German romanticism was an important ideological and cultural movement that emerged in Europe in the late 18th century and early 19th century。Early romanticists keenly aware of the continuous alienation and opposition between modern humans and nature，The rationalism of the human center theory is metaphysical、Modern scientific concepts and research methods，and the overall criticism of the capitalist commodity economy，Deeply revealed or foresee the inner root of the modern ecological crisis。Early romanticists represented by Novaris tried to re -evoke emotion with emotion、Spiritual and specific sensual existence -centered living natural image，To replace enlightenment rationality and modern science on a simple quantification about nature、excluded all the existence of sensual existence、The attention of the rational knowledge determined; use poetic words to replace rational analysis and reasoning，Convert the suppression relationship between the subject and the subject of nature into an equal "I -You" relationship，Restore naturally as spontaneous、Dynamic、The status of the creative subject。

　　The philosophy of human centralism and the disappearance of nature

Early romanticists regarding the subjective philosophy represented by Fisht as the root cause of the modern ecological crisis。In Ferchit's knowledge，The distinction between "self" and "non -me" constitutes a basic binary distinction。For Feihit，The essence of the self is action，Guidance of action acceptance and will，instead of my lack of any substantial regulations，Non -my existence or "non -me, right and wrong" is completely used as "I am me" to get understanding。Therefore，Do not have any reality，and self -reliance through a eternal effort to set the unity of non -me and non -me and self，to prove the absoluteness of the self itself。No matter what I am，It is just the result of self -action。Feihit thinks，The final task of self is to act through practice，To a greater extent, I am not me in myself。Therefore，Self -dominated self -domination of me is the direct result of the Ficht's philosophy system。This view has a profound theoretical and practical significance for the relationship between man and nature。

According to Ferchit's idea，Naturally just right and wrong，It is an inverse setting that depends on the self -setting self。Naturally, it can only be regarded as a Bet365 lotto review passive object that relies on human self -consciousness。Naturally, it is impossible to realize self，Nature itself cannot have any form of spontaneity。This kind of understanding of nature is suitable for nature without life，It is also suitable for animal and plant，It is even suitable for people with physical and material elements themselves。This attitude towards nature has been proposed as early as Francis Bacon，Fiste's self -conscious theory makes nature completely become the vassal of the ontology。

Figit's point of view reflects modern science、The philosophical root of the distinctive human centerist position expressed in the technology and economic process。Although in many aspects，German romanticists absorbed a lot of important ideas from Fisht's knowledge，But they unanimously criticized his understanding of nature。For example，Xie Lin once said when thinking about Fei Hitt's philosophy，"All modern philosophy is performed in a way that does not exist naturally"。From Xie Lin's view，Fisht's knowledge is like most rationalism and subjective philosophy since Cartesian，Can't regard nature as an independent entity，Even more thoroughly eliminated the natural ontological status than Cartesian。Novaris also realizes the same realization，As long as it is naturally regarded as non -me，Nature's vitality and its independence cannot be fully understood，It will even be devastated by the theoretical and practical plans based on modern subjectivity principles。This is especially manifested in Norwaris's criticism of modern science: "Friendly natural natural scientists are dead，Just leave only life、The wreckage of convulsions。”

In a different metaphor，Novaris naturally compares the natural research object to a "petrified city that has been magical"。Therefore，Science cannot make any sufficient assertions on nature。The object of this assertion is not natural itself，but naturally in the state of petrochemical and death。Novaris said: "All the efforts to pursue truth are getting more and more far away from nature in lectures and conversations about nature。"All the questions about nature and dialogue about nature are that it is about nature，and naturally there is no language，Do not participate in this kind of dialogue。Once we talk about nature，It no longer exists as nature，but just as an object of human consciousness，is a concept of rational rationality、Proposition and mathematical language re -explained and constructed objects。

　Poems and Nature's inner life

Subjective philosophy tradition uses self and others、Separation of self and non -me describing the difference between spirit and nature。Novaris has adopted these categories，But in a dynamic interaction relationship, they have changed their significance: humans with self -consciousness must be regarded as self，Also regarded as others; and naturally must be regarded as others，It is regarded as self and again。This particularly means that the concept of spirit is not just retained for humans，The spirit is also applicable to nature。Naturally like humans，All have energy、spontaneous、The spiritual level of self -organization。This view of the physical and internal vitality of the restoration of nature makes the soul and material、The unity of spirit and nature becomes possible。Therefore，Novaris refused to understand naturally like Fishte as non -me。If it is naturally alive、Existence that can move，That is, a actor in a sense or "I"，Then we cannot naturally convert naturally into a "non -me" that is infinitely different from "self"，Instead, we must convert nature into a "you" -ly we can be in the dialogue and echo each other，Therefore, we can have the feeling of "at home" in nature。"Humans do not say — the universe is also talking -everything is talking -infinite language。”

The nature of human rationality has a kind of thinking that uses reflection and conceptual thinking、Diversity、The tendency to separate the natural separation，Talk about nature in pure rational language，so that nature becomes a silent others。Novaris thinks，Philosophers and scientists are unable to listen to the words of nature，Because they are not taking nature as a subject with the same self -consciousness、An equal dialogue，Instead, as an inertia world that is unconscious and life、An object that is completely subject to the subject; only the poet has the ability to overcome this separation。From Norwaris's view，One feature of the poet is his love for nature to give nature more spirituality: "Who wants to truly understand the mind of nature，Whoever must stay with the poet。Where，Nature open her heart，Pour her wonderful voice。but，Who does not love nature from the heart，Just amazing part of the natural part or another，and meant to get experience from it，He can only be diligent in visiting her ward or her bone storage house。”

For Novaris，The real poet is not only，or mainly does not mean the creator of a specific genre literary work。The main feature bet365 Play online games of the poet is，He has the ability to discover nature，This seemingly unconscious others are actually "you" corresponding to "I"，that is another life、A conscious subject。This kind of fully acknowledged recognition of nature as "you" means love for nature，That is, another living is found in nature、Self that can empathize with it。In a sense,，The mystery of love is that it does not try to determine the other party，Instead of accepting the unspeakableness of the other party，Accept the other party's own development。

From Norwaris's view，Different from science in pursuing rational understanding of nature, naturally solidify nature in the certainty of rationality，The poet can follow the natural cannot be rational.、Uncertain、flowing and easy movement。Not only that，The poet also has a unique creativity。In this creativity，He showed the inner connection between himself and nature。Because in the experience of the poet，Naturally, it is essentially creative。The poet's mind is more sensitive than natural scientists，Emotional is more abundant，More imaginative，Understand the phenomenon of nature in the integrity of naturally irrefutable and incompetent integrity，He can express nature to show us in some irrational form，The truth that is dissolved and covered by rational thinking。

The poetic words of nature are listening to the words of nature itself，In this poetic speech，The poet uses nature as another self、A "you" look at it; the poet admits that naturally has independence that cannot be stipulated by our rational thinking，Even willingly abandoning its own independence in the listening center，and the relationship between this kind of person and nature，The perfect form of respect for nature and sympathy for nature is "love"。In the sense of Novaris，Love is not just a kind of emotion between people; in love，People have seen human nature in nature，It also realizes the unity of human nature and nature。In a conversation with nature，Human beings treat all their activities as a manifestation of natural creativity。Therefore，The poems created by humans are different from the creativity of nature，But in a sense, it can be regarded as an expression of nature itself，Is the revealing or re -creation of the truth of nature itself。

For Novaris，Poetry is a link between people and nature。Through this concept，Novaris expressed his view of his location in the universe: truly becoming human、Become a self -conscious spiritual existence does not mean bet365 best casino games confrontation with nature and dominance to nature，Instead of listening to the language of nature in the poetic words，Restoring a common harmony that is broken by reflection philosophy and scientific interpretation of the subjectivity: "Poetry improves every separate thing by the specific combination of one thing with the other part of the whole -if it is philosophy, if it is philosophy First of all, the world is prepared by the positive impact of its legislation，So，Poems can be said to be the key to philosophy，It is the purpose and significance of the world; because poetry shapes a beautiful society -world family -beautiful universe home。"re -integrated by using humans as" natural existence "and an infinitely positive creativity，Romanticist rejected the dominant position of humans preached by the Enlightenment of the Enlightenment。

　　Modern economy and ecological crisis

One of the key points of the relationship between man and nature is how to consider or affect nature of human economic behavior and attitude。Novaris knows the importance of this actual problem。Novaris is not a supporter of the feudal small agricultural economy and guild system; on the contrary，He fully recognizes the creativity of the modern commodity economy and its positive role in promoting the formation of human communities: "Business spirit is the spirit of the world。This is the most brilliant spirit of them。It makes everything run，and link everything。It evokes the country and the city、National and artistic works。It is the spirit of culture，Is the completion of humans。"Whenever the product is invented and produced，Economy has become a manifestation of human creativity。As long as economic activities need to be bargained and trade，It is the means and reasons for communication，It is a way to exchange with others and exchange with others。When the economic relationship between humans and the economic relationship between humans and nature is dominated by a spirit of love that is integrated with each other，Such a poetic economy will make the harmony of the economy and nature a possible，and the entire economic process will become a manifestation of natural creativity。

but but，Novaris clearly realized，The greedy humanity hidden or preset in the actual capitalist economic behavior、The concept of private property and the basic tendency of self -interest，The economy of poetic is completely incompatible。It hinders the improvement of human and society，It makes it difficult for humans to find the way to get along Bet365 app download with nature，It has become an important source of the modern ecological crisis。

Novaris showed how the harmonious order of the world was destroyed by his novel "Heinrich Von Overdinen"。If a person is ruled by greedy，He will stand outside all harmony，Conflict with the life of love and poetry。In addition，From Norwaris's view，The concept of private property leads to indifference to nature，and eventually lead to the destruction of the owner himself: "Nature does not want to be exclusively occupied by someone。As property，Naturally, it has become an evil poison，Drive away for tranquility，Let those who have wealth be devastedly in love with the power of all things，Bring a series of endless anxiety and wild passion。Therefore，Naturally destruction of the owner's land，Make it quickly collapsed and buried him，So she can pass from one hand to another，to gradually satisfy her tendency to belong to everyone。”

Novaris's critical opinion on private property comes from his philosophical thought，That is naturally understood as "you"。"You" as another living "self" cannot be possessed as property，But when modern people strengthen the concept of property rights on top of nature，Naturally, it really becomes a description of only human rational、Calculated and dominated "non -me"。Natural needs to be respected and recognized as "you"，This perfect form of respect and recognition is love。For Novaris，The ideal society and the perfect harmony between humans and nature，Is the concept of love。Very obvious，The opposite of the love is pure self -interest。The economy of self -interest and poetic is incompatible。But，In the Norwaris era，Self -interest is increasingly regarded as the starting point and essence of all economic behaviors。In fact，Zili has become one of the basis of modern western economy and modern economic thought。

Although the modern economy seems to be highly creative in terms of invention and production，But it cannot be called a poetic economy in the sense of Novalis。Its creativity does not respect and recognize nature，It is not combined with the love of nature。It does not treat nature as a "you"，but as a "non -me"。Therefore，From the perspective of Novaris，The creation of this form does not cause the integration of humans and nature，Instead, it has caused indifference and oppression of nature。The foundation of modern economic production is not to love nature and be natural -oriented，Instead, the maximization of self -interest and benefits bet365 best casino games is the direction。Therefore，Human beings are lost in endless and meaningless consumption of nature、Expand production、Increased progress of income。That's for this，The foundation of the modern capitalist commodity economy itself constitutes part of the problem of modern ecological crisis。

The development of modern technology and capitalism has caused irreversible damage to nature，It has created an increasingly serious ecological crisis，German romantic philosophical reflection has become increasingly practical significance that cannot be ignored。Novaris's romantic reflection on the modern ecological crisis is not nostalgic or utopian。On the contrary，He fully recognizes the rationality and reality of modern science and commodity economy development，and try to criticize the foundation of the school and go to school，Reveal the human nature covered and distorted by the rationality of modern science and economy and the inner vitality of nature itself，Therefore, it provides us with a unique and thoughtful insight for us to think about the root cause of the modern ecological crisis and its solution。

　(Author is an associate professor at the Department of Philosophy at the School of Humanities of Xi'an University of Electronic Science and Technology)