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What is philosophy，Russell did not give a definition，But there is a descriptive statement: philosophy，As far as my understanding of this word，It is something that is a kind of theology and science。It is the same as theology，It contains human thinking about things that are still unrecognizable for those who are still exactly today，But the rationality of human beings like science rather than science rather than resort to authoritative，Whether it is traditional authority or revelation authority。

Philosophy does not have the only answer，But it cannot be said that there is no answer。Different philosophy can have different answers to the same question。Not only is happiness for happiness，What is fair，What is justice，What is the value of life and so on，Different philosophy has different opinions，And the answer of philosophy on its own questions is different。The world is objective，Or subjective? "Existence is perceive" and "existence is an objective existence of non -dependence of people's will"，Which is correct? Where does you come from?。Views are diverse。

If so，What is the meaning of philosophy? One is completely uncertain、Philosophy without correct answers，Is it valuable to understand and practice people? Why do humans need this philosophy without answers?，Philosophy cannot be the nonsense of philosophers。Philosophy can be scientific。That is to say，It can distinguish the correct answers and incorrect answers in philosophy。From this perspective，Philosophy is the doctrine of truth，It is not theology。For example，People can only come from practice，It is not possible to live in the mind，Talent concept is wrong。The material world is an objective world，It exists before the generation of human beings; after humans are generated，changing the world，But the world does not become the existence of relying on people。Even if humans do not exist，The world continues to exist。"Er Cao's body and name are destroyed，No abolition of rivers and rivers "。So，The objectivity of the world is the correct answer to the essential question of the world。Bet365 lotto review We can give a lot of examples。You can say this，Some philosophical questions can have the right answer，Some have no，Discovery; you can't say that philosophy has no answer，Otherwise，Philosophy is really like a broken cloak，Anyone can put it on。Marx as the founder of a new philosophy，Emphasizing philosophy should be the doctrine of truth，He asked: "Should philosophy be based on‘ every place has its own customs ’saying，What are the special principles to every country? Should philosophy be believed in a country 3 × 1 = 1，Believe in women in the second country without soul，In the third country, I believe someone drinks beer in the sky? Is there the general nature of plants and stars without the general nature of human beings?，instead of the truth of someone else。”

Marx regards philosophy as the doctrine of truth，Inspenant doctrine that is impossible to have answers at all。This is inseparable from Marx Engels' change in philosophy。Marx wants to create a philosophy that can not only explain the world but can transform the world。If philosophy cannot provide truth at all，I only talk about myself endlessly，How can it create a scientific philosophical doctrine for the proletarian and human liberation of the world and transform the world? Marxist philosophy is scientific and practical。Because it is scientific，can we play the guiding role of understanding and transforming the world。

Marxist philosophy provides a scientific answer to some important questions about philosophy。but，Marxist philosophy cannot provide answers to all philosophical questions。Unlimited wide wideness in the field of philosophy，We will face many philosophical problems，Therefore, philosophy is a big family，Each era、philosophers in various countries will provide a variety of wisdom to philosophy。Marxist philosophy is not a narrow sectarian philosophy，It can widely absorb various philosophical wisdom。When Marxism was founded，Marx Engels to ancient Greece and Roman philosophy、Eighteenth Century Enlightenment Philosophy、Nineteenth Century German Classical Philosophy，Especially the philosophy of Hegel and Ferbaha has been studied。Contemporary Marxist philosophy should also be like this，We must adhere to Marxist philosophy，But at the Bet365 lotto review same time, you should also pay attention to traditional Chinese philosophy，Pay attention to the new problems and new achievements of Western philosophy, especially the study of modern Western philosophy。Why do we care about the achievements and dynamics of other philosophy? In the field of philosophical research，Lonely smell，Only buried your own professional，It is impossible to have spacious world horizons。The world is so big，Scientific development is so rapid，So many new problems，Each philosopher will think from your own perspective。where，It must include new problems、New perspective and new method of thinking。Stone of his mountain，can attack jade，The excellent achievements of other philosophy are definitely beneficial for the rich and developing Marxist philosophy。

philosophers are pursuing truth、People who reveal the secret from people who are well known but do not know，He makes people learn to think。But from human beings，There are not many real philosophers，Schopenhauer also admits this point。He said，A philosopher can leave a name for himself in the history of philosophy，It is a very amazing thing。Indeed，You read the history of Chinese and foreign philosophy，Several heads，Not much，Even in the era of the most developed philosophy，Also limited。Why? Because in the process of understanding and exploring the world，The specific object is relatively easy to grasp，Once you enter the level of integrity and universality，It is quite difficult，Because it is not observed by people with any experimental tools，In addition to using the abstract ability of thinking，No tools can be available。

A real scholar，Should it be faced with text or based on facts? Facing text，We can be a philosophy historian，Facing the facts，Thinking in the face of the world，We can become a philosopher，Become a thinker。Facing text，We can be a scholar or expert，But it is difficult to provide new ideas，At most, the post -reading feeling after reading，The real new idea is not from text，but from the attention of reality。Schopenhauer made a very interesting metaphor: discussing and comparing what others said will not help us get insights about things，will not enrich our knowledge，Because it is always like bet365 best casino games this is always like to inject water into another container。Only by thinking about things can we truly enrich our insights about things，Because only things can always be close to my eyes，Provide us with a living source of life at any time。If you only discuss life from the book without paying attention to reality，From the perspective of Schopenhauer，This kind of person is like repeating the old bottle over again and again，Fear of missing the last drop of water，but the living water flowing under my feet is indifferent，Never see。He also criticized，The strange and bad definition of philosophy is，Philosophy is a learning composed of pure concepts。

The growth of real philosophy cannot rely on weaving pure abstract concepts，Based on our observation and experience of our external and inner world。To make real achievements in the field of philosophy，It is impossible to achieve through the concept of combination。Philosophy is like art and literature，Its source is our perception and grasp of the world。and，No matter how a person is obsessed with looking up at the starry sky，ignore all furnishings on the ground，It is impossible for him to keep cold blood in the development of the world，Always do not invest in action and feel the shock brought by the development of the world。

In philosophical research，We should distinguish opinions and truth。Opinions are personal，Truth belongs to everyone。Truth like a magnet，It will always point to the right direction，Opinions, especially ridiculous opinions，is the wrong road sign，It points to the wrong direction。Truth is universal and eternal，It will continue to be rich，But it will not be overturned。Even if it is blocked for misunderstandings or social reasons for a period of time，But the cloud is difficult to cover the sun，Truth will be recognized in the final analysis。And a wrong philosophy no matter how popular it is，How to meet some of people's needs in a certain period of time and become Xue Xue，But after all, it will disappear，Become Eye Cigarette Cloud。Just as a fashionable can be popular in a moment，But it will not be popular forever。

Of course, philosophy cannot get rid of specific scientific knowledge，Because it must face scientific knowledge，Including natural bet365 best casino games science knowledge and social science knowledge。Xuansi meditation without knowledge basis can only be empty speculative。Marxist philosophy is the source of its source，Inheritance of accumulation of human knowledge，​​It also includes the summary of natural and social science achievements，This is the basis of Marxist philosophy and science。But as far as the object and function of philosophy，It does not study specific science，Because specific science only studies only a specific field of the world，and the overall of the philosophy study the world，It is based on universal laws rather than special laws。

It is difficult to understand the local，Just as the overall of the person's structure is not understood，It is difficult to understand the function of any organs of a person。In this meaning,，Philosophy like a band command，Although it does not play any kind of instrument。One band is less musical instrument is still the band，without command, there is no band。A band needs both musical instrument performers，You also need command。Human understanding of the world is the same，Each specific discipline is required，so as to deeply understand parts，The overall thoughts that also need to be able to connect various parts。Philosophy is to grasp the doctrine of the world as a whole，So we call philosophy a world view。

Schopenhauer once compared the relationship between object and spiritual activity as the relationship between piano and piano，Although people have the same brain, they can produce different images for the same object。Why is this? People often misunderstand materialism，Think of material first sex，Consciousness second sex，It means that the object is the same，The subject consciousness must be the same。This is a point of view of mechanical reflection theory，instead of dialectical materialism, the perspective of reflection theory。Material first sex，Consciousness second sex，It is that emphasizing that human thought is not subjective，It has its material root。So，Why does the same object have different ideas? This involves the second aspect of the basic problem of philosophy，A person's consciousness has the ability to move，When people accept the outside things，A process of re -construction will pass in the mind，Bet365 app download to form a different reflection of the same object。People not only reflect the object through the brain，And people's original previous consciousness also participated in the formation of recognition，The role of evaluation in this process，to form a different reflection of the same object。If you say this，Materialism about "material first sex，Consciousness Second Sex "，Isn't it useless about the view of "Decision Decision"? no。It is useful。Because when we study in -depth research why the objects are the same and think、Different consciousness，or the image formed by the same object is not at the same time，We have to return to the first sex of the material，Back to the decision consciousness。Because of different ideological consciousness，Not falling from the sky，There must be its practical reason，This reason is not in the existence of the subject itself and outside the subject。Plus the piano with the piano，Different people will pop up different sounds，The reason lies in the strength of the piano or the piano player。If there is no piano dial，Qin will never make a sound，Otherwise, it is Lenin's crazy piano，Self -playing。

No objects and objects of objects，There is no thought and consciousness，This is materialism; the same object will produce different thoughts，This is Dialectics。Su Shi has poems: "If there is a piano in the piano，Why not sing in the box? If the words are on your finger，Why not listen to Jun's finger? "If you don't need a piano，Can I make a piano sound only? If there is only a piano, there is no finger，Will the piano sound? Will not work。The subject and object are interactive。

The main and objective relationship is very complicated，Participating not only thought but also mood，Emotions are different from the reflection of things。Emotional and harsh differences，It will cause two different emotions for love and hates for the same thing。This is why when angry，often causes one -sided reasons。Emotions not only affect health，and affect recognition。Chinese philosophy emphasizes quiet，Quiet and then can be safe，Annone can be determined，Dingfei can be obtained later。People can only think correctly when calm。Another，The main and objective relationship is not only a question bet365 live casino games of epistemology，It is also a historical materialism problem。Because the subject and object are changing on the basis of practice，instead of solidifying。History，is the process of interaction between historical subjects and historical objects。The main object is not abstract，It is not a constant static，No changeable subject and object is not existing。

Philosophy should have curiosity，Without curiosity, it will not promote philosophical thinking。But the curiosity of philosophy is different from "Bags"，Unlike interested in others，The curiosity of philosophy is exploring the nature of things，Discussion on things that are universal，Not to explore social news、Zhang's parents Li family short leisure。So，The curiosity of a philosopher can be called surprise，and simply inquire about other people's leisure，It's just curious。The difference between curiosity and surprise is，Surprise pointing to know，Curiosity is only interested in inquiring about leisure。

　　(The author is the Honorary First -level Professor of Renmin University of China、Director of the Academic Committee)