Wang Yangming's life is changing throughout his life，His discussion on Qi，The level of ideological development and learning entry of his learning is closely linked。Yangming youth had "five drowning"，Ren Xia、riding shooting、Resignation、Fairy、Buddha's，Zhengde Bingyin began to be attributed to the sages of sages。This "five drowning" is also summarized by Qian Dehong as the "top three changes"，，Entering the old Buddha，Then when I was sleepy in Juyi, I had the purpose of the sage，Three changes to the way。"Five Drown" and "First Three Characters" are before Yangming returned to the Confucianism，and after this，There are so -called "three changes in teaching" or "latter three changes"，That is, when I live in Guiyang, the first advocates knowing the line，Multi -teachers have been sitting quietly since Luyang，Since Jiang You has taken conscience as the academic purpose。Pre -、The latter three changes have spread widely，But it may not fully meet the actual development trajectory of Yangming thought。About this，Chen Lai has made a comprehensive sorting out in "Is there"，He will first、The latter three changes are integrated into the early journey、Middle -year -old teaching method、Three parts of the realm of later years，So as to dynamically grasp Yang Ming's thoughts。The technique of nourishing qi and qi in the perspective of Wang Yangming's gonggu，It can also be understood in conjunction with the development and changes of Yangming thought。

　　Bet365 lotto review

Yangming's early years of understanding and discussion of Qi，Some of them are associated with the recipes of the Second Biostatic Health Repair，Especially Taoist Fangxian's theory。In the record of Yangming's "Chronicles"，Young Wang Yangming often communicates with Taoist in the broad sense: when Yang Ming is eleven years old，Encountered a prime minister in Chang'an Street, Beijing，Xiangshi said that entering the holy realm and the theory of the holy fetus，Yang Ming feels its words，I often sit still and condense at the time of studying; when Yang Ming was 17 years old，Mrs. Mrs. Zhu's in Hongdu，But on the day of the combination，But he went to Tiezhu Palace，Listening to the theory of health care，Sui Xiang and the right to forget to return，At the beginning of the next time; at the age of thirty，bet365 Play online games Yangming You Jiuhua Mountain，Meet a Taoist Taoist Cai Dingtou in a good talk，Although he stays with ritual，But was still ridiculed by Cai Dingtou; later he heard that there were strangers in the Tibetan Cave，Do not avoid the road Yuanfeng insurance to visit。These records can not help but have the color of the legendary story，But it also reveals such a fact，That is, before Yangming's thoughts mature，Taoist fairy Fangshu said once to indulge in it，The way of Daomen Health is where he focuses on。

Taoism's health theory，is closely linked to the concept of qi。As Xiangshi said to enter the holy realm and the sanctification of the sanctification，Entrepreneurship is to lay the foundation for the sanctuary，The sanctuary of the sanctuary must be performed by refining the gas，This is a common idea of ​​Neidan tradition。This method of refining gas，More specifically it is performed through the way of regulating the guidance。The theory of health of Taoist Taoist priests，2939_2949，But in the legendary interpretation of "Mr. Wang Yangming, the Emperor Confucian Confucian Confucianism"，Feng Menglong reproduced this plot，He believes that Tie Palace Taoist taught Yangming to Yangming is actually a guidance。Okada Wuyan pointed out，This guidance technique actually refers to a method of breathing，This method introduces the qi of the universe into my body，Let it flow in the body，Finally, the mind and nothingness are unknowingly unknowingly combined into one。

Yangming is weak，The pursuit and practice of Taoist health and gas -refining technique，Reality and necessity in his life experience。Because of this，Du Weiming thinks，Yangming's obsession with Dao's parental surgery not only appeared in its early life，And still exist for a long time after some other obsession disappear。In "Biography"，Indeed, a few discussions on Qi from the perspective of Taoist health have been preserved，But these discussions are not very close to Yangming's own thoughts。

from the above，You can roughly summarize Yangming's ideological changes in health and gas refining: youth period，Due to weak constitution and similar temperament，Yang Ming was indeed intoxicated by Taoism's health and gas -refining technique; after returning to the Confucianism，He may still be affected by this doctrine in life，But it is mainly used as a technical means required for health，Delivered by deep thoughts is getting smaller and smaller; when he gets the word "conscience" Bet365 lotto review in his later years，All health and gas -refined techniques must be taken by conscience，Walking on a conscience。Generally speaking，Talk about qi from the perspective of health refining，There is indeed this direction in Yangming's thoughts，But this side is from the time period of time，It is mainly concentrated in his youth。After the thought is mature，Yangming less about this，Even if there are occasional discussions，It is also due to the needs of material physical body，Weaker relationship with his philosophy，This side is not the mainstream in Yangming's theory。

　　The technique of nourishing qi: Haoran Qi and Dark qi

Before Yangming，Mind scholars like Lu Xiangshan、Chen Baisha less talks about how to slim your body from the perspective of qi，When Yangming arrives, it will play and show this meaning。Yang Ming takes time to practice work，On the one hand, it is affected by Taoist health and energy，However, it is more to explain this from the internal of Song and Ming Confucianism。In Song and Ming Confucianism，From the perspective of qi, it is Zhang Hengqu，He proposed the famous "change temperament" theory。If you put your vision longer for a long time，Tattage back to the pre -Qin，、Xun Erzi has discussion about this。Mencius has the saying of "nourishing qi"，Xunzi has the technique of "treating qi"，The two are often considered the two traditions of "qi" in the pre -Qin Confucian thoughts，and have a profound impact on later generations，Yang Ming's discussion of Qi must be placed under this background。

Yang Ming often mention the saying of "changing temperament" when discussing with his own disciples，I hope to remind them that they will not forget to perform work at all times。Zhengde Seven Years，Mental Wang Jingyan will go to the name of the big name，When Wang Jingyan is requested to benefit，Yang Ming told him to pay attention to "change temperament"。Zhengde Eight Years，Yang Ming talked about how to get along with others in a letter to Hu Bozhong, a friend who had been an official to the previous dynasty，It is also said that gentlemen should use "change temperament" as learning。

but，Yangming's use of "changing temperament" is more in daily vocabulary: he told Wang Jingyan as a interest、After changing、Keep calm and calm when being humiliated，It's not too angry and worried，Usually accumulating the merit of temperament，When something comes, the Qi can not move;，It is necessary to keep the festivals not combined with the villain，Don’t be too tough bet365 live casino games and sharp, so as to be injured for no reason。Yangming's understanding of "change temperament"，It is associated with the way of doing things with a wide range of things，This is more like a summary of actual life experience，Not discussed at the philosophical level。

Mencius in pre -Qin Confucianism, Mencius specially heavier qi，Mencius's qi is the most important，One is the Qiran Qi，The second is the night qi。Yang Ming believes that his learning purpose is from Mencius，He attaches great importance to the vast qi and night qi that Mencius said，The use of both words，More unreasonable explanation。

Although Yangming's direct use of the word "vast anger" is not much used，But if you think that Yangming does not pay attention to the Qi Qi，Then it missed its important purpose。Actually，Many of the important propositions in Yangming's thoughts are from Mencius's explanation of Hao Ran's qi。In the Q & A of Mencius and Gongsun Ugly，Around "The Qi of Haoran"，Mencius except talking about the relationship between heart and qi，I also involved Zhizhi、body、Yi、Things and other concepts，These concepts and their problems have also become a very important part of Yangming thought。Holdings，It cannot be used because Yang Ming less uses the words "Haoran Qi"，Breaking the reason he does not pay attention to the discussion of Mencius from the discussion of the Qiran Qi。Through Yangming's "Qi Ran's Qi" chapter、Holdings、Jiyi、Analysis and discussion of things that must have things can be seen，Yangming's understanding of the Qi Ran Qi is not just at the text level，Instead, the theory that it shows it is internalized into your own ideological system，This is the characteristics of Yangming、The inheritance and interpretation of Mencius's theory of Gasmology。

"Mencius"，There is not much discussion on night qi，Seen only in the "Niu Mountain Mu" chapter of "Mencius"，But whether the night qi is the object of work or effort，Can people as the main body can take the initiative to save and support，How to survive and raise it，Mencius does not further explain these problems，So later scholars often think that Mencius's theory of night qi has some experiential and mysteriousness。In "The Complete Works of Wang Yangming"，Yangming mentioned that there are many places where night air is mentioned，He even wrote a special article "Night qi said"。Li Xu attaches great importance to Yangming's explanation of Ye Qi，The most exciting bet365 Play online games place he believes that Yangming's most exciting part of Mencius is the saying of night qi。but，In Yangming's thoughts，The maintenance of night qi is not the ultimate purpose，but just a method and means，It is played with unblocation、Reading function，The target of the target is mainly "rest assured"，Let the "rest assured person" re -understand their conscience sprouts。

In Yangming's theory of qi，Haoran Qi and Ye Qi are undoubtedly the two most important types。Among the two，Hao Ran's qi is expanding in the positive direction，Ye Qi can make up for disadvantages。Yangming follows the doctrine of Hao Ranqi to further exert its entire full play、Holdings、Jiyi、There must be different orientations such as things，Housework has a practical starting point，and the night qi although it is considerable、body，But it is difficult to be the actual operation object of the time，It is even impossible to use this as the mainstream and community for qi -nourishing work。

　　Skills of qi: qi and polite

Yang Ming Although he believes that scholars believe in conscience, they can not be chaotic，However, for ordinary people，It is difficult to keep the state that is not chaotic all the time。In actual life experience，The emotional state of a person is often disturbed by qi，When this is，It must have the time to treat qi，Make Benxin、Conscience regains the right to the individual's physical and mental dominance。Yang Ming when discussing the governance of labor，In particular, paying attention to the restraint of two types of gas，One is the qi，A polite。

The generation of qi is closely linked with my private standing，If the self -consciousness is too strengthened，Not only will you only look at the problem from your own position，I will still insist on my position very stubborn，It is difficult to leave a space for reflection and fault tolerance，So it is the stir of qi。This kind of spirit is more common between literati and scholars，If both sides are concerned about the encouragement and think about it，It will have a dispute over the spirit; once this kind of dispute happens, it will occur in the court，It may not only damage individuals，It will also affect the country's policy of the country with its own bias。Yangming lives in his later years，The first month of the six years of Jiajing，Some of the disciples of Huang Yan and Yangming are in the capital of the court，Yangming Special Book Repair to Huang Yan，Remind him to remember not to be confused。

Compared with the qi，bet365 Play online games The existence of politeness is even more common，The harm is also greater。Yang Ming pointed out in many places that polite negative effects，A gentleman is in the process of changing temperament，We must try to overcome the adverse effects of polite。Haining Dong Luoshi，In the early years, he was named and rivers and lakes with poetry and text，Later, I heard Yangming's knowledge of conscience，Xin Yuecheng Service，Six 88 years old, who has abandoned his studies at the age of 68 and switched to under the gate of Yangming，Yang Ming sighs that it can be defeated by people in order to pursue holy science，Writing "From the Remembrance of the Taoist"。In this article，Yang Ming take Dong Luoshi as an example，Praise he can not be affected by polite。Yangming frequently mentioned politeness in different places，This should not be accidental，Instead, he does have a deeper understanding of the harm of polite。From the root of the disease，polite disturbance，In the final analysis, because the selfish desire has not been cleaned up。This point has a clear explanation in "Answer Lu Yuan Jing's Book": "Private desire、polite，One disease and two pains，Non -two things also。”

The emergence of qi and politeness is because，The subject itself is in private，Can't think about it from the perspective of the Grand Duke to Zheng，So the appearance of these two kinds of gas is closely related to the rise of selfish desire，Once it appears，It will hinder conscience to play normal functions。Yang Ming's governance work is not too much focused on the external ritual system's constraints，Instead, the choice level of the cultivation of moral consciousness and moral judgment，His so -called qi，It is mainly limited to the ethical field。

　Conscience and Qi

Can you say，Yangming theory of nourishing qi to inherits Mencius，What about the governance of qi? Generally speaking，Yangming's qi at the level of work，According to the science, it is still mainly inherited from Mencius，and have little relationship with Xunzi。

Actually，Yangming himself rarely talks about Xunzi's learning，"Biography" mentioned twice in Xunzi，Yangming does not have a strong identity as valuable as much as Mencius's learning for Mencius。Although Xunzi has the technique of treating qi，But the qi he treats is blood，Is a biased temperament，The method of treating qi is mainly to redefine the temperament of the person through the form of the external ritual and music，Of course, this temperament also has moral bet365 best casino games ingredients，But it is not completely morally the theoretical core。

Chen Lisheng is summing up Meng、The difference between Xun Erzi when the self -cultivation work is considered，Mencius adopts an expansion mode from the inside out，Xunzi adopted a modification mode from the outside。Li Xu further pointed out on this basis，Mencius Destiny — Nourishing qi — Practicing the shape is the ontology of the "sincerity of sincerity"，and Xunzi by the rules of the self -cultivation of qi is "the teaching of self -consciousness" by Gongfu to shape the body。To say，Yang Ming discussed more about an expansion mode，And this model attaches more importance to expand from the body level，So he regards nourishing qi or cure，I often connect with my own conscience learning to invent。

Further,，The qi in Yangming's thoughts and the qi cured are actually the same，Nourishing qi and qi is not a two sets of independent work system developed for different objects，qi、The qi that treats polite is just the deviation and twist of the original qi。Dangqi expands in the direction of conscience and mind，It can be sent to the Qiran Qi、Ye Qi; the operation of the air deviates from the orbit of conscience，Mixed entanglement with selfish desire，It will be alienated into qi、polite。In the final analysis，It is nothing more。

(the author is a lecturer at the University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)