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Fair competition is the core of the market economy，The basic position of strengthening fair competition is the key guarantee for building a unified and open high -standard market system。At this stage，The need to accelerate the construction of the new development pattern and the needs of high -quality economic development，higher requirements for the fair development of enterprises。In recent years，my country has introduced relevant laws and regulations including the "Anti -Monopoly Law of the People's Republic of China" and "Promotion Law of the Small and Micro -Enterprises of the People's Republic of China"，Vigorously optimize the business environment，Fair development of equal development of various types of enterprises has made great progress。Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China，The proportion of private economy in my country has increased from less than 40%ten years ago to about 60%，The number of private enterprises increased from 10.857 million households at the end of 2012 to 50.9276 million households in May 2023，increased 3.7 times。However, there are also non -governmental investment continued to decline、Short survival time for small and medium -sized enterprises、Some market entry thresholds are higher、Private enterprise financing is difficult to financing、There are problems that occur during improper competition，It reflects that there is still much room for improvement in promoting fair development of Chinese enterprises。

　Insufficient public services restrict the development of enterprises

How to change the status quo，Promote fair development of equal development of various types of enterprises，Analyze from the micro perspective of the enterprise。Enterprise is a producer and a seller，Reducive production costs while continuously expanding the market，Realize high profits，is the key to the survival and development of enterprises。But，Different types of companies in my country have not fully achieved equal development and fair competition in these two aspects。First is the market。High entry threshold for some industries、Monopoly bet365 live casino games State -owned enterprises in the upstream field、Local protectionism leads to market division、State -owned enterprises with various factors and cost advantages in the competitive industry are continuously expanded and other factors，As a result, there are major obstacles to private enterprises in terms of market expansion and market entry。Not only that，Some large capitals use digital technology、Capital advantages performing unfair competition behaviors frequently occurred，Destroy the normal order of market operation。Followed by cost。In terms of explicit cost，Due to financial suppression and credit ownership bias，The cost of funds of private enterprises is significantly high。In terms of hidden costs，Due to the poor business environment、Small and medium -sized enterprise service system is absent，Private enterprises face a large institutional transaction cost pressure。So，To promote equal development of equal development of various types of enterprises，It must be guaranteed to expand (enter) the market and reduce costs in terms of institutional mechanism and policy system。

my country's exploring market economy is only about 40 years of time，The problem of offside and absence of the government still exists to varying degrees。From the perspective of promoting the fair competition of the equal development of the enterprise，The offside and absence of the government are non -neutral and deficiencies provided by the government。The former includes non -neutral market access、Industrial subsidy non -neutral、Credit supply non -neutral, etc.，Directly hinder the role of the market in the allocation of resource allocation，Lead of some companies to enter、Market expansion difficulties，market transaction costs rising，Then cause non -flat competition among enterprises; the latter includes insufficient optimization of the rule of law environment、Insufficient construction of small and medium -sized enterprise service system、Insufficient supervision of capital operation order，Call the cost of corporate organizations to rise。It is under the common effect of these two factors，The development environment faced by private enterprises in my country is still lacking。

About how to improve the development environment of private enterprises，Most discussions are analyzed from the perspective of excessive government intervention，It is believed that the major institutional mechanism obstacles and policy shortcomings are concentrated in administrative monopoly、Financial suppression、bet365 Play online games Political association and other aspects，It is necessary to solve the differences in enterprises under the current institutional mechanism and policy system as soon as possible，That is, the government provides non -neutral public services。Discussion on the insufficient public services provided by the government for private enterprises, especially small and medium -sized enterprises, is slightly insufficient，In fact, this is also one of the roots that hinder the fair competition of equal development of enterprises。

First，The existing administrative service system has greatly increased the institutional transaction cost of private enterprises, especially small and medium -sized enterprises,。Since the founding of New China，The proportion of the state -owned economy in my country's economy has long occupied an absolute advantage for a long time。time to this day，The proportion of bet365 live casino games State -owned enterprises in the central and western regions and northeast regions is still high。So，The administrative model of service enterprises in many regional service companies and the survival environment of the enterprise，It is developed with the growth of Chinese enterprises，There is usually a strong social network relationship between state -owned enterprises and local governments。Various issues involving enterprises often involve multiple administrative departments，But the current fragmentation management model of enterprise -related matters is not in line with the development model of the private economy。On the one hand，Number of private enterprises、The scale is generally smaller，It is difficult to establish a stable and strong relationship with the local government。On the other hand，Many small and medium -sized private enterprises have not yet established a modern enterprise system，Lack of business management and strategic management professionals，It is difficult to effectively connect different government departments。This has led to a higher institutional transaction cost of most private enterprises，Obstacles to compete with the equal development of state -owned enterprises with state -owned enterprises。

2，There is a gap between the government and the enterprise。I found out in many investigations，Three problems in private enterprises are common。First, it is difficult for enterprises to obtain government information in time，Especially various preferential policy information; second, even if the company can obtain the policy bet365 live casino games information that has been published，Lack of ability to match policy match，It is impossible to effectively interpret policies; third, a platform for enterprises to lack communication with the government when they encounter difficulties，I don’t know which department for docking，What channels to solve the problem。This also leads to small and medium -sized enterprises、The institutional transaction cost of private enterprises is high。The main reason is that the government has limited scale，When facing millions of market entities，The government often lacks a strong grabbing point，It is difficult to really serve various types of enterprises。Although there are many accounting firms in the market、Finance Company、Investment and Financing Company、Financial intermediary、Law Firm、Management Consulting Company、Labor Outsourcing Company，But most of them are standardized services，or a necessity service for enterprise operations。From the perspective of corporate research，Private enterprises, especially small and medium -sized enterprises, most need preferential policy acquisition and interpretation、Difficulty feedback、Communicate with the government、Market docking and other services，These services are mostly personalized。Organizations that provide these services need to understand the operation of the enterprise，You need to be connected with the government、Communication ability。At present, the service system construction between government and enterprises is relatively lagging，The gap between the two has not yet achieved effective filling。

third，Digital technology played more limited。With digital technology、The rapid development of informatization，Enterprise acquisition preferential policy information difficulty、The problem of insufficient communication with the government has been relieved to a certain extent，But digital technology cannot fully fill the gap between government and enterprises。The author's research results show，Only less than half of the enterprises to acquire and understand the policy from the government's public account、Website or push，Only nearly 40 % of the enterprises believe that communication with government departments mainly depends on various government public platforms。This shows that Chinese private enterprises, especially small and medium -sized private enterprises, still lack screening information、The ability to interpret information。At the same bet365 live casino games time，Enterprise is financing docking、Training Service、Demands in technical innovation docking cannot be fully relying on the information platform to complete。

　　Common development in fair competition

Establish an institutional mechanism and policy system that promotes equal development of various types of enterprises，Start with two issues of public services provided by the government，Basic features of both the socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics，Especially insisting on "two without shaking"，Let bet365 live casino games State -owned enterprises and private enterprises complement each other in fair competition、Common Development。

Policy for opening -up internally and outside，Gradually eliminate uneven market access opportunities，Forms a comprehensive open management system based on a negative list。Effectively docking the international rules system，Strictly implement the "National List" management requirements，According to the different characteristics of market competition in different fields，Set up full competition、Limited competition、Competitive business in the field of natural monopoly、Specific fields and other categories and classify strategies，Promoting the fairly and orderly participation of various types of enterprises to participate in market competition。

State -owned enterprise development policy，Ensure that bet365 live casino games State -owned enterprises are related to national security、The important industries and key areas of national economic life pulse concentration，Stable Industrial Chain、Supply Chain，stronger and superior state -owned capital and state -owned enterprises，At the same time, increase the entry of social capital in the field of people's livelihood。

Monopoly industry reform policy，Deepen the separation of government enterprises、separation of political and economic、Franchise、Reform of the main content of government supervision，Strict supervision of the natural monopoly link，Accelerate the marketization of competitive links，Effectively break the administrative monopoly。

Anti -unfair competition policy，Promoting anti -monopoly anti -unfair competition supervision normalization，Strengthen the full -chain supervision efficiency in the post -event event，Accelerate the "whitelist" policy of market access、Market research policy、Anti -monopoly investigation and acceptance mechanism and proof mechanism work in an institutional infrastructure construction。

Industrial subsidy policy，bet365 Play online games Reasonably regulate industrial subsidy coverage and subsidy rigidity，Correct the industrial subsidy policy of excessive inclined local key enterprises，Reduce various selective policies、Special Policy，Increase inclusive support policy，Reduce administrative freedom tailoring。

Financial market development policy，Focus on improving SME financing credit reporting system，Eliminate the explicit and hidden thresholds for private enterprises，Encourage and guide social capital into the field of financial services，Pay limited funds through effective capital market mechanisms more configuration to meet the national development strategy、High -tech enterprises that effectively make up for the shortcomings of economic development。Increase policy financing guarantee company、SME Development Fund、SME Government Government Risk Investment Guide Fund、Policy capital investment of SME transfer funds，Establish and improve the financing risk compensation mechanism for small and medium -sized enterprises。

Small, medium and micro enterprise service system construction，Increase the policy support of SME service agencies and government purchases，Improve government public services、Market -oriented service、Small and medium -sized enterprise service system combined with socialized public welfare services，Relying on the digital government platform、Intermediate Organization Dredging the Global Ditch of Government and Enterprises，Socialization of government service enterprises、intermediary、Bridge、Participate、Digitalization，Effectively reduce the institutional transaction cost of the enterprise。

Continue optimizing the business environment，The construction of the rule of law as the core of the construction of the business environment。Increase the publicity of government affairs，For various policy discounts、subsidy、Enterprises that reduce taxes to publicize，Enhance government credibility。Establish and improve the assessment system for government affairs and administrative commitments，Further improve the construction of government integrity performance mechanism，Practical stability and stability of private investment and enterprise development expectations。

Cadre assessment and evaluation and incentive mechanism，Establish a "pro", "Qing" political and business relationship that is compatible with high -quality development，Reverse GDP theory、Cadre bet365 live casino games assessment tendency for tax theory。Integrated assessment indicators related to the fair competition of enterprise equal development in the assessment system，Division of "visual visibility" performance and "non -visual" performance，At the same time, the provincial -city -district -street integrated assessment and evaluation mechanism。

　　(This article is studying and explaining the party's 20 major spiritual National Social Science Fund major projects, "System Mechanism and Policy System Study on Fair Competition of various types of enterprises" (23ZDA037) phased achievement)

(The author is the director of the China New Private Economic Research Center of Wuhan University、Professor)