Gilles Deleuze，1925-1995) is a French postmodernist philosopher、Key figures in the movement to revive Nietzsche，His film ontology bet365 bonus code 2023 a cognitive medium to conduct purely speculative philosophical research，His answer to “What is a movie?”，Points to the problems existing in philosophy and the psychological and ideological crisis faced by Western countries after World War II，Implicit in the underlying logic and humanistic care of post-structuralist radical left-wing philosophy。

　　Using the characteristics of bet365 bonus code 2023 to explore philosophical issues

In recent years，Deleuze’s film philosophy has received some criticism，These criticisms can be divided into three main categories。The first category holds that Deleuze only uses film as a medium to achieve his philosophical purposes，Thus using "Bergsonism" to repeat the work that some other scholars have done。The second category believes that Deleuze distinguished movies into "movement-image" and "bet365 bonus code 2023-image" based on Foucault's "Words and Things"，This is not consistent with the actual situation in film history，It is a conceptual classification that is divorced from the actual development of film。The third type thinks，Deleuze’s film philosophy cannot fundamentally bring about an aesthetic revolution，Thus from the perspective of radical philosophy，Not considered a success。

So has Deleuze achieved the ideological shock to the "fiction" that constitutes the human subject and its external world with the help of real-life movies？Or as far as the movie itself is concerned，Can bet365 bonus code 2023 perspective help us truly understand the new connotation of “modernity” and achieve cognitive changes？We need to follow bet365 bonus code 2023 own logic of becoming theory，Examining bet365 bonus code 2023 film philosophy。

Actually，Film occupies a key position in Deleuze’s entire lineage of thought。As the French philosopher Vincent Descombes said，From the perspective of its ideological origin，Deleuze “First Post-Kantian”。His thoughts continue Kant’s transcendental dialectics”。Deleuze critically transformed Kant’s transcendental idealism on the basis of empiricism，Through his early works "Difference and Repetition", "Logic of Meaning", "Bergsonism", "Kant's Critical Philosophy", etc.，Proposed what he called "transcendental empiricism"。There are still paradoxes related to rationalism and empiricism in Kant’s transcendentalism，Especially the question about “intuition”。In transcendental sensibility，Intuition and judgment are united by pure concepts of understanding，And in transcendental logic，Intuitive perceptual receptivity and intellectual spontaneity are clearly distinguished。When it comes to purely intuitive forms of space and bet365 bonus code 2023，Kant believes that “space and bet365 bonus code 2023 contain a manifold of a priori pure intuition”，Both "the conditions of receptivity that belong to our hearts"，Also "will definitely affect the concept of the object"。Here，The intuition of space and bet365 bonus code 2023 creates an insurmountable contradiction between its receptivity and spontaneity，The innate form cannot completely erase its empirical content，Forms Kant’s “wicked triggering problem”。Deleuze thinks，The sensory hierarchy established by the First Critique that ultimately leads to a sense of commonality，Disintegrated in the aesthetic judgment of the Third Critique and produced differences in the extreme intensity of different senses。He drew on the teachings of French philosopher Henri Bergson，Euphemistically criticizing Kant’s transcendental philosophy，At the same bet365 bonus code 2023, follow the path of Kant’s aesthetic judgment and enter the artistic ontology of the film’s “movement-image” and “bet365 bonus code 2023-image”，From the "general conditions of all possible experiences" constructed by Kant's transcendentalism to the generation and opening of "real experience and its particularity"。

Deleuze’s film ontology starts from the phenomenon of “thing-image”，Discuss the a priori empirical possibility of bet365 bonus code 2023 and motion。Deleuze’s transcendental empiricism points to the movement of the transcendental realm’s own existence，Considering that the subject’s transcendental condition is the manifestation of existence’s own movement，Subjective experience as "a limited essential existence can enter the existence itself"。At the same bet365 bonus code 2023, the scientific theory finally formed by the subject's a priori comprehensive judgment facing material objects、The rationality of statistics，Making it impossible for knowledge to turn to the non-material self of life，Thus introducing the antinomy of capital。Movies are a fusion of bet365 bonus code 2023、The Art of Space and Movement，Deleuze attempts to exploit this property of cinema，Resolving Kant’s Paradox of Intuitive Forms of Space and bet365 bonus code 2023，And discuss the creativity of real experience obscured by a priori conditions。

　　From "movement-image" to "bet365 bonus code 2023-image"

Deleuze believes that film is not a typical example of the false movement of modern scientific natural perception，Opposite，He believes that in daily perception，“The hallucination is modified at the source of the perception by the conditions that gave rise to the subject’s perception”，As ​​a cognitive machine，The illusion projection mechanism of movies and human perception、Intellectual activities and language are not consistent，In the movie，“The illusion is modified as the picture appears”，Motion belongs to the picture as a direct condition in the form of dynamic segmentation，rather than natural perception、Given、A priori conditions for external loading，Therefore film has the potential to directly represent real movement。However, many movies, especially Hollywood movies, still adhere to the "sensory-motor" schema，Thus, "movement-image" and its three transformations-perceptual image are formed、Emotional images and action images，Getting to the root of it，They are still interception and projection movements with people as the center of uncertainty，And corresponds to the "image", "movement tendency in the sensory nerves" and actions formed based on interests。At this bet365 bonus code 2023, "movement-image" is only centered on human beings、A collection of balanced local image arrangements。

After World War II，There is a transition from "movement-image" to "bet365 bonus code 2023-image"，For example, Italian neorealist films and French New Wave films。But Deleuze believes that Italian neorealist films only weaken the "movement-image"，Wandering in character、When you feel hesitant or even confused，The opportunity to directly present bet365 bonus code 2023 flashed。It is the French New Wave films that truly demonstrate "bet365 bonus code 2023-image"，That is, "Crystal-Image"。As a metaphor，Crystal describes the true duration of bet365 bonus code 2023 after becoming independent from space。Present and past、Real and potential、Reality and imagination、Perception and memory exist simultaneously，And keep converting，Continuous transfer from the experiencing transparent side of the crystal to the potentially turbid side。Crystal images are people’s habitual recognition that is forced to interrupt，Perception is separated from the "many" of automatic "sensory-motor" schemas，Re-examine an object and enter into deliberate identification。The automatic extension of natural perception in spatial collection turns into a loop that continuously restarts the cycle of identifying objects，Object travels vertically across levels，Enter deep and open generation，Subject consciousness thus enters the state of duration。Therefore crystal images are often shown in movies as hallucinations of people's insanity，But it is a presentation of the essence of the material world，That is, things eternally accept and reflect external effects in all their aspects。The inner cycle of real images and potential images (memories) contained in crystal images, as well as the deep cycle of potential images themselves，Become "the last movement on the edge of the world and beyond"、Variable、The limit of deformation”。Crystals constitute the subject’s unrecognizable past、Now、Future continuous interactive interface。Therefore，Although the crystal image itself is not bet365 bonus code 2023，But people can "see" bet365 bonus code 2023 from it，The past is not the present but the same bet365 bonus code 2023，bet365 bonus code 2023 is broken down into future and past at each moment。Via Crystal，People realize that the eternal basis of bet365 bonus code 2023 is precisely non-sequentiality。

The crystal image implies the radical intention of Deleuze’s philosophy of life，Constitutes a new narrative structure-"narrative is no longer true，i.e. it no longer claims to be true，In order to become completely fictional”。Deleuze uses this to emphasize "false force"，That is, when the bet365 bonus code 2023 is presented directly，The indiscernible alternation between the "unrealized present cusp" and the "potential past tense"，Makes "real people die，The pattern of truth has collapsed，A new narrative emerges”。“False force” for Deleuze means a political “message” linked to the “pre-individual”。Deleuze believes that Nietzsche responded to the crisis of "truth" with the "false force" of "will to power"，“While we are eradicating the real world，Also eradicating the world of appearances”。“False force” reveals the subjectivity constructed around the body、Organism、Meaning Theory and Culture、The coding mechanism between politics and power，Show rationality、The statistical and bureaucratic logic of capital and its ideological falsity。Crystal image heralds a break with appearance，The possibility of breaking the bet365 bonus code 2023 experience of natural perception，The collapse of representation brought about by this coincides with the "body without organs" that Deleuze calls for "Brownian motion in the form of a multiplicity"。In a nutshell，Deleuze’s film philosophy is directly related to “becoming” as a core concept。Deleuze’s theoretical genealogy all points to life in an “ever-renewing state of difference and change”，Crossing all existing boundaries，Exploring the conditions for the emergence of new things，Looking for the subject of revolution and its historical opportunity。

(This article is a phased result bet365 bonus code 2023 key project bet365 bonus code 2023 Hainan Provincial Department of Education "'Internet + Flipped Classroom' Hybrid Humanities Theory Teaching Model - Taking "Western Literary Theory" Embedded Writing as an Example" (Hnjg2018ZD-14)

(Author’s unit: School of bet365 bonus code 2023 and Communication, Sanya University)