The Importance and Complexity of Language,Even though linguistic research is booming to this day,Another continual challenge to linguistic research。Under new historical conditions,No matter which school of linguistics you are in,We are all trying to combine theory and practice,Targeting and mining new materials、New phenomenon,Construct and improve a new theoretical framework。This article attempts to start from the perspective of bet365 live casino games research on generative grammar,Let’s discuss how to construct theoretical linguistics with bet365 live casino games characteristics in the new era,And how to innovate bet365 live casino games grammar theory。
Talking about bet365 live casino games studies,The current theoretical system of bet365 live casino games grammar in my country originated from "Ma Shi Wentong" based on Latin grammar,And deeply influenced by European structuralism and American structuralism。After several generations of academic cultivation,Especially with Wang Li、Lu Shuxiang、Zhu Dexi and other linguistic masters and their students are represented,bet365 live casino games grammatical phenomena have been studied very thoroughly within this framework,Theoretical Grammar of Formation、The teaching grammar is relatively complete。However,There are indeed many special grammatical phenomena in bet365 live casino games that are different from Indo-European,Even though the existing bet365 live casino games grammar system inherits the research methods and ideas of structuralism,It is often difficult to provide ready explanations and solutions。After structuralism,The West enters the era of generative grammar。Since its founding by Chomsky in the 1950s,Generative grammar repeatedly emphasizes the common issues of human language,The ultimate goal is to explore the universal grammar of human language。But at the same time,Generative grammar also uses English as its main source of corpus and inspiration,There are relatively few descriptions and theoretical explanations of other language phenomena, especially bet365 live casino games and its dialects。And those phenomena in bet365 live casino games that are different from Indo-European,Such as rich sentence-final particles (such as "?", "nee", "ba", "ah", etc.),And many "adverbs" that do not modify the clause itself (such as "fundamentally", "only", "in the end", etc.),How should we position it?、Definition and explanation,It is also something that the existing generative grammar theory has not paid enough attention to and explained clearly。If language phenomena cannot be fully explained at the theoretical level,Of course, there will also be great difficulties in practical applications (such as teaching bet365 live casino games as a foreign language)。
Therefore,We need to adjust the bet365 live casino games grammar system within a certain range、Innovation,In order to solve these problems in language research。Then,How to innovate bet365 live casino games grammar theory?The key is to insist that "foreign" serve China、“Ancient” is used today,Localize Western linguistic theory and combine it with traditional bet365 live casino games linguistic theory。This way,It can not only inherit and carry forward the fine tradition of linguistics research in my country,It can also innovatively solve the above-mentioned difficulties and problems that cannot be explained by existing theories。In fact,my country’s Mandarin bet365 live casino games and its rich dialects,It is to find the common rules of language、Exploring Principles and Parameters,And a huge treasure trove of language that innovates grammatical theory under new historical conditions。
To be specific,How to make "foreign" serve China、Is "ancient" used today?Given that the history of generative grammar is not very long,So "ancient" here is in quotation marks。We must first sort out the history of generative grammar research on bet365 live casino games grammar at home and abroad,Focus on collecting relevant documents published since the 1960s。The most important thing is,It is necessary to classify these generative grammar research results according to different topics to establish a comprehensive and complete data database,Convenient for later scholars to search、Download and read。The special topic should include issues related to syntactic structure such as "'ba'-word sentences", "'be'-word sentences", "wh-questions", "reflexive pronouns", etc. that are well known to scholars at home and abroad,It should also include "existential sentences" and "focus categories" that have received more and more attention in recent years。Only through a systematic review of the development context of bet365 live casino games research on generative grammar,And be careful about the existing results、Complete collection and organization,In order to comprehensively present the whole picture of bet365 live casino games research on generative grammar,Especially the linguistic phenomena that are relatively lacking in research or need to be further explored。
Systematic review and research of domestic and foreign literature is only the first step。The diversified development trend of language research is becoming more and more obvious,The development of syntax research to date,There is also a transition from syntactic autonomy to the era of interface research between syntax and other fields of linguistics。Language interface research involves the interaction between various levels within the language,Is the key research direction of linguistics in the new era。Next,Let’s dig into the unique corpus of bet365 live casino games、Material,Respectively syntax-pragmatic interface、Perspectives of syntax-semantics interface and syntax-discourse interface,Explain the feasibility and value of further research on bet365 live casino games grammar。
Syntax-Pragmatic Interface,That is, the interface for syntax and language use。In the specific use of language,There are a large number of sentence-final particles in both Mandarin and dialects of bet365 live casino games (such as "nee", "mo", "ah", etc. in Mandarin,"Xian", "咩", etc. in Cantonese dialect),But this kind of sentence-final particle rarely exists in Western languages。Therefore,It is difficult for the Western linguistic theoretical system to make a reasonable syntactic positioning of the various sentence-final particles in bet365 live casino games。This requires innovative research by linguists,For example, analyze the particles at the end of the sentence one by one,Find example sentences through large-scale corpus search,Final comparison determines the actual function of each sentence-final particle,Focus on pragmatically examining the judgment or emotion expressed by the speaker through the particle at the end of the sentence、The role of sentence-final particles in marking sentence types,And the selection relationship between the particle at the end of the sentence and the speaker's evaluation adverb。In addition,You can also choose Cantonese dialect、For comparison, Southern dialects such as Southern Fujian dialects, which are rich in sentence-final particles, are commonly used,Compare the sentence-final particles with the Mandarin sentence-final particles,And conduct similar analysis,To ensure that the analysis results based on Mandarin sentence-final particles are universal,Can be used for subsequent analysis。Study clearly the unique bet365 live casino games phenomenon of sentence-final particles,Not only can it improve the theoretical analysis of syntax,Be able to directly guide the application and practice of teaching bet365 live casino games as a foreign language。
Syntax-Semantics Interface,Involving the interaction of syntax and semantics。There is a type of subjective adverb in bet365 live casino games that expresses a certain subjective attitude of the speaker (such as "always", "certainly", etc.)。But there are many kinds of subjective adverbs in bet365 live casino games,Syntactically unlike Indo-European, it can appear as a parenthesis in a sentence (such as English "Fortunately");And the existing theoretical framework of generative grammar does not distinguish subjective adverbs from other adverbs,All are regarded as part of the "additional ingredients",Place it in a structural position similar to other adverbs,In fact, this position does not reflect the actual function of bet365 live casino games subjective adverbs。In view of this,Follow-up research should reclassify bet365 live casino games subjective adverbs according to their semantic and syntactic functions,such as evaluation adverb、Adverb of expression、Modal adverbs, etc.,And take samples for detailed analysis,Summarize the common characteristics of each type of subjective adverbs based on accurate description,Make sure the results are accurate。
Syntax-Chapter Interface,Refers to the sentence and the context outside the sentence、Chapter interaction。For example, the bet365 live casino games adverb "fundamental",Indicates that the speaker makes a subjective evaluation of the proposition of the clause ("Xiao Wang is not a good person at all"),Although "fundamental" is in the clause,It has no direct relationship with the truth value of the proposition in the clause,It is a proposition similar to "Some people think Xiao Wang is a good person" in the refutation text。This kind of internal and external components of the sentence is very special,Because Indo-European rarely uses a single word to express the relationship between proposition and context,So background adverbs are a unique phenomenon in bet365 live casino games。The research on this is preliminary classified according to the relationship between background adverbs and chapters,If it is not true、Continuation、Confirmation, etc.,Perform sampling analysis for each category,Describe the functions and distribution clearly,Then summarize the common characteristics of each type of background adverb,And conduct verification analysis through corpus and psycholinguistic experiments,To ensure the reliability of the conclusion。Research on rare linguistic phenomena in Western languages such as subjective adverbs and background adverbs,It can not only expand the theory of generative grammar at the syntax-semantics interface and syntax-pragmatic interface,Be able to directly guide second language teaching and other applied linguistics fields。
From the above discussion it is not difficult to see,bet365 live casino games and its dialects still have many linguistic phenomena that cannot be fully covered and explained by the existing linguistic theoretical system,Linguists are needed based on existing theoretical research,Research based on and rooted in specific issues in bet365 live casino games,Thereby launching innovative theoretical results。We know,Practice is the only criterion for testing whether a theory is correct,The same is true for the study of ontology theory in linguistics。Constructing a theoretical linguistics framework with bet365 live casino games characteristics in the new era based on bet365 live casino games facts,Theoretical results can better guide the practical application of bet365 live casino games and its dialects,And get relevant feedback from practice。For example,Research on grammatical theory to explore the mechanism of language disorders among children and the elderly in my country、The processing and production model of bet365 live casino games in psycholinguistics,Especially in the direction of applied linguistics such as second language teaching,all can play an important role。At the same time,Theoretical results of linguistic ontology research can also be compared with psychology、Neurology、Medicine、Computer Science、Combining artificial intelligence and other disciplines,To better conduct language-related interdisciplinary collaborative research。Anyway,Basic research on linguistic theory always has its important and irreplaceable value,Localizing Western classic theories、After being grounded,Can continue to shine in the new era,Building a system of theoretical linguistics with bet365 live casino games characteristics in the new era,Open up new territories for the vigorous development of linguistics in my country。
(This article is a phased result of the National Social Science Fund’s major project “bet365 live casino games Research on Generative Grammar and Theoretical Innovation of bet365 live casino games Grammar in the New Era” (18ZDA291)
(Author’s unit: bet365 live casino games Center for Foreign Linguistics and Applied Linguistics, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies)
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