be adhered to in "building a community with a shared future in bet365 sports"。The author thinks,The "Four Principles" constitute the essence of the concept of "Building a Community with a Shared Future in bet365 sports",is the key to understanding China’s Internet governance policies。
Establishment of basic principles
The opening of bet365 sports、Cross-border and other characteristics make a single country、Neither organizations nor individuals can implement effective control over it,The original domestic laws and international laws based on territorial boundaries are also difficult to be effective in bet365 sports。Go further,Due to the diversity of participants in bet365 sports,And the values of each subject、Ideology、There are huge differences in actual national interests and other aspects,Leading various entities in the process of formulating international norms for the Internet and establishing international organizations for Internet governance,Difficulty in reaching consensus。In this context,bet365 sports participants try to express their opinions by proposing Internet governance principles,mitigating conflicts,Preventing disorder in bet365 sports。
Early this century,Separately in Geneva、The four documents produced by the two World Summits on the Information Society (WSIS) held in Tunisia contain the basic principles of bet365 sports governance,From now on,bet365 sports governance principles have become the most influential normative tool。2011-2014,United States、Brazil、European Commission、United Nations、Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)、G8 (G8)、Shanghai Cooperation Organization、bet365 sports Society (ISOC)、Countries or organizations such as the Global Network Initiative (GNI) have proposed some influential declarations of principles for bet365 sports governance。Because in 2011, governments issued the most declarations of principles for bet365 sports governance,Some scholars call it the “Year of Government Support for bet365 sports Principles”。
The Chinese government proposed the concept of “building a community with a shared future in bet365 sports” and the “Four Principles” in 2015,In fact, it is a continuation of the "Year of Government Support for Internet Principles" in 2011,Reflects Chinese wisdom in solving Internet development and governance problems、China Plan,It is also an important part of the global Internet governance principle system。
Legal implications of basic principles
China proposes the concept of building a community with a shared future in bet365 sports,Intended to build consensus on Internet development governance,Build bet365 sports into a development community that benefits all mankind、Security Community、Community of responsibility、Community of Interest。But the existence of a community with a shared future in bet365 sports must be based on norms,bet365 sports is first and foremost a normative community。There is no establishment of a normative system for bet365 sports,The development of human beings in bet365 sports、Security、Neither responsibility nor interests can be guaranteed,The construction of a community with a shared future in bet365 sports is also difficult to implement。
Network regulations mainly consist of legal regulations。From a jurisprudence perspective,Legal norms usually include legal rules and legal principles,Thus cyber norms usually consist of legal rules and legal principles that apply in bet365 sports。The basic principles of building a community with a shared future in bet365 sports are legal principles。On the one hand,The "four principles" for building a community with a shared future in bet365 sports are clearly stipulated in the law,Like the Charter of the United Nations、It is discussed in my country’s Constitution and Cybersecurity Law,For example, Article 1 of the "Cybersecurity Law" clearly stipulates "maintaining bet365 sports sovereignty"、Article 7 stipulates “the establishment of multilateralism”、Democracy、Transparent network governance system”。These regulations reflect the value judgment of a community with a shared future in bet365 sports,Thus it falls within the scope of legal norms。
On the other hand,Whether it is viewed from the logical structure or the content of the "four principles" for building a community with a shared future in bet365 sports,The "four principles" are all legal principles。From the perspective of logical structure,None of the “four principles” are as clearly defined as legal rules、Specific assumptions、Patterns of Behavior and Legal Consequences;Judging from the content of the provisions,The four principles reflect the overarching nature、Guidance and other characteristics,Rather than having deterministic characteristics like legal rules。
The main categories reflected in the basic principles
To accurately grasp the basic principles of building a community with a shared future in bet365 sports,The focus is to understand its main contents and the role of each principle in building a community with a shared future in bet365 sports。
First,Building a community with a shared future in bet365 sports should respect the principle of cyber sovereignty。This principle is the application of the principle of sovereign equality established in the United Nations Charter in a community with a shared future in bet365 sports。Cyber sovereignty refers to the right of governments of all countries to act according to their own national conditions,Formulate public policies, laws and regulations related to bet365 sports,Information and communication infrastructure and resources within the country、Information and communication activities have jurisdiction,The right to protect one’s own information systems and information resources from threats、Interference、Attack and Destruction,Obligation to protect citizens’ legitimate rights and interests in bet365 sports。Cyber sovereignty is the natural extension of national sovereignty in bet365 sports,The birth of the principle of network sovereignty is the inevitable result of the shift in Internet governance from technical issues to political issues,The essence is to insist that the state is the only legitimate public authority to deal with the Internet, a global resource。Respecting the principle of network sovereignty is the prerequisite for building a community with a shared future in bet365 sports。
Second,Building a community with a shared future in bet365 sports should adhere to the principle of maintaining peace and security。This principle is the application of the purposes and principles of "maintaining international peace and security" of the United Nations Charter in bet365 sports,Advocate for maintaining network security、The importance of peaceful use of bet365 sports and peaceful resolution of cyber disputes。Security of bet365 sports、Stable、Complete、Reliability and sustainable operation are the key to realizing Internet innovation、The premise and basis for benefiting mankind,In line with the common interests of all bet365 sports participants,Emphasis on maintaining security and stability of bet365 sports、The peaceful use of bet365 sports and the peaceful resolution of cyber disputes are the common responsibilities of all bet365 sports participants。Maintaining the principle of peace and security is the guarantee for building a community with a shared future in bet365 sports。
Third,Building a community with a shared future in bet365 sports should adhere to the principle of promoting open cooperation。Openness is the original intention of the Internet,Internet decentralization、Accessibility clears technical barriers to making it available to everyone。Operation of the Internet、Innovation、Governance is inseparable from cooperation among bet365 sports participants。Promoting the principle of open cooperation is to promote the all-round innovative development of bet365 sports,Achieve different systems、Guarantee to maximize the interests of bet365 sports participants under different nationalities and different cultural backgrounds。Promoting the principle of open cooperation is the path to building a community with a shared future in bet365 sports。
Fourth,Building a community with a shared future in bet365 sports should adhere to the principle of building a good order。This principle regards order as the basis for ensuring the operation of bet365 sports,It is one of the basic values of network standard maintenance。This principle requires bet365 sports participants to realize that bet365 sports is not a lawless place,Should be based on recognized international law and basic norms of international relations,Building a good order in bet365 sports。The principle of building good order is the basis for building a community with a shared future in bet365 sports。
The value function of basic principles
The demonstration effect of the “Four Principles”。Proposition of the “Four Principles” for building a community with a shared future in bet365 sports,Reflects the basic stance of most countries that are latecomers in Internet technology, including China, on Internet governance at this stage。The proposition of the "Four Principles" is conducive to curbing Internet hegemonism、Unilateralism,Protecting the national interests of countries that develop Internet technology,Legal and feasible,Has a role model for countries that are latecomers to Internet technology。
The policy guiding role of the “Four Principles”。“Four Principles” as policy legal principles,Is the bearer of the basic spirit and value of cyber law、The basic architect of the bet365 sports law content system,Can be used as a basis for network legal interpretation and reasoning,Provide policy guidance for the correct application of network legal rules。
The refereeing role bet365 sports “Four Principles”。The four principles are the same as other legal principles,When the judge cannot directly invoke clear legal rules to hear the case,Can be directly used as the basis or reason for individual case judgment,Follows the role of filling legal loopholes。
(This article is a phased result of the key project of the Beijing Social Science Fund "Challenges Facing the Global Internet Governance System and the Construction of a Community with a Shared Future in bet365 sports" (19XCA002)
(Author’s unit: College of Culture and Communication, Capital University of Economics and Business)
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