Editor’s note: Mr. Chen Xianda is a famous contemporary Chinese philosopher，Working in the field of bet with bet365 for nearly seventy years。Since the mid-1990s，Mr. Chen has accumulated a lot of experience，Written a series of philosophical essays，Such as "Night Talk in the Quiet Garden", "Philosophical Thoughts", "Night Talk in the Quiet Garden", "Walking in Reverie", etc.。Recently，Mr. Chen has gathered many years of thought and inspiration，New work released，Answers to philosophical cognition in a simple and easy way、Life wisdom、Propositions such as human status and value，Full of life，Fascinating。Thank you for your permission，This edition will be published one after another。

On what is bet with bet365，Russell did not give a definition，But there is a descriptive term: bet with bet365，As far as I understand the word，It is something between theology and science。It is the same as theology，Contains human thinking on those things that are still uncertain of precise knowledge，But like science, it appeals to human reason rather than to authority，Whether it is the authority of tradition or the authority of revelation。

bet with bet365 does not have a unique answer，But it cannot be said that there is no answer。Different philosophies can have different answers to the same question。Not only about what happiness is，What is fairness，What is justice，What is the value of life and other questions，Different philosophies have different views，And bet with bet365 has different answers to its own questions。The world is objective，Still subjective？“Existence is perceived” and “Existence is an objective existence that does not depend on human will”，Which one is correct？Where does knowledge come from？Do you have the concept of talent？etc.。Opinions are diverse。

　If so，What is the meaning of bet with bet365？A completely uncertain、bet with bet365 with no right answers，Is it valuable to understand and practice people?？Why do humans need this kind of bet with bet365 without answers？There are two points worth noting here: first，bet with bet365 cannot be the nonsense of philosophers。bet with bet365 can be scientific。In other words，In bet with bet365 a correct answer can be distinguished from an incorrect answer。From this perspective，bet with bet365 is the doctrine of truth，It is not theology。For example，Human knowledge can only come from practice，It cannot be generated by the mind，The concept of talent is wrong。The material world is an objectively existing world，The world existed before humans were created；After the creation of human beings，Changing the world，But the world does not become a dependent existence。Even if humans do not exist，The world continues to exist。"Your body and name will be destroyed，Never waste the eternal flow of rivers”。Therefore，The objectivity of the world is the correct answer to the question of the nature of the world。We can give many examples of this。You can say this，Some philosophical questions have correct answers，Some don’t，Exploring；We cannot generally say that bet with bet365 has no answers，otherwise，bet with bet365 is like a tattered cloak，Anyone can put it on。Marx as the founder of a new bet with bet365，Emphasize that bet with bet365 should be a doctrine about truth，He asked rhetorically: "Should bet with bet365 be as the saying goes, 'Every place has its own customs'，Adopt special principles for each country？bet with bet365 should believe that 3×1=1 in a country，In the second country, it is believed that women have no souls，But in the third country, they believe that there are people drinking beer in the sky？Is there a general nature of plants and stars but not a general nature of man?？bet with bet365 asks: What is real？Instead of asking: what is valid？It is concerned with the truth for all people，Rather than individual truth。”

Marx regarded bet with bet365 as the doctrine of truth，Rather than a speculative theory that simply cannot have an answer。This is inseparable from the changes in bet with bet365 made by Marx and Engels。Marx wanted to create a bet with bet365 that could not only explain the world but also transform it。If bet with bet365 cannot provide truth at all，Only talking to himself endlessly，How is it possible to create a philosophical doctrine that scientifically explains and transforms the world for the proletariat and human liberation？Marxist bet with bet365 is scientific and practical。Precisely because it is scientific，Only in order to play a guiding role in understanding and transforming the world。

Marxist bet with bet365 provides scientific answers to some important questions in bet with bet365。But，Marxist bet with bet365 cannot provide answers to all philosophical questions。The field of bet with bet365 is infinitely broad，We will face many philosophical issues，So bet with bet365 is a big family，Every era、Philosophers from various countries will provide a variety of wisdom on bet with bet365。Marxist bet with bet365 is not a narrow sectarian bet with bet365，It can widely absorb various philosophical wisdom。When Marxism was founded，Marx and Engels on ancient Greek and Roman bet with bet365、Eighteenth-century Enlightenment bet with bet365、Nineteenth Century German Classical bet with bet365，Especially the bet with bet365 of Hegel and Feuerbach have been studied。Contemporary Marxist bet with bet365 should also be like this，We must adhere to Marxist bet with bet365，But at the same time, we should also pay attention to traditional Chinese bet with bet365，Focus on new issues and achievements in Western bet with bet365, especially modern Western bet with bet365 research。Why should we care about the achievements and developments of other philosophies？In the field of philosophical research，Ignorant and ignorant，Just focus on your own profession，It is impossible to have a broad vision of the world。The world is so big，Science is developing so rapidly，So many new questions，Each philosopher will think from his own perspective。Among them，Definitely includes new questions、New perspectives and new ways of thinking。Stone from other mountains，Can attack jade，The excellent results of other philosophies are certainly beneficial to enriching and developing Marxist bet with bet365。

Philosophers pursue truth、A person who reveals secrets from things that people know but don’t really know，He makes people learn to think。But since the beginning of mankind，There are not many real philosophers，Schopenhauer also admitted this。He said，A philosopher can leave his name in the history of bet with bet365，It’s a pretty amazing thing。Indeed，Read the history of Chinese and foreign bet with bet365，Counting heads，Not many，Even in the most developed era of bet with bet365，There are also a limited number。Why？Because in the process of understanding and exploring the world，The specific object is relatively easy to grasp，Once you enter the level of integrity and universality，It’s quite difficult，Because it cannot be observed by people using any experimental tools，In addition to relying on abstract thinking ability，No tools available。

A true scholar，Should we face the text or conduct research based on facts？Facing text，The most we can do is a historian of bet with bet365，Facing the facts，Thinking about the world，Only then can we become a philosopher，Become a thinker。Facing text，We can become a scholar or expert，But it is difficult to provide new ideas，At most, it will produce thoughts after reading it as stated，Really new ideas do not come from texts，It comes from concern for reality。Schopenhauer made a very interesting analogy: discussing and comparing what others have said will not particularly help us gain insight into things，It will not enrich our knowledge，Because doing so is always like pouring water from one container into another。Only through our own thinking about things can we truly enrich our insightful knowledge of things，Because only things can always be close to you，Provide us with a living source of knowledge at any time。If you only make a living from books and don’t pay attention to reality，In Schopenhauer’s view，This kind of person is like turning an old bottle over and over again，Afraid of missing the last drop of water，But he is indifferent to the living water flowing under his feet，Turn a blind eye。He also criticized，A strange and terrible definition of bet with bet365 is，bet with bet365 is a science composed of pure concepts。

The growth of true bet with bet365 cannot rely on weaving pure abstract concepts，It can only be based on our observations and experiences of the external and internal world。To make real achievements in the field of bet with bet365，It is impossible to achieve by combining concepts。bet with bet365 is like art and literature，The source is our perception and grasp of the world。And，No matter how addicted one is to looking up at the stars，And ignore all the furnishings on earth，It is impossible for him to remain cold-blooded in the development of the world，Never take action and feel the shock brought by the development of the world。

In Philosophical Studies，We should distinguish between opinion and truth。Opinions are personal，The truth belongs to everyone。Truth is like a magnet，It always points in the right direction，Opinions are especially ridiculous ones，It’s the wrong street sign，It points people in the wrong direction。Truth is universal and eternal，It will continue to be enriched，But it will not be overturned。Even if it is obscured for a period of time due to misunderstanding or social reasons，But the clouds cannot cover the sun，The truth will be recognized in the final analysis。And a wrong bet with bet365 no matter how popular it is，How to meet certain needs of people in a certain period and become a prominent scholar，But it will eventually disappear，Become a passing smoke。Just like a fashion can be popular for a while，But it won’t be popular forever。

Of course bet with bet365 cannot be separated from specific scientific knowledge，Because it must face scientific knowledge，Including natural science knowledge and social science knowledge。Contemplation without knowledge basis can only be empty speculation。Marxist bet with bet365 on its origin，Including the inheritance of the accumulation of human knowledge，Also includes a summary of achievements in the natural and social sciences，This is the scientific basis of Marxist bet with bet365。But in terms of the objects and functions of bet with bet365，It does not study specific science，Because concrete science only studies a specific area of ​​the world，bet with bet365 studies the world as a whole，It is based on universal laws rather than special laws。

It’s hard to understand parts if you don’t understand the whole，Just like not understanding the human structure as a whole，It is also difficult to understand that all human organs have the same function。In this sense，bet with bet365 is like an orchestra conductor，Even though it doesn’t play any musical instrument。A band without one instrument is still a band，And without a conductor, there is no orchestra。A band needs both instrumentalists，Also need command。Human beings have the same understanding of the world，Requires each specific discipline，In order to have a deeper understanding of the local area，We also need an overall idea that can connect various parts。bet with bet365 is the theory that grasps the world from the perspective of the world as a whole，So we call bet with bet365 a worldview。

Schopenhauer once compared the relationship between objects and mental activities to the relationship between a harp and its plectrum，Although people have the same brain, they can produce different images of the same object。Why is this happening？People often misunderstand materialism，Considering the primacy of matter，The Second Nature of Consciousness，means the objects are the same，The subject consciousness must be the same。This is a mechanical reflection view，Rather than the perspective of dialectical materialism and active reflection theory。Material firstness，The Second Nature of Consciousness，bet with bet365 emphasizes that human thoughts are not subjective and self-generated，bet with bet365 has its material roots。Then，Why do we have different thoughts when facing the same object？This involves the second aspect of basic philosophical issues，Human consciousness has an active role，When people accept things from the outside world，The mind will go through a process of reconstruction，Thus forming different reflections of the same object。People not only reflect objects through their brains，And people’s original knowledge also participates in the formation of knowledge，Evaluation plays a role in this process，Different evaluations will affect the reflection of the object。If you say so，Materialism about "the primacy of matter，The Second Nature of Consciousness”，Isn’t the idea that “existence determines consciousness” useless?？No。bet with bet365 works。Because when we delve into why objects are the same and think、Different consciousness，Or the images formed by the same object are different，We have to return to the primacy of matter，Back to existence determines consciousness。Because of different ideologies，bet with bet365 didn’t fall from the sky，There must be practical reasons for bet with bet365，This reason is not in the subject itself but in the existence outside the subject。Play the piano with a plectrum，Different people will have different sounds，The reason lies in the different strength of the plectrum or the technique of the player。If there is no plectrum，The piano will never make a sound，Otherwise bet with bet365 would be what Lenin called a crazy piano，Self-playing。

　There is no object and reflection of the object，There is no thought and consciousness，This is materialism；The same object will produce different thoughts，This is dialectics。Su Shi has a poem saying: "If there is sound on the piano，Put bet with bet365 in the box and why won’t bet with bet365 chirp？If the voice is on your finger，Why not listen to your advice？”If you don’t use the piano，Can only fingers make piano sounds？If only the piano had no fingers，Will the piano ring?？Neither works。Subject and object interact。

The relationship between subject and object is very complicated，Those who participate in the reflection not only have thoughts but also moods，Different emotions reflect things differently。The difference between happy and bad emotions，It will lead to two different emotions of love and hate for the same thing。This is why when you are angry，Reasons that often lead to one-sided understanding。Emotions not only affect health，And it affects understanding。Chinese bet with bet365 emphasizes quietness，Be quiet and then be at peace，Safe and then able to settle，Determine and then you can get it。People can only think correctly when they are calm。Also，The relationship between subject and object is not only an epistemological issue，It is also an issue of historical materialism。Because both the subject and the object change on the basis of practice，Rather than solidified。History，It is the process of interaction between historical subjects and historical objects。Subject and object are not abstract，It is not static either，Subject and object without change do not exist。

bet with bet365 should be curious，Without curiosity, there will be no promotion of philosophical thinking。But philosophical curiosity is different from “inquiring”，Distinct from being interested in other people's affairs，Philosophical curiosity aims to explore the nature of things，Discussing things that are universal，Instead of discussing social news、The short stories of Zhang’s parents and Li’s family。Therefore，The curiosity of a philosopher can be called wonder，I just like to inquire about other people’s business，Just curious。The difference between curiosity and surprise is，Surprise points to seeking knowledge，Curiosity is only interested in asking about gossip。

　　(The author is an honorary first-class professor at Renmin University of China、Director bet with bet365 Academic Committee)