President Xi Jinping in his congratulatory letter to the first World bet365 best casino games Congress，I hope that all experts and scholars will take up the mission of classical research，To promote the inheritance and development of civilization、Promote exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations and make greater contributions。The study of classical studies has important enlightenment significance for the study of ancient culture。

　Different forms of Chinese and Western bet365 best casino games studies

Egypt during the Ptolemaic Dynasty (305 BC-30 BC)，Scholars studying Greek texts gathered in Alexandria，Carried out large-scale research on Greek bet365 best casino games，Laid the foundation of classical studies。And in China，From the time of Duke Quan of Qi (King Wei of Qi) to King Jian of Qi (374 BC-221 BC)，Scholars gather at Jixia Academy of Qi State，A hundred schools of thought contend，forming a climax of ancient Chinese scholarship。It can be said，The academic lights that light up at both ends of the world almost at the same time complement each other，It has important foundational significance for the development of world academic culture。

bet365 best casino games is one of the important pillars of Western humanities scholarship，It takes ancient Greek and Roman bet365 best casino games as its main research object，Have specific academic ideas、Mature research methods and fruitful academic results。The main features worthy of attention in classical studies are:

First，Deliberately reviving the life scenes of the classical era，Inheriting the spirit of the classical era。Most of the early scholars who gathered in Alexandria were also poets、Playwright，While they were studying Greek texts，Also imitates Greek literary creation，Intent to continue、Develop Greek culture。Mid 15th century，Many Greek scholars flocked to Italy，bet365 best casino games largely promoted and participated in the Renaissance movement，Plays the role of rational enlightenment。Mid 19th century，The famous philosopher Nietzsche is a linguistics professor，Special emphasis on entering the imagination of ancient people，And created such passionate works as "The Birth of Tragedy"。Anyway，Although there are many schools of classical studies，Many branches，But the knowledgeable people among them can fully realize the value and charm of ancient Greek and Roman culture，Emphasis on the inheritance and development of rational spirit and cultural values。

Second，Emphasis on comprehensive research on classical literature，To present the historical and cultural significance of the document to the greatest extent。bet365 best casino games generally starts with philology and linguistics，Inseparable from archeology、Religious Studies、Myth、Drama and poetry research, etc.，Easy to form independent subject interests，But classical scholars constantly remind us to pay attention to the overall cultural value。As Max Muller said: "Classical scholarship uses languages ​​such as Greek and Latin as means，To understand the literary legacy entrusted to our generation by the passing years，It is a spell，Recalling the thoughts and ideas of great men from all over the world from the grave of time，It is a path，Tracing human society from now on、Morality、The evolution of knowledge and religion。"(Chinese translation of "History of Western Classical Academics" by John Edwin Sands) In this regard，bet365 best casino games is actually an academic way of observation，is a collection of meaning domains，Not just a subject。

　Third，Accumulated rich experience in literature research，formed a variety of standardized academic methods。bet365 best casino games involves many forms of documents，includes transcript、Oral transmission、Inscription、Papyrus、physical objects, etc.，Research methods include textual research、Interpretation、Appreciation、Compilation, etc.，The core knowledge is called "philology"。Chinese literature with literature as the core，has a clear humanistic connotation，Emphasize the grasp of ancient thoughts and spirit，simultaneously in semantics、Syntax、Rhetoric、Style、There are precise and standardized research rules for micro aspects such as versions，And to a large extent, it accommodates the researcher’s understanding and personality。

Generally believed，In Chinese Academics，Confucian bet365 best casino games and philology that are similar to classical studies。Confucian bet365 best casino games is the core knowledge of ancient Chinese culture，Taking "Poetry", "Book", "Li", "Yi", "Spring and Autumn", etc. as the main research objects，Research methods include literature review、Text exegesis、Principle analysis，The purpose of its research is to form and improve the Confucian ideological system。Because traditional Chinese society uses Confucianism as its official ideology，Confucian bet365 best casino games has become the official culture，Reflect national ideology。The term "philology" originated in the late Qing Dynasty，It is a kind of knowledge that focuses on organizing and studying ancient documents，The purpose is to analyze、Understanding and improving ancient documents，Let it be passed down better。From this point of view，Contents studied in Confucian bet365 best casino games, philology and bet365 best casino games、There is some overlap in research methods，But in the field of overall academic culture、The connotation is narrower than Western bet365 best casino games。

　　Traditional "literature" with bet365 best casino games as the core

Confucius was the earliest scholar in bet365 best casino games China to compile and disseminate documents，The documents he compiled include "The Book of Songs", "Spring and Autumn", "Shangshu", etc.。"Historical Records: Confucius' Family" says that "Confucius taught rituals and music with poems and books"，"The Book of Rites of Great Dai·Wenzi of General Wei" says, "I heard the Master's teachings，Let’s start with “Poetry”，The knowledge of Confucius includes literature and etiquette。Etiquette was also documented after Confucius，The formation of documents such as "Three Rites", "Music Theory" and "Music Records"，So，Confucianism can also be said to be classic knowledge。"The Analects of Confucius·Advanced" mentioned the "Four Subjects of Confucius": "Virtue: Yan Yuan、Min Ziqian、Ran Boniu、Zhong Gong。Words: kill me、Zigong。Political Affairs: Ran You、Ji Lu。Literature: Ziyou、Zixia。”So-called “literature”，It is to be proficient in "poetry, calligraphy, etiquette and music"，Hereinafter refers to the classic literature。And virtue、Words、The three subjects of political affairs are the personality cultivation formed under the education of "poems, books, rituals and music"，And the ability to use "poems, books, rituals and music" to conduct diplomatic activities and govern the country。So，“Literature” is the basic knowledge of Confucianism，It is also the basic knowledge of later generations of Chinese scholars。

In traditional Chinese culture，"Literature" classic is an open concept，This is different from both bet365 best casino games and bet365 best casino games。First，The scope of bet365 best casino games continues to expand，Not limited to "Five bet365 best casino games"。After the Warring States Period，Not only Confucianism creates its own bet365 best casino games，Such as "Three Rites" and "Yue Jing" etc.，Hundred schools of thought、Historical Commentary、Memorial Chapter、Poems, songs, etc.，Masterpieces of the past，All are canonized。Classical standards，First, ideological nature，That is, self-cultivation、The function of assisting government；The second is rhetoric，That is, the diction is neat and organized，It’s a good example。Wei Zhengyun of the Tang Dynasty said: "Writing is for use，It’s so big！The superior is responsible for the good governance of the inferior，The bottom is the reason why we express our feelings and aspirations above，Daze Jingwei Tiandi，Example in training，The second time is the song of praise，Kuang Zhuhemin。" ("Preface to Biography of Literature in Sui Shu") explains the significance of "literature" to convey the truth and educate society。

Secondly，The connotation of “literature” has changed，There were theories about writing style in the Six Dynasties，There is an argument for distinguishing the body，The theory of destined love，Then "literature" begins to pay attention to lyricism and formal beauty in connotation，Respect the writer’s talent and personality，Form an aesthetic tradition with far-reaching influence。This is consistent with the early emphasis on poetics in Western bet365 best casino games，Emphasis on the literary criticism function of “philology”，There are different approaches but the same purpose。In Chinese traditional culture and bet365 best casino games，The highest state of "literaryness"，It is the fusion of individual temperament and interests with the spirit of the entire society or history。

In ancient China，“Literature” preaching the gospel through literature，Cultural people，Assisting government with literature，Lyric expression in writing，Have the responsibility to construct spiritual and social values。“Literature” includes Confucian bet365 best casino games，Also includes research languages、Documentation、Text and various academic methods of constructing theory。Liu Xie's "The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons" includes various classic studies、Including literary creation research，Including Taoist research、Also includes aesthetic analysis，Including both stylistic research、Also includes historical research, etc.，Form a group with bet365 best casino games as its core，Humanistic、Comprehensive "literary" academic system。This system，Inexhaustible in the history of Chinese culture，Repeated responses。For example，"History of Chinese Literature" compiled by Lin Chuanjia for the Capital University in the early 20th century，Adhering to the traditional "literary" concept，Includes a subset of bet365 best casino games and history、The study of text phonology, etc.。

　The value and purpose of Chinese bet365 best casino games education

Ancient "literature" is a discipline with bet365 best casino games as its carrier，About the traditional spirit of the Chinese nation、Culture、Comprehensive knowledge of life，It includes social responsibility、History、Self-cognition，Including the cultivation of individual personality and spirit。Confucius’ so-called “hungry of poetry”，Li Yu Li，成乐"，Reflects his "literary" educational thoughts。"Xing" represents the recognition of values，“Li” represents the formation of behavioral norms，"Cheng" represents the fullness of the spiritual realm，The three stages reflect the gradual improvement of subject cultivation，The whole process of finally achieving a gentleman’s personality。Western bet365 best casino games also attaches great importance to the significance of literature for individual growth，As stated in "Classical Scholarship and Classical Knowledge" in the 19th century，Classical scholars “not only know the language and ideas of their peers by heart”，And identification has been formed，It is good to be friends with ancient philosophers" (Chinese translation of "History of Western Classical Academics" by John Edwin Sands)，This sentence is very similar to Mencius’ saying of “knowing people and judging the world” and “honoring friends”。Of course，Western classical scholars are more interested in knowledge，Care more about the reputation of "erudite"。

Confucius’ three-stage personality education theory，Taking classic literature education as the initial stage of personality development，But with the expansion of classic literature，And changes in the concept of "literature"，Classical education runs through the entire process of traditional scholar education。Due to historical reasons，Confucius highly praised the Book of Songs，Thinks that the Book of Songs contains all thoughts and ideas，So Zixia said in the Book of Songs that "it is as bright as the sun and the moon，The fire is as bright as the mistakes of the stars，There is the way of Yao and Shun，There is the meaning of the three kings" ("Han Shi Wai Zhuan")。After Han Dynasty，Rapid development of classic scholarship，The "Six bet365 best casino games" form a division of labor in cultural and ideological construction，Together they form the core of mainstream social thought，Although specializing in one thing has always been the norm for scholars，But scholars must study and be familiar with all Confucian bet365 best casino games，Form the necessary knowledge and accomplishment。From a social or self-perception perspective，The studies of various scholars can also be supplemented by the Confucian bet365 best casino games。So，The first stage of Confucius’ personality education mainly focuses on Confucian bet365 best casino games and philosophers。

Because "ritual" has a specific era，The normative nature is constantly changing with the times，Social value is also declining，The behavioral norms of scholars in traditional society are mainly reflected in political posture and origin，The main ones that can provide effective education in this regard are historical books。In addition to providing historical lessons for rulers，Mainly records the political behavior and fate of individuals from different classes，So，Studying historical works is actually a political concept、Political Norms、Political strategy training，And be able to learn experiences and lessons from different life forms and destinies，Form your own social behavior pattern。Zuo Zongtang said: "While studying，We need to take a closer look at what the ancients did、Catch one thing，How to think，How to weather，Do things by yourself、When receiving objects，And carefully compared the ancients；If the ancients thought this，How to deal with it，What to do；I do whatever I want，So what?。Then you will see your own mistakes，The principles of bet365 best casino games people first emerged。The book of the ancients must not be used，Doing things with yourself are two different things。”("The Complete Works of Zuo Zongtang·Letters 1") So，For scholars，The purpose of historical education is more to develop the norms and adaptability of social and political behavior。

Confucius’ “achievement in happiness” refers to the creation of a profound and profound spiritual realm，Involving aesthetic education。To this，Confucius has another saying: "Wandering in Art" ("The Analects·Shuer")。Because "乐" is too professional，And the scope of application is small，So later generations replaced music education with classical education such as poetry, songs, and poems。Poetry, poetry and poetry are the basic literacy of ancient scholars，It is also the spiritual hometown of ancient scholars。Ancient Chinese literary bet365 best casino games are very rich，And has a high aesthetic level，Various aesthetic styles、Appreciation theory、The creative theories are very developed，They are ancient Chinese people who use emotions to transform people、Beyond reality、Subliminate yourself、An important way to construct the meaning of life。Chinese culture places this part of the literature in the collection，与经、History、Subparts tied，The canonization of relevant literature is more active、Rich。

In terms of personality education，Traditional classical education also emphasizes the method of "unity of knowledge and action"。Wang Yangming thinks，External knowledge has separated from the true heart，It is easy to be used by selfish desires，Or make people addicted。Only the unity of knowledge and action，Only in order to return to good nature and conscience，Making classical knowledge useful to the world，Useful for yourself，Give bet365 best casino games lively vitality。So，Ancient classic education，Often accompanied by self-experience、Reflection、Mutual learning and social practice。This is also one of the main reasons why ancient classical education was often carried out in the form of academies。

The education of scholars in ancient China was mainly classical education，The three-stage structure of personality is also consistent with the four-part structure of the bet365 best casino games and History subset of classic literature，“Four Parts” all belong to ancient “literature” bet365 best casino games，They are both carriers of culture，It is also a material for character education。The "four parts" classification shows the ancients' systematic approach to "literature" bet365 best casino games、Functional conscious awareness。

Traditional Chinese “literature” and Western bet365 best casino games，In the overall awareness of culture and the inheritance of cultural spirit、Document ontology concept、Interpretation and organization methods, etc.，Having commonalities。The difference is，The classic documents of ancient Chinese "literature" are not limited to the "Six bet365 best casino games"，Also includes excellent works of various types throughout the ages，The "classic" is an open concept；More importantly，Ancient Greek and Roman civilization has ended long ago，Ancient Greek whose bet365 best casino games were written、Latin has also become extinct，Therefore，Intellectual interests of Western classical scholars，The desire to transcend cultural inheritance from time to time，And ancient Chinese "literature" in the past 2000 years，In addition to constructing national ideology and national cultural characteristics，It also hatches multi-level social life and individual spirit，is a constantly evolving、A cultural life form with great creativity。The concept of cultural foundation studies existed in ancient China、Institutions and Practices，Starting from national cultural traditions，Learn from Western bet365 best casino games，Form a unique knowledge system、Discourse system，Only in order to form China’s own classical disciplines，Only in this way can we take on the new mission of inheriting and innovating traditional culture。

　(The author is a professor at the School of Liberal Arts, Beijing Normal bet365 best casino games)