Asia is the world's largest area、One continent with the most population，Countries with more than 100 million global population occupy half。Since 1995，There are 16 countries or regions in this area who submitted language data in the Census of Population Census to the United Nations，About one -third of the total number of Asian countries and regions。Various countries that carry out language census in historical and cultural traditions、The level of economic and social development and the political system are large.，But in terms of language census work, some common features，It is worth studying and reference in my country's academic circles。

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Countries of Language Census in Asia，It is mainly located in South Asia and Southeast Asia and the Soviet Union，originated from foreign influence in its early history。Take the Indian language census as an example，Originally, the UK was carried out in order to facilitate colonial rule in the area。The British government appointed experts in 1894 promoted the project called "Linguistic Survey of India" in India，Lotten more than thirty years and finally completed，A total of 11 volumes、More than 10,000 pages of language report。and Azerbaijan and other countries mainly carried out a language census to understand the national composition during the Soviet period，The "mother tongue" of its investigation item has a strong national instruction function。

These countries continue the practice of language Bet365 app download census，On the one hand, it has a certain historical inertia，On the other hand, it also has higher tool value because of the language census，Can reveal the macro map of the country's population and development direction，It has a strong auxiliary effect on national governance。

　Survey content serves the needs of the country

The United Nations suggests that in the census, you can focus on the four types of language data of the country, that is, the mother tongue、Common language、Specifying language and main language。This study involved in 16 Asian countries and regions，There are 11 surveyed use of mother tongue，The remaining 5 pays attention to the use of common languages ​​commonly used in citizen families。Bangladesh、India、Pakistan、Cambodia、Nepal、Georgia, etc., all surveyed the use of mother tongue，Indonesia、Philippines and Hong Kong and Macau, China，Singapore of a diverse society，"Family Language" as a language survey item。cooperate with this，Almost all of the above countries are paying attention to the level of its official language or the level of a national language，Although different countries have different levels of accuracy of the level。Some countries such as India、Cambodia、Nepal、Sri Lanka, etc.，Adopt the most direct two -point method，The respondents only need to answer or not、Is it or not; the Macau Special Administrative Region and countries and regions such as Singapore have added specific descriptions，For example, can you read a newspaper or write in a certain language。

The attention of different languages ​​in Asian countries，Show its management focus different。In Europe，The use of mother tongue has been used as an important bet365 live casino games indicator for judging citizenship status for a long time，India、Georgia and other countries investigating the mother tongue item shows that it is more concerned about the language composition of the country，Explain that the national structure of these countries has an important impact on domestic politics。Investigation of home language in countries and regions such as the Philippines shows that the government pays special attention to the language identity of citizens and its changes in use，Explain that the population flow in these areas is higher。In this sense，Language census is considered an important tool for national governance。

　The survey method reflects social development

Language census is a time -consuming and labor -intensive "family bottom" project，Some countries even delay the census due to financial difficulties，Therefore, all countries work hard to seek low cost、High -efficiency survey method。India, which carried out a census earlier, as an example，In the 1980s, the most traditional survey method for visiting from house to house，India uses a total of 1.25 million people in various places to register in depth of the households，Various tables used in census、The printing of paper materials such as card consumes nearly 1,000 tons of paper。In 2011, India successfully tried the paperless electronic census，Campaign staff holds a tablet computer，Enter the census data in real time after the network; at the same time, use the drone and satellite positioning system to help the census staff accurately plan the statistical area，Settle the problem of investigation problems in the slums of Indian urban slums and frequent conflict areas。Bangladesh bet365 live casino games mentioned in a census technical experience report submitted to the United Nations.，In 1981, they first tried optical recognition technology (OMR)，In 2001, the optical character recognition technology (OCR)，A scanner can scan 5,000 questionnaires per hour。In 2011, Bangladesh used Internet technology in a large scale in the census，A scanner can scan 5,000 questionnaires per hour。When the National Bureau of Statistics of the Philippines summarizing its census technical experience，Focus on the innovation of map technology: Geographical Information Technology Tools (GIT) from 1994，Using aerial photos by 2000 to achieve a full digital map，By 2007, using the global positioning system (GPS) technology and receiver to capture the coordinates of natural landmarks and artificial landmarks。

The popularization and upgrade of computer technology has enabled the language census of Asian countries to achieve part or comprehensive digitalization，greatly improved the coverage and accuracy of census。Of course，The optimization status of the census work also reflects the social reality of the rapid development and progress of social social and regional in Asian countries and regions。

　　The subject of the investigation encourages multiple parties to participate

Language survey data of Asian countries is basically responsible for collecting by the State Statistics Bureau of various countries，At the same time, the language vision and close -up survey invite linguist and relevant management departments to assist in completing。The Linguistic Survey of India Early Indian Linguistic Survey of India is that the linguist George Grierson submitted an application to the government and completed by officials bet365 live casino games across India under its guidance。This survey depends on the professional knowledge of British experts in the event organization and makes full use of Indian existing administrative management system，greatly saved the cost of investigation，so that the project can be implemented。The Philippines established the Census Statistics Bureau in 1940，For its Rural Commercial Department、Customs Bureau、National Library and other departments to integrate，A census of the population。Myanmar's census in 2014 used nearly 120,000 teachers across the country to be temporarily served as a census。

From the above example, it can be seen，Population census is a very high cost activity，It is necessary to use the strength of the country to mobilize the relevant resources to complete。​​So，It is difficult to effectively solve the problem of input and cost issues to a large limit. Many countries conduct language census。

　　Experience of Asian countries is worth summing up and reference

Asian countries are closely related to the development of economic, social and cultural development。Many Asian countries have formed a relatively stable investigation cycle and investigation tradition，3836_3858。

Since the implementation of the "Thirteenth Five -Year" Development Plan "，The National Language Commission will include "promoting the use of language and words in the national population census and other related survey statistics" as one of the key tasks。First, the language survey is included in the census，Get the full picture of Chinese language status。In recent years，Chinese language planning gradually turns to research and management ideas under the perspective of language bet365 best casino games resources，See every language used by citizens in the country as a valuable resource，But the status quo of data lack，Unable to develop refined language classification protection, development and utilization，Unexpectedly to solve this difficulties through the language census。Second, organize the team of experts to develop a census questionnaire suitable for my country's needs。The statistical results of the census questionnaire can reflect social reality，The design of the questionnaire constructs social reality to a certain extent。To design a questionnaire that can accurately serve the needs of national social development，Need long -term research and repeated experiments，Not overnight，You need to plan in advance。Third is to make full use of the development of scientific and technological development achievements for advanced survey technology。Application of census technology in Asian countries has better reduced census costs，Improving the survey accuracy，my country should also commission the capable unit to develop production related software and hardware products。Fourth is to formulate a comprehensive investigation plan，Clarify the responsibilities of all parties。Language census requires the coordination of the central and local authorities，Involved in funding protection、Personnel dial、Standard formulation、Project execution、Supervision and Management and other links，Is a cross -department、Cross -region、The long -lasting vast project，Comprehensive schemes need to be developed。

(This article is the "National Language Construction Research in the Transformation of the Central Eastern bet365 best casino games European State" (17cyy012) phased achievement)

(Author Unit: School of Foreign Languages ​​from Yangzhou University)