Susan Santag's article "Opposition Interpretation" was written in 1964，Later (1966-1967) and 25 other criticism articles together，Published in the United States and the United Kingdom。Whether it is other articles in the collections such as "On the Style", "Artists of the Fund as the victims", "The Destiny of Tragedy", "Notes on" Kamp "," A Culture and New Affairs ", etc. look，From her later writing such as "Metaphor of Diseases" and "On Photography",，"Opposition Interpretation" is a programmatic article，Other writings are largely expanded and specific practices of the core point of "opposition interpretation"。

As shown in the article title，Susan Santag in the article "Opposition"，With a pioneering attitude，Clear opposition to "Interpretation"，Think of that kind of neglect form，Pay attention to the content，Find unlimited search、Explanation of the meaning behind the text，It is the "revenge", "offense", "robbery" and "attack" of art。She calls to abandon this interpretation，On behalf of a "transparent" criticism。This anti -traditional posture was a response to the US pioneer art at that time，As Susan Santag said in the preface of the 1996 edition of "Opposition"，In the ten years of the 1960s，"Fresh licenses are filled everywhere in the air，The concept of the old level has weakened，and will fall apart "，"Opposition Explanation" is a kind of shuttle between elite culture and mass culture，The power to break the boundaries of cultural boundaries。Critic Ihab Hassan commented on "Opposition Interpretation" as "Refusing to indicate the date、Refusing Over -out "article。But，Time to move，Popular culture, which was in the budding state at the time of fashion, bet365 live casino games has long become the mainstream of world culture，Susan Santag's eyes that have not been "explained and harassed" in the eyes of Susan Santag have also become another elegant culture。Looking back today "Opposition Interpretation"，Whether it refuses to be outdated，It has become history; no matter how it opposes interpretation，It must be included in the academic spectrum of interpretation，This requirement to explore its interpretation value in the way of Susan Santag's opposition。

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Susan Santag's "Opposition Interpretation" at the time had the effect of "Shi Bo Tian"，But there is a cause in things，The concept of "opposition interpretation" has always been accompanied by "interpretation" in history。Doubt and negation of meaning and history，Since Nietzsche, it gradually become a trend，Make "opposition interpretation" from hidden，Even if a lot of deconstruction and knowledge archeological work appeared，To disassemble the construction of history。But the paradox is，All these people who oppose history are in a way to return history to deconstruct history，It can be seen that "history" and "the perspective of history" cannot be confused。"Opposition Interpretation" also exists in such a paradox，Susan Santag criticized Marx's social history as a target for criticism，In her sharp article，However, the historical vision of the interpretation is reflected everywhere。

In "Opposition Interpretation"，Susan Santag made some of the history of art.，A historical framework for her discussion on interpretation。Under this framework，She has always had a clear historical consciousness about interpretation。She thinks，"Explaining itself must be evaluated in a historical view of human consciousness。In some cultural context，Explanation is a kind of liberation behavior。It is a means of rewriting and evaluating the past of death，It is a means of escaping from the dead。In other cultural context，bet365 live casino games It is reaction、absurd、Cowardly and rigid "。where，There are three points worthy of attention: first，Explanation must be placed in history to evaluate。History and interpretation are not the first thing，Explanation is part of history，At the same time of constructing history, it is also constructed by history。Therefore，Examine any interpretation theory、Behavior，Must have historical vision and corresponding context。2，Explanation is a means of China Unicom's past and present。How to live in the present? How does a person exist in history?、How to connect with the future? The medium in the middle is "Explanation"，This is also the reason that Heidegger and Gadamer given interpretation for the existence of the argument。"Past" is not as "dead"，Only the past without contemporary people will really die。third，Pioneer of flow。Become "Frequent Talk" is the fate of pioneer，Explanation is the same as the same。In different contexts，With the changes in history，Interpretation of the help of art development，It may become the resistance of art development，This is why Susan Santag's opposition to "interpretation"。The pioneer of this flow that can be correctly explained，It is the prerequisite for our objective understanding and judgment to explain all the doctrines and genres in the history of academic history。

　　Construction of a text interpretation of the times

Since interpretation is a historical behavior，As a specific interpretation behavior、"Explanation" of the point of view cannot always be a "positive energy"。So，In the rapid development，What are the basis for "changes" and "unchanged" and "how to change"? When Susan Santag pointed out when analyzing how the interpretation of content and meaning happened，The "realist" world view brought by scientific enlightenment has disintegrated the influence and credibility of myths，"Explain the call comes，to make ancient Bet365 app download texts suitable for modern requirements "。Here，We need to focus on "modern requirements"。As described above，Explanation as the history of China Unicom and the current media，The foothold is "Now"，Adaptation to "Modern Requirements" is an interpretation of a mission。From the perspective of Susan Santag，There are two ways to explain the way to adapt to modern requirements，One is what she opposed，interpretation of the meaning of the existence of a rigid system，"Reserve the ancient texts that are considered too precious and not abandoned by repairing the renovation ... No matter how much the interpreter has to change the text，They must claim that they just read the meaning that originally existed in the text "。This can be said to be the problem of "compulsory interpretation" that the academic community is discussed at the moment。In this sense，Susan Santag's opposition is "interpretation"，It is better to say "forced interpretation"，Because this interpretation has no devotion to the text，It is completely "destruction" of the text。and another way，It is in line with the current text that is pioneering，To establish a consistency with the text，Explanation that can help art development。"Explanation does not always work ... In order to avoid interpretation，Art can become a drama imitation。or can be turned into abstract art。or can be turned into decorative arts。""，Susan Santag's reason why they "oppose interpretation" to build a so -called new "criticism"，The fundamental reason is that the old interpretation of the new drama、Abstract、Decorative art，and title music -like pioneer works、Film and other new art styles Lost the ability to interpret。At the same time，Susan Santag also pointed out，"All conditions of modern life -richness of its material、It is crowded -the entanglement is together，Passed our sensory function。To establish the task of critics，Must bet365 best casino games be based on our own feelings、The condition of our own perception (not the feeling and perception of another era) "。Here，"This era rather than another era" is the focus we must grasp，That is, the pioneer text that the current era and this era are the ultimate basis for interpretation of development and changes。

But，One thing to point out a special point，That is, there is always a tension between text and interpretation。Compared with text，Explanation is derivative，It can also be said to have the second sex。But this is definitely not to say that it does not have initiative，Only this tension exists，Explanation can be used as a driving force or resistance for art development，Not weak。The specificity of the text、Reality、At present，It also means its vulnerable and personal nature，Explain more in the theoretical way，Abstract、Summary is more likely to spread，Even evolved into a rule，Seal the live art in the form of specimen、Inheritance。Perhaps it will eventually become a kind of 桎梏，Not so fresh，But out of specificity、With abstraction，It is indeed a way of cultural inheritance。Also because of this，We cannot blindly oppose interpretation，continuous development explanation。

　"Opposition Interpretation" and "Turn" and "Oppose Interpretation"

Under the background of the prevalence of the American pioneer culture，Susan Santag passed "Camp Nou" and "New Feelability"，I want to build her "Art Eroticology"。It can be said，Susan Santag was hugged photography with sufficient optimism and enthusiasm at the time、Film and other new media forms and popular culture, such as rebellion,，"Opposition Interpretation" and "Art Eroticology" at the time can be described as conforming to the text of the times。But，Today in the past 60 years，Volkswagen Culture、New media has developed in a "internal explosion" way，For everyone、All cultures have far exceeded people’s expectations bet365 live casino games and imagination。In the chain of business and capital，As Podricia pointed out，Media will only cater to the public，and the public just want to recreate、Entertainment、Escape and essentially refurbishment in the original field，They refuse meaning，I don’t want to produce significance; the media is joined forces with the public，Explanation of common resistance and meaning。Under the context of being too "porn" and "entertainment to death"，Explanation is to add the carnival crowd，Still ring the alarm clock in time，and focus on discovering and promoting a new art form? Starting from Susan Santag's position of the year，The answer is obviously the latter。Therefore，Facing information explosion、It is difficult to distinguish between true and false、Real reality of refusing to depth，How to build a new interpretation is a topic worth exploring。

The 1960s，Susan Santaig's way of "opposition"，Use new criticism to replace the old interpretation，This is a typical modernist method。One of the major features of modernism is that in the process of continuous "new" "old"，For the past, hold a criticism、Attitude。This has caused a break of history，It is easy to move from one extreme to another。Although Susan Santag was profoundly affected by Nietzsche，But how to get out of history，She has taken a different way from Nietzsche。Italian scholar Jenny Vatimo has pointed out，Nietzsche adopted a mild attitude towards historical issues in the later period，Because he sees a modern way to solve modern problems, it is impossible。Therefore，From Nietzsche to Heidel，They develop a different way from "opposition"，"Turn"。"The word 'reversal' means a" transcendence '，Both acceptance，It is also deepening。At the same time, it also means，It is both a ‘cure’ ‘gradual heal’ or ‘recovery’，It is also a kind of ‘deformation’bet365 live casino games ，or ‘rotation’。"This claim shows a gentle revolutionary，Cure history in the process of returning history，and make new power on it。In terms of explanation,，Decisure all the history of interpretation，Re -manufacturing a new trick is not difficult，But this has proven to be a way of success。Our so -called "reversing 'opposition interpretation'"，It is to remind you that such a direction，That is to improve the comprehensive ability of interpretation in a tolerance way。Today，Explanation must face information technology、Artificial Intelligence、New text and art form，It must explain the present and future of popular culture，I even found a new way to go out of modern difficulties。

　　(Author Unit: "Social Science Front" magazine of Jilin Provincial Academy of Social Sciences)