Susan Sontag’s article “Against bet365 apuestas” was written in 1964，Later (1966-1967) collected with 25 other critical articles，Published in the United States and the United Kingdom respectively。Whether it is from other articles in the collection such as "On Style", "The Artist as a Model of the Sufferer", "The Death of Tragedy", "Notes on "Camp"", "A Culture and a New Sensibility", etc. look，Or judging from her later writings such as "The Metaphor of Disease" and "On Photography"，"Against bet365 apuestas" is a programmatic article，Other writings are to a large extent the development and specific practice of the core idea of ​​"opposition to bet365 apuestas"。

As the title of the article indicates，Susan Sontag in "Against bet365 apuestas"，In a pioneering manner，Explicitly expressed opposition to “bet365 apuestas”，Think that form of neglect，Only focus on content，Strive to search without limit、Explanation that reveals the meaning behind the text，It is "revenge", "offense", "rob" and "invasion" of art。She calls for the abandonment of this bet365 apuestas，Replaced by a "transparent" criticism。This anti-traditional stance was a response to the American avant-garde art of the time，As Susan Sontag said in the preface to the 1996 edition of Against bet365 apuestas，Decade of the 1960s，“Fresh permission is in the air，The old concept of hierarchy has been weakened，And will fall apart”，“Opposition to bet365 apuestas” is a kind of shuttle between elite culture and popular culture，The power to break cultural boundaries。Critic Ihab Hassan commented on "Against bet365 apuestas" as "a refusal to date"、Refuse to be outdated” articles。However，Times have changed，Popular culture, which was still in its infancy at that time, has already become the mainstream of world culture，In the eyes of Susan Sontag, films that are not subject to “bet365 apuestas harassment” because they are “fresh” have already become another type of high culture。Looking back at “Opposition to bet365 apuestas” today，Regardless of whether it refuses to become obsolete，It has become history；No matter how it opposes bet365 apuestas，It must be included in the academic genealogy of hermeneutics，This requires exploring its hermeneutical value in a way that Susan Sontag objected to。

　Looking at bet365 apuestas and interpretive history historically

Although Susan Sontag’s “anti-bet365 apuestas” had a “groundbreaking” effect at the time，But everything happens for a reason，Historically, there has always been the concept of “anti-bet365 apuestas” accompanying “bet365 apuestas”。Doubt and denial of meaning and history，Starting from Nietzsche and gradually becoming a trend，Make "opposition to bet365 apuestas" gradually appear from concealment，So much so that there have been a large number of deconstruction and knowledge archeology works，To dismantle the construction of history。However, the paradox is，All those who oppose history are deconstructing history by returning to history，It can be seen that "history" and "historical perspective" cannot be confused。The same paradox exists in "Against bet365 apuestas"，Susan Sontag takes Marx’s socio-historical criticism as the target of criticism，And in her own sharp article，But it reflects the historical perspective of bet365 apuestas。

In "Against bet365 apuestas"，Susan Sontag gave a rough but comprehensive overview of the history of art，Constructs a historical framework for her discussion of bet365 apuestas。Under this framework，She has always had a clear historical awareness of bet365 apuestas。She thinks，“bet365 apuestas itself must be evaluated within a historical view of human consciousness。In certain cultural contexts，bet365 apuestas is a liberating act。It is a means of rewriting and evaluating the dead past，It is a means of escaping from the dead past。In other cultural contexts，It is reactionary、Absurd、Cowardly and rigid”。Among them，There are three points worthy of attention: First，Interpretations must be evaluated within history。Neither history nor bet365 apuestas are pre-existing，bet365 apuestas is part of history，While constructing history, we are also constructed by history。Therefore，Examine any interpretive theory、Behavior，Must have a historical perspective and corresponding context。Second，bet365 apuestas is a means of connecting the past and the present。How to live in the present with tradition？How people exist historically？Past、How to connect the present and the future？The medium in between is "bet365 apuestas"，This is why Heidegger and Gadamer gave bet365 apuestas ontological significance。The “past” is not “dead” as Susan Sontag believed，Only the past that is not continued to be “interpreted” by contemporary people will truly die。Third，Flowing Pioneerness。Becoming a "cliché" is the fate of a pioneer，The same goes for bet365 apuestas。In a different context，As history changes，bet365 apuestas that once served as a boost to the development of art，It may become a hindrance to the development of art，This is why Susan Sontag opposed “bet365 apuestas”。Be able to correctly understand the pioneering nature of this flow of bet365 apuestas，It is the premise for us to objectively understand and judge various theories and schools in the history of hermeneutics。

　　Constructing a hermeneutics of era texts

Since bet365 apuestas is a historical act，As an act of concrete bet365 apuestas、The "bet365 apuestas" of a viewpoint cannot always be a "positive energy"。Then，In the ever-changing development，What is the basis for the bet365 apuestas of "change" and "unchanged" and "how to change"？Susan Sontag pointed out in analyzing how bet365 apuestas focused on content and meaning occurs，After the "realistic" worldview brought about by scientific enlightenment disintegrated the influence and credibility of myths，“Explanation Comes When Called，To adapt ancient texts to modern requirements”。here，We must focus on “modern requirements”。As mentioned above，bet365 apuestas as a medium connecting history and present，The starting point is "now"，Adapting to “modern requirements” is a mission of bet365 apuestas。In Susan Sontag’s opinion，There are two ways to explain how to adapt to modern requirements，The one she opposes，Explanation of the meaning of existence as a rigid system，“The preservation of ancient texts considered too precious to be discarded...regardless of how much the interpreter may have altered the text，They must all claim that they simply read the meaning that originally existed in the text”。This can be said to be the issue of “forced bet365 apuestas” that is currently hotly discussed in the field of hermeneutics。In this sense，What Susan Sontag objected to was not so much “bet365 apuestas”，It is better to say "forced bet365 apuestas"，Because this bet365 apuestas has no reverence for the text，Completely "destroying" the text。And another way，It is in line with the current avant-garde text，To create a match with the text，bet365 apuestas that can help the development of art。“bet365 apuestas doesn’t always work…to escape bet365 apuestas，Art can become parody。Or it can be turned into abstract art。Or can be turned into decorative art。”Visible，The reason why Susan Sontag wants to "oppose bet365 apuestas" and establish a so-called new "criticism"，The fundamental reason lies in the parody of the new by the old bet365 apuestas、Abstract、Decorative Art，And the title musical avant-garde work、New artistic styles such as movies have lost their ability to interpret。simultaneously，Susan Sontag also pointed out，“All the conditions of modern life—its material abundance、It’s crowded—tangled together，Dulling our sensory functions。To establish the critic’s task，Must be based on our own feelings、The condition of our own perception (as opposed to the feelings and perceptions of another era)"。here，“This era and not another era” is the key point we must grasp，That is, the current era and the pioneering texts produced in this era are the ultimate basis for explaining development and changes。

However，There is one thing that needs to be pointed out，That is, there is always a tension between text and bet365 apuestas。Compare to text，bet365 apuestas is derivative，It can also be said that there is a second nature。But this definitely does not mean that it is not proactive，Only this tension exists，Interpretive talent as a driving force or resistance to artistic development，rather than powerless。Concreteness of text、Reality、Presentity，Also means its perishability and privateness，The explanation exists more in a theoretical way，its abstractness、Generalization is easier to spread，Even evolved into a rule，Sealing living art in the form of specimens、Inheritance。Maybe it will eventually become a shackles，Not so vivid，But out of concreteness、Abstract，It is indeed a way of cultural inheritance。Because of this，We cannot blindly oppose bet365 apuestas，But continue to develop interpretations。

　"Against bet365 apuestas" and "Reversal" "Against bet365 apuestas"

In the context of the era when American avant-garde culture is prevalent，Susan Sontag via “Camp” and “New Sensibility”，Intended to establish her “artistic eroticism”。It can be said，Susan Sontag embraced photography with sufficient optimism and enthusiasm、New media forms such as movies and popular culture, a rebellious cultural force，“Against bet365 apuestas” and “Art Pornography” can be said to be texts that conformed to the times at that time。However，Today, nearly 60 years later，Popular Culture、New media has developed explosively in an "implosion" way，To everyone、The coercion of all cultures has far exceeded people’s expectations and imagination。In the chain of business and capital，As Baudrillard pointed out，The media will only cater to the public，And the public just wants to be entertained、Entertainment、Escape and essentially stay in the same place，They reject meaning，I don’t want to create meaning either；The media and the public join forces，Common resistance to meaning and its bet365 apuestas。In this context that is too "pornographic" and "entertaining to death"，The bet365 apuestas is to join the carnival crowd，We still need to sound the alarm at the right time，And try to discover and promote a new art form？Starting from Susan Sontag’s position back then，The answer is obviously the latter。Therefore，Facing the information explosion、Difficult to tell true from false、Rejection of depth of reality，How to establish a new hermeneutics has become a topic worth discussing。

1960s，Susan Sontag in “Objection”，Replace old interpretations with new criticisms，This is a typical modernist approach。One of the characteristics of modernism is that it is in the constant process of replacing the “old” with the “new”，Be critical of the past、Negative attitude。This caused a rupture in history，It is easy to go from one extreme to another。Although Susan Sontag was deeply influenced by Nietzsche，But on how to get out of history，She and Nietzsche took different paths。Italian scholar Gianni Vattimo once pointed out，Nietzsche adopted a moderate attitude towards historical issues in his later period，Because he saw that it was impossible to solve modern problems in a modern way。Therefore，From Nietzsche to Heidegger，They developed a different approach to "opposing"，i.e. "twist"。“The word ‘twist’ means a ‘transcendence’，Accepted，also deepening。Also means，It is both a kind of ‘cure’, ‘gradual recovery’ or ‘recovery’，Also a ‘deformation’，or ‘turn’。”This kind of proposition shows a mild revolutionary nature，To heal history in the process of returning to history，And generate new power on its basis。In terms of hermeneutics，History that denies all interpretations，It is not difficult to create a new pattern，But this has proven not to be a successful approach。What we call “reversing ‘against bet365 apuestas’”，It is precisely to prompt such a direction，That is, to improve the comprehensive ability of bet365 apuestas in an inclusive way。Today，Explanation must face information technology、Artificial Intelligence、New text and art forms，Must explain the present and future of popular culture，Even find a new way out of the postmodern dilemma。

　　(Author’s unit: "Social Science Front" magazine of Jilin Academy of Social Sciences)