Facing the intensified global ecological crisis，More and more ecologists advocate the inherent logic of capitalism from the perspective of radical ecology and ecological politics，It is emphasized that it is impossible to solve the current ecological crisis in the capitalist framework，Must fundamentally change the capitalist production method，Only connect the environmental reform struggle in front of you with the long -term goal of revolutionary transformation，Only to reconstruct the harmonious relationship between man and nature。Contemporary foreign ecologists from ecological transformation、Human World、Repeat the inherent relationship between human and nature，Seeking crux and treatment plan，Highlighting its revolutionary radical direction。

　Ecological transformation:Systemic changes instead of climate change

As the ecological crisis becomes more and more urgent，Some ecological scholars abroad emphasize，Ecological transformation must be carried out，Make systemic change，Create a new type of ecological civilization，So humans can avoid moving towards ecological extinction，Restore ecological sustainability。John Bellami Foster、Brett Clark and others who hold the view of "metabolism break" view thinks，Infinite accumulation of capitalism，Cause infinite exploitation of the environment，Leading "Honggou" that cannot be made up between nature and society。Capitalism contrary to sustainable development，It is essentially hostile to nature。Because capital logic will lead to "extinism"。Ecological Destruction or Ecological Revolution is the choice of capitalist turningules，Only ecological socialism is the only way out for human beings to achieve sustainable development in the future。From the perspective of Michael Lowe，Ecological socialism puts society and ecological well -being in the first place，Follow the existence rather than possession。Capitalism chase is just bet365 Play online games the infinite accumulation of capital，Commodity and exploitation of labor and nature，severely damaged the foundation for sustainable development，Threat human survival。Japanese scholar Saito Saito refutes those who think that Marx is a "producer" or "economic decision -making person"，Further elaborated Marx's metabolism theory。From the view of Saito Saito，Capitalism with the purpose of proliferation has severely eroded the basis of human free development。In the background of the global ecological crisis，The social movement of pursuit of "climate justice" must contain the factors of class struggle，"Environmental proletariat" must be on the historical stage as the subject of the revolution，Struggle on the global scale of capitalism。simply rely on market mechanism or technical means to adjust，Unable to cope with climate change。

Capitalist production methods have caused a series of cracks in the process of biochemistry of the earth system，Breaking through the key ecological threshold and earth limit，All the existing ecosystems and industrial civilizations on the earth are in danger。To truly solve the ecological crisis，Social production relations that are dominant must be overturned，This requires a long -term revolution from the mass movement。Matthew Hubel emphasized，Climate crisis is not a problem in consumer fields such as "personal carbon footprints"，but a class problem，The root cause lies in who has、Control material production materials and profit from it。Hubel positions the working class as a key role of climate politics，And emphasized to win climate struggle，Internationalism based on the form of unity of global workers，Reorganized production to ensure the survival of all life on the planet。Environmental activist Martin Effeson emphasized，The capitalist system enables the workers and the natural world，and the working people alienate each other。From Endampson's view，Capitalism takes profit as the internal drive，Consumer a lot of energy，Bring humans to the edge of the disaster。To protect the common earth home of human beings，Revolutionary changes must be carried out to bet365 live casino games get rid of a system that destroys the earth for profit。Urri Brand and Marcus Willson profoundly revealed the natural relationship between global ecological inequality and the hegemony of hegemony under capitalist conditions。On the one hand，Human society uses unrestricted to the earth's environment，highlight the capital conquest of capital; on the other hand，Politics in the northern country、The form of law and violence occupies the resources of Southern countries、Space、labor force，Transfer the pollutants。They think，To truly solve the ecological crisis，It must surpass the "Empire Life"，Towards the "Unity Lifetime"，Realize social ecological transformation。

　　Human World: New perspective of understanding ecological disasters

"Anthropocene" (Anthropocene) is often used to personally describe the geological age of the earth currently in the current earth。Paul Joseph Cruzen thinks，Human world reflects the sense of crisis and transformation of the relationship between human beings and the earth。Specifically，Human emissions through greenhouse gas、Forest Test、Nuclear test and other activities have changed the natural environment on a large scale，and leave traces on the surface of the earth。According to Jeremy Davis's point of view，"Human World provides a perspective of understanding the current environmental crisis in the context of depth time"。Global Warm、Environmental pollution、Resource exhaustion、Species are endangered and extinction, etc., are prominent problems in the human world。The more and more human beings tend to the earth's limits，and bring irreversible consequences。

Ian Angus is based on Marxist ecological thought，The system explains how the rapid combustion of fossil fuels push the world to the edge of the disaster，The root cause of the global environmental crisis lies in the crazy chase of fossil capitalism for profits。"If fossil capitalism still occupies a dominant position，Then human world will be a new dark era of a few people's brutal rule and most people suffering from suffering。"The survival of the human world requires radical social change，bet365 live casino games The replacement of a new ecological socialist civilization，Containing capitalist damage to the earth system，to provide everyone with a decent life，Eliminate the oppression of people，Pay attention to life rather than capital accumulation，Reconstruction of the unity between humans and natural systems。Alff Hornenburg discusses the nature of the human world、Social and Justice Questions，I believe that human activities have changed the metabolism of the biosphere，to threaten the future survival of the species。Because humans are regarded as a geological force，We must not only rethink the relationship between natural science and social sciences，Also need to rethink history、Modernity and human concepts，Ask what is the value、progress and wealth。Honor emphasized，Modern artificial products, that is, currency -energy -technical complex, must be thoroughly redesigned，So that people get rid of the global exploitation system，Save civilization from the collapse of the current global ecosystem system。

The only thing about capitalists cares about currency income and the profit generated by it。Climate change will not give the capital logic with a rest.，As long as capitalism continues to chase capital accumulation，Ecological crisis will continue to deteriorate，It will inevitably create a global "environment refugee"。Caroline Mereste deeply reflected on capitalist production methods，It is believed that this production method has caused a broken relationship between man and earth，Lead "the death of nature"。From the view of Merth,，Human activities mean that human activities affect nature in a devastating way，We need to examine the nature of the human world from the perspective of humanities，That is, from the appearance of steam engines in the 18th century to today's fossil fuel (coal、Petroleum and Natural Gas) of the large -scale burning。John Bellami Foster thinks，The concept of human world not only reflects that people are increasingly recognizing that human -driven factors have accelerated the expansion of the planetary boundaries of the earth system;，If "Everything is Old"，The Bet365 lotto review world will be trapped in a dilemma that is not conducive to maintaining the stability of human civilization。Camilla Royer emphasized，If capitalism continues，Human extinction is a very real possibility。In this case，Human world is unlikely to last for a long time，can only be a short geological time。Another choice is，We can overthrow capitalism，Use a society that allows our species to continue existing。Xiaolin Zhuo also believes that human beings are not synonymous with squeezingism，Specifically, just ask for the earth，Emphasizing that human beings and natural environment are the relationship between dominance and domination。Capitalist countries to pursue economic development，Actively abandon the effective countermeasures of delaying or avoiding climate change，Continuously squeezing limited natural resources，Continue to increase the burden on the ecological environment。Climate change brought by the human world，The capitalist economic model with the pursuit of class interests must be abandoned。

　　To grow: reflection of the limit of growth

1972，The Roman Club clearly states in the book "The Extreme of the Growth" on the research report on human dilemma，"Now the growth model of population and capital，In fact, the gap between the rich and the poor in the world，According to the current mode，constantly trying to grow，End with disaster collapse "。Now，With the population explosion、Resource shortage、Energy crisis and economic recession caused by the new crown epidemic，Foreign ecological scholars are more and more concerned about "degeth，translated as "reduced growth") theory。Environmental activists and researchers think，"Going to Growth" advocates priority to consider social and ecological welfare，Not corporate profits; oppose excessive production and over -consumption，The material scale that advocates reducing the global economy，Turn common values ​​to care、Unity and autonomy。Facing the increasingly serious global ecological crisis，"Depending on Growth" means a socio -economic system driven by endless economic growth as the driver，Eliminate bet365 best casino games the exploitation relationship under capitalist production conditions，Ensure the beautiful life of everyone in environmental justice and the world。As Jason Hickle pointed out，In the face of the reality of climate disaster and ecological collapse，We must face up to the actual situation of capitalism that is destroying the world of life。Only one solution can bring meaningful and direct changes，"Go to Grow"。Of course，"Depending on Growth" does not mean that refusal to increase，Instead, "growthism" against capitalism。Develop countries while getting rid of poverty，It is appropriate to develop the economy for the welfare of the people，But in a wealthy country，Growth for growth is the problem。Human unlimited expansion has caused irreversible damage to the natural environment，Rich countries should reduce production and consumption，Make the economic scale control within the scope of the earth to withstand。

"Delays" theory means: to reduce the use of energy and resources in a planned manner，Reduce damage to ecology，Balance of the economy and the world of life，Improve the well -being of human survival; seek to expand universal public products and services，Ru health、Education、Transportation and Housing，To commercialize the basic items needed to live a prosperous life; realize the transition to renewable energy、Restore soil fertility and biological diversity。"Delays" direct confrontation with capitalism and growthism，Emphasize that the main production materials and reproduction materials will be posted to the social possession，and implement democracy、Participating ecological economic plan，It is believed that it should be prioritized by the people to decide the production and consumption，To meet actual social needs，Respect the ecological limitations of the earth at the same time，Fundamentally changing the way the organizational economy and distribution of social wealth。Saito Saito proposed the point of view of "going to grow communism"，It is considered the fundamental cause of the greed of capitalism for profit.，Only "growth" can make up for damage by slowing social production bet365 live casino games and sharing wealth，Find a new lifestyle for humans。

From the perspective of ecological socialism，"Remove Growth" theory emphasizes，Development is first of all development，Because even the most useful activity, you must respect the limits of the earth，It is impossible for any product to "infinitely" production。other，"Going to Grow" emphasizes people in food、Real needs in housing and basic services，instead of mining more and more raw materials and fossil fuel for the capitalist world market。"Repair" also involves the existing consumption model through the democratic consultation process，If it is reported to the non -maintained product as planned as planned。In short，"Decoming" is not only a change of production and consumption model，It is a change of civilization，A kind of unity、Democracy、New lifestyle of equality and respect for the Earth，View imagination、Practice and experience opened space。

　　(The author is the post -doctoral of the Marxist College of East China University of Political Science and Law)