Privacy affects and regulates today's society life，Needless to say，Therefore, there are important philosophical literature focus，The book "Freedom、Equality and Bo Love "，Following the important influence of "Privacy", which has an important influence in Wallen and Branus,，The problem has developed from the concern of the "private life field" to the attention of "independent rights"。But，Looking at privacy research，Western traditional focus on private areas that are separated from the public domain，focus on exploring the value and type of privacy，and little deep exploration about privacy and its nature，Therefore, lack of deep grasp of the historical clues of privacy and development logic。

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Privacy is something related to yourself，The private part of the self -extension is restricted by culture，The development of the main relationship is defined。Therefore，Privacy concept is the product of the development of human self -consciousness，and continue to evolve with the development of society，and there are different ways of expression in different social and cultural backgrounds。

First，Cognitive basis generated by privacy。The development of human consciousness has gone through the process of "group consciousness" to "self -awareness" to "subject consciousness"。Initial，Human beings are in the "Square Consciousness" stage，Consciousness is just a consciousness that can perceive the environment around，It is a kind of consciousness of the narrow connection between others and other people who are aware of themselves.，It is a pure animal -like consciousness in nature。This stage，People have not formed a personal unique self -consciousness，No shameful heart，Nothing to privacy，Freedom and dignity cannot talk about。Self -consciousness，It comes from the reflection of the world of sensuality and consciousness，Essentially from the return of other things，It returns to itself，I realized it in its other party。Therefore，Starting from "Self -consciousness"，People can directly distinguish themselves from other things，and can make your life activity itself become Bet365 app download the object of your own consciousness。No doubt，Accompanied by self -consciousness, especially the generation of free consciousness，The concept of shame and privacy began to germinate。With the development of self -consciousness，People can not only consciously conscious，and constantly create and generate your own life，Realize free development。In this way，Self -consciousness is essentially free consciousness。Free consciousness is the main consciousness of self，It is the main body of the human body and the main position of its own、Consciousness of the main ability and subject value。With the establishment of subject consciousness and the development of practice，People can not only distinguish themselves from the outside world in practice，I can also realize my status and ability，Then divide the individual area with "sex for me" among the groups，Privacy belongs to "I"，The characteristics of privacy are just premise that humans can understand and distinguish their relationship with the world。

Next，Social foundation generated by privacy。Consciousness was the product of society from the beginning，It is based on the "essence of the human class" that the nature of his social nature，Therefore, the privacy concept of self -consciousness is naturally inseparable from social situations。American philosopher Made believes，"Self -consciousness" is an object of himself by taking the attitude of others in an organized social relationship background.，If the individual is not a object of his own，Then he will not have self -consciousness at all。To realize myself，People must become their own object，Enter your own experience as an object，and only through social means，Only by adopting the attitude of others，Talents can become one of their own objects。Visible，Self -consciousness is a social attitude that people take by themselves。So，It is not difficult to understand，When people start to examine themselves from a social perspective or other perspective，Privacy Concept Fang may。Therefore，The concept of privacy not only comes from the awakening of self -consciousness，The review and revelation from the perspective of others。At the same time，Because people are the subject of self -consciousness，Only after some information is known to others and feels insulted。Because bet365 best casino games people can realize that they can be the object of being reviewed，Can be the focus of attention of others or the public，This has produced a new self -consciousness，This consciousness is hostile。Stanley Benn believes that the new hostile consciousness is people’s privacy awareness。We can not only realize，and be able to realize what kind of social situation we are，The more important thing is，We can also respond to that social situation in our own actions，This reaction is both the awakening of self -consciousness，At the same time is the attitude of the social community，The attitude of awakening the community in self -consciousness。Therefore，In this way，The privacy concept of self -consciousness is exactly the internalization of the attitude of social community。

Last，Cultural basis for privacy。Defining privacy is extremely difficult，Because privacy is a concept of strong correlation with culture。English Culture's word source is Latin Cultus，The original meaning is "farming"，Extension of the meaning of educating and getting rid of the natural state and longing for a long time。Mr. Xu Zhongshu, an ancient Chinese writer, believes，"Private" is a farm tool，From 厶，Elephant 耒耜 耜 耜，It is the farmer used to cultivate，As a private tool。The source of the Chinese character "Private" indicates，"Private" with both practical means and the meaning of the subject，The former is a human cultural survival method，The latter is the ownership of a person's creative object。American anthropologist Hesco Vitz also thinks，Culture is a tool for individuals to adapt to its entire environment，is a means to express its creativity。From the above, it can be seen，The concept of privacy is inseparable from the cultural survival method of people。The most fundamental difference between humans and animals is conscious practical activities，The product of social practice is the way of human culture。Practical activities make people's essential objectization，Instead of intuitive itself in the world created by people，Confirm the nature of "self -sex"; at the same time，Make nature humanization，Turning naturally for my work and reality，Generate the cultural world of "sex for me"。It is not difficult to see from "belonging to me" and "for me"，The source of privacy in human cultural bet365 live casino games survival。Culture is the inherent essence of human beings，Objective activity through self -consciousness，Make humans from inevitable king to Liberty Kingdom，Reflecting human and natural control ability and its freedom of the border，This is exactly the foundation of privacy "for me"。Then look at it，Culture is the essential power of people，Prove it with practical activities，The former reflects the subjectivity and freedom of consciousness，The latter reflects power and transformation ability，Therefore, the culture is expressed to some extent as the will of power。Analysis above can be seen，Privacy concept has a certain cultural basis，At the same time, due to the power characteristics of culture, it has power attributes。

　　Basic nature of privacy

With the development of society，Self -consciousness leaps towards the subject consciousness，Awakening of subject consciousness makes people start to examine and establish their status，Actively maintain the individual's freedom and dignity，The concept of privacy occurs as follows。Therefore，Cognitive basis from privacy、Social foundation and cultural foundation.，Privacy has three basic properties: subjectivity、Social and power。

First，The subjectivity of privacy，Reflecting independent personality。The subject can realize that you are the master of your own destiny and have an independent personality that is not attached to others。Hannah Antter thinks，In the emotions of the ancients，The word "privacy" is very important for the privacy，It essentially means deprivation of something，It is even deprived of the highest level of people's ability、The state of the most people。Therefore，We talk about privacy，In essence, it is a confirmation of the subjectivity of people。Protecting privacy，It is to resist the inner field of people's inherent domains，Related to "unbroken personality"。American scholar Brustine believes that this principle contains personal dignity and integrity、Individual uniqueness and personal autonomy，Affairs that violates our privacy will threaten our freedom as individual。Brustine studied the reasons for the "Privacy" for Wallen and Branus，The media who think they are worried about promoting private life will destroy personal dignity and integrity，Weaken personal freedom Bet365 app download and independence。So，Brustine defines the essence of people as dignity、Individual of autonomy and independence，and point out，"A person who is completely supervised by the public will lose his uniqueness、Autonomy and his self -consciousness as an independent individual，In short，Lost his moral personality "。Visible，Privacy is extremely important for maintaining the subjectivity。According to Sat's point of view，When we encounter others，Aware that I am a trial object，This will make us re -understand ourselves，and seeks a freedom to do unlimited behavior; break free from "existence for the object of others"，It is equivalent to planning to realize the world that others do not exist。In terms of this meaning，Privacy is this world，Is the boundary of self and freedom，Its nature lies in the defense of subjectivity。Visible，Privacy is the basic element of respecting people，As Steinley Benn said，Because we are a rational individual，instead of because we are just a storage person with pain or pleasant response，So our privacy should be respected。In fact，Pay attention to privacy can make the subject realize that they are independent existences with moral value，Direction of the meaning of finding life for human beings。

Next，Society of privacy，Social distance。Privacy is the product of society，Is in a certain social life，Looking at its own results based on social perspective。Privacy is not born，Instead of gradually developing，It is the result of establishing and adjusting individual and social relations in social life。Therefore，Discussion on privacy mainly focuses on social relations。Jeffrey Lehman thinks，Privacy is an important part of social practice，Through this social practice，The society recognizes the existence of individuals，and communicate with individuals，Let individuals realize that my existence is taken for granted。Lehman speculation，A person’s self -consciousness，It can not be developed outside the social system，Can't survive outside the social system，This social institutional teaching and domination of people know how to know others。Keeping distance in social communication is useful，According to Made's understanding，Self -concept is given to us by social interaction，Therefore, considering bet365 best casino games that there are unique threats and dangers in social relations，Participants need to keep themselves autonomy and self -esteem，Keeping distance helps part and temporarily protect yourself，Because it is too intimate, it will breed threats。Murphy studied the reasons why the Tutuigans wearing veils for a long time，It is found that they keep a distance from the outside world through the veil，To maintain your own privacy。Therefore，In terms of privacy，Social distance is the boundary of the self。So far，It is not difficult to find it，Self -concept, although it is given by society，But at the same time, it is threatened by society，Therefore, the existence of privacy has the value of survival theory。American scholar Westin's research on animals also shows this: the survival of animals has small groups or live alone，This is similar to humans。"The research on the territory even shattered the romantic concept of knowing that the bird singing or the monkey screaming is purely for the fun of" animal life fun "。Actually，Alert to the scope of the private territory of animals，Warning possible invaders，This is often an open appeal about privacy。”

Last，Power of privacy，Reflecting the subject freedom。Privacy originated from human cultural survival，The meaning of "the will of power" in Nietzsche，equivalent。Anthony Gedenus thinks，Power combination with human action logically，Power emphasizes the effect of action，The tendency of power equivalent to freedom。Therefore，Culture and power have interconnection，​​Power concept refers to the ability to do something and the actual exercise of this ability，equivalent to the ability to "make significant changes in the outside world"。Logically，The original concept of privacy is a simple state of private，that is, do not share experience with anyone else。A more complicated variant concept of privacy is such a "state"，Among them, there is no sharing，or although there are shared，But just because the subject wants to share，Therefore, privacy is a kind of power。As a state of allowable sharing，Privacy concept naturally leads to as a controlling person to control others (private places，Information or activity) ability or power。So，Privacy is a ability to maintain a private state or relaxing state，The degree of freedom Bet365 lotto review of the subject。Power reflects the ability of the subject to realize，Because the subject has this ability，The right of the subject can be protected。In terms of this meaning，Power means right。Therefore，Privacy is both the power that maintains its own state，At the same time, it is also the right that the subject should enjoy。If a person has the ability to decide whether to maintain a private state，Then he enjoys rights，That is "the right to human personality"。

As the core concept of today's society，Privacy is affected by different society and culture，There are many different forms，But with similar origin、Nature，Impact and regulation of our experience of social life。The survival situation of modern technology makes us face unprecedented privacy crisis。The historical generation of exploring the concept of privacy、Basic nature，The purpose is to awaken people's consciousness and alertness of privacy，Provide a reasonable foundation and effective defense for people to protect their emotions and intellectual spaces，To promote the self -survival of the individual and the harmonious development of society。

　　(Author Unit: School of Philosophy of Anhui University; School of Humanities at Southeast University)