Thinking of early humans，We know very little。But the ruins of prehistoric human activities that have been discovered seem to be silently proved: once a person becomes a person，I have preliminary thinking ability。Since the appearance of humans on this planet，At least in relatively simple and most general sense，People have always been logically thinking。The logic in this sense is a natural logic，It is naturally appearing，No need to be invented。For example，About the same nature of people; about the same object at the same time in two different spaces; the concept of the same statement that cannot be in the same time at the same time is both true and false，All these are certain today、self -clear and irrefutable understanding，It also exists in early human activities。What is the cultural environment of logic? Human knowledge level、Evaluation criteria for epistemology，Especially what kind of critical point of human abstract thinking ability of human beings will produce logic? For these questions，It is difficult to give a precise answer。Because I asked when humans made the first reasoning，The reason for its effectiveness or based on it (principle，We just say that this person has discovered or created logic)，is meaningless。But this does not mean that the origin of the logic is an unable to explore。

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According to the view of paleontologists，The earliest abstract thinking of human beings appeared about 700,000 years ago，The evidence and the corresponding inference are，At that time, the proportion of each part of the stone hand -made ax had been roughly set，This indicates that the minds of the primitive people have formed the shape of the Bet365 app download shape of the hand ax。They also further inference: A sharp stone can pierce the animal skin，Human fingers or teeth cannot be achieved，This is already inference。

Due to the reasoning ability，Human beings can specify from the facts directly observed，So get recognition，We call this understanding as an indirect understanding。For example，A hunter hunt in the forest，I never heard，I have never seen whether there is a bear in front of me，But he found large scratches on the ground，I believe there are bears in the cave，This is a reasoning。The earliest inference is this that is produced。

The history of recorded human reasoning is much earlier than we think。About 1 million years ago，Human ancestors left "If I hide it，Sword tooth tiger will not eat me，Now I am hiding，They can’t eat me。"" This description means deep and long，It answered why humans evolved out of the logical thinking ability that beyond other species.。The origin of the logic is probably related to the ability to adapt to and transform the environment of people。Logical thinking helps to threaten、Hunting、Finding, etc., such as a decisive role in the survival and reproduction of creatures，Make correct and fast judgment，to effectively guide our activities。

The reason why humans are thinking in a logical way，It is also effective because humans cannot violate the laws of logic，What people can't even imagine the non -logical thinking。The former Socrates philosopher in ancient Greece has clearly realized that violating logic means ridiculous and contradictions，absurdity and contradiction means unreal。Wittgenstein once said that we cannot imagine the reason for the world's violation of logic，It's just what we can't say a non -logical world。

　　Assume that the origin of the logic can be included in the human understanding of nature，Language with rational rationality、Thinking connects with the world，The rational system of logic represents the real nature。At the same time，Logic as a set of procedures that reflect on rationality also originated from the rational construction of human beings，Special structure derived from the human brain。

The origin of the logic can also be from logic and the world、The relationship between logic and the soul cut in。Most philosophers think，Like all knowledge branches，Logic is in the world，again in people's hearts，Its two foundations are interconnected。

Logic in the world，It means that it is the rule describing the world，The foundation is authentic，That is to comply with strict truth standards、Evidence and facts。Aristotle expressed in his "Settlement of School" that logic can effectively and harmoniously incorporate human understanding of nature，Language with rational rationality、Thinking connects with the world。From the eyes of Aristotle，The rational system of logic represents the real nature。Thought、Language and reality are homogeneous，So carefully considering what we say can help us understand the original face of things。Start with a simple description of specific things，We can finally gather information，To achieve a comprehensive understanding of the world。

But the logic reflects that the world must meet some specific conditions，If things and events in the world must have the characteristics of or false or false propositions。So，If logic is applied to establish facts，Then the universe must be presented as a entity that can reflect the true and false attributes of propositions，Even everything between the universe and the universe must be in line with the logical interpretation principle。Although this is a very popular concept，But the series of problems caused by it still cannot afford to scrutinize in some ways。It ignores a essential fact，That is, our so -called logic is the logic constructed by the human brain。When we discuss the form of logic，The consideration bet365 live casino games of the human brain can be irrelevant，But if it involves the concept of logic，is not like this，Logic concept is the product of the human brain，Logic exists in the heart of human beings，It should reflect the characteristics of the human brain。The problem here is converted to，Human thinking -or we can say that human brain -how to grasp the logic of logic，What is the relationship between the real abstract world of human brain and logic。At the same time，Logic in the mind means the rules of logic describing the thinking of rational people，But in turn, we may also say，Logic is conceived in various ways，As a kind of abstract as a natural language、As the rule of thought、As a regulation of human rationality, etc.，This implies a certain subjective or inter -subjectivity of the logic。In this sense，Logic obviously depends on people，The logic of rationality may depend on actual human thinking or concepts in some essential way。The basis of logic is the concept、Priority、Standards for Linguistics。

　　Assume that 3: Yuan cognition is not a necessary condition for cognition，However, cognition is a necessary condition for meta -cognition; the use of early Greeks for inference does not mean that they have sorted out a logical ideological context，From a rough skill to a science is a long process。

In the long time of human life，People think of themselves，and the characteristics of these thinking activities -recognition of the correctness of thinking，Is unconscious、non -reflection、Naturalism，They do not consider the abstract principles contained in the logic used，No clear consciousness of logic。Although they use the logic technology of demonstration and refutation，But know nothing about the logical principles and procedures of certain dominance arguments and refutation，Just like digestion food but do bet365 live casino games not understand the physiological process necessary for digestion。

The former Aristotle philosopher will look at，Logic situation is similar to the situation of epistemology，Philosophers do not make any discussion on the conditions of human cognition possibilities，It is self -settled to solve the most fundamental problem of the origin of the universe; they are also in the context of lack of a mind awareness，With intuition，Naturally and correctly use deductive reasoning and argument。The birth of the logic of Aristotle did not change people's way of using logic，It changes people's evaluation of logic。

The development of human cognition also indirectly proves this fact。Before the linguistics is generated，Humans can already use language correctly and effectively，Entering various communication activities。This basic facts once again confirm an important cognitive phenomenon，That is, metal cognition is not a necessary condition generated by cognition。Turn in turn，Cognition is a necessary condition for meta -cognition。But there is a difference to be clear: Linguistics is to apply rationality to communication、Natural process of discourse activities，and logic is to apply rationality to rationality itself。This application requires people to reflect on the thinking process of themselves and others。

　　Assuming 4: The use of logic is inseparable from the use of reasoning，Because only in the use of reasoning can people encounter problems such as "effectiveness" or "consistency"，Only when these problems occur repeatedly，can attract people's attention。But logic is not an empirical science，Before the reflection of reasoning activities, the intervention，The logical problem of the system will not occur。Only when people thoroughly examine the complex relationship between the form and content of the argument，and the departure point in the form of demonstration，Gives a systematic processing of a systematic relationship，can provide a fundamental description for the birth of logic。

One basic condition generated by logic is to discover and use reasoning。Although the logic is affected by several factors，But fundamentally，Only in the use of reasoning and reasoning，People will encounter typical logical problems such as "effectiveness" and "consistency"，Only when these problems occur repeatedly，Only will it arouse people's attention and thinking about them，Only when the reasoning is accumulated to a considerable amount and new reasoning is continuously created，People will find that different reasoning is determined by different connection methods between different proposition types and propositions，Entry and people can from a large number of reasoning instances，Abstracts that their general working principles and basic features of these principles。

but，We can’t think that the use of reasoning will naturally lead to logic production。From Aristotle's "Tool Theory"，Especially his "Previous Analysis Article"，Logical research is not mainly in collecting reasoning and argumenting materials for human life，Instead, the principle based on these reasoning and proof、Methods and procedures for thinking and verification。Because logic is a theoretical science rather than empirical science，Although the research on reasoning cannot be separated from the inspection of specific reasoning，But as shown in logical history，Before the reflection of reasoning activities, before the intervention of intervention，Logical activities have never surpassed the specific application。Before the correctness (or false) of the thought itself，Logic is impossible to produce。Because logic is not just proposed or described effective reasoning，And systematic research on effective reasoning Bet365 lotto review rules，What can only be introduced for one or more statements with a established logical structure，Can't introduce any clear rules and regulations，instead of relying on intuition to decide -this is only a complex relationship between the form and content of the argumentation form，and the Bet365 app download departure point in the form of demonstration，For the formal treatment of the effectiveness or the posterior relationship -can it provide a substantial description for logic。

　　(Author Unit: Department of Philosophy of Suzhou University)