Wang Yangming’s thoughts changed throughout his life,His discussion of bonus bet365,It is closely related to his ideological development process and level of cultural advancement。Yangming had “five drownings” in his youth,Ren Xia、Mounted Shooting、Chapter、Fairy、Founder,Zhengde Bingyin returned to the school of sages。These "five drownings" were also summarized by Qian Dehong as the "first three changes",That is, the words from a young age,I have been in and out of Buddha,When you are trapped in a foreign country, you will receive the sage’s instructions,Three changes lead to the Tao。The "Five Drownings" and the "First Three Changes" were before Yangming returned to Confucianism,And after this,There is also the so-called "Three Changes of Teaching" or "The Last Three Changes",When he lived in Guiyang, he first advocated the unity of knowledge and action,Since Chuyang, many scholars have been taught meditation,Since Jiang You, conscience has been the academic purpose。Previous、Although the theory of the last three changes is widely circulated,But it may not be completely in line with the actual development trajectory of Yangming’s thought。About this,Chen Lai has done a comprehensive review in "The Realm of Being and Absence",He will go forward、The theory of the last three changes is integrated into the early history、Teaching method for middle-aged people、Three parts of transformation in old age,Thus dynamically grasping Yangming’s thoughts。For the techniques of nourishing bonus bet365 and treating bonus bet365 from the perspective of Wang Yangming’s Kung Fu Theory,It can also be understood in conjunction with the development and changes of Yangming’s thought。
Early Years: Maintaining Health and Refining bonus bet365
Yangming’s understanding and discussion of bonus bet365 in his early years,Some of them are related to the health-preserving practices of the Buddha and Lao Er clan,Especially the Taoist theory of magical magic。In the records of Yangming's "Annals",Young Wang Yangming often associates with Taoists in a broad sense: when Yangming was eleven years old,Meet a fortune teller on Chang'an Street in the capital,The physiognomist told me about entering the holy realm and having a holy pregnancy,Yangming appreciates his words,Since then, I often sit and meditate when reading;When Yangming was seventeen,Welcome Mrs. Zhu to Hongdu,But on the day of union,He wandered into the Iron Pillar Palace,Listen to a Taoist priest’s talk about health care,Then he sat opposite and forgot to return,It will be the next morning;At the age of thirty,Yangming Tours Jiuhua Mountain,Meet Cai Pengtou, a Taoist priest who is good at talking about immortality,Although he treated him with courtesy,But still ridiculed by Cai Pengtou;Later I heard that there was a stranger in Ksitigarbha Cave,Don’t avoid the danger of traveling far away and make a special trip to visit。Although these records are somewhat legendary,But it also reveals the fact,That is, before Yangming’s thoughts matured,The Taoist theory of magical magic once made him addicted to it,Taoist health-preserving methods are what he focuses on。
Taoist theory of health care,It is closely related to the concept of bonus bet365。As the fortune teller said, entering the holy realm and having a holy pregnancy,Entering the Holy Realm is to lay the foundation for the Holy Conception,The birth of a holy child must be carried out through the method of refining bonus bet365,This is a common idea in the inner alchemy tradition。This method of refining bonus bet365,More specifically, it is carried out through breath management and guidance。Tiezhugong Taoist’s advice on health care,Although it is not recorded in detail in the Chronicle,But in the legendary interpretation of "The Origin of Mr. Wang Yangming, the Great Confucian of the Imperial Ming Dynasty",Feng Menglong reproduced this plot,He believes that what the Tiezhu Palace Taoist taught Yang Ming is actually a guidance technique。Okada Takehiko pointed out,This guidance technique actually refers to a breathing method,This method introduces the energy of the universe into your body,Let it flow within the body,Finally realize that mind and nothingness become one unconsciously。
Yangming’s constitution is weak,The pursuit and practice of Taoist health-preserving and bonus bet365-refining techniques,Reality and necessity in his life experience。Because of this,Du Weiming thinks,Yangming’s fascination with Taoist birth control techniques not only appeared in his early life,And persisted long after some of his other crushes faded。In "Traditional Records",There are indeed still several discussions on bonus bet365 from the perspective of Taoist health care,But these discussions are not very closely related to Yangming’s own thoughts。
From the above,You can roughly summarize the changes in Yangming’s thoughts on health preservation and bonus bet365 refining: his teenage years,Due to physical weakness and congenial temperament, etc.,Yangming was indeed obsessed with Taoist health-preserving and bonus bet365-refining techniques for a time;After returning to Confucianism,He may still be influenced by this doctrine in his lifestyle,But it is mainly used as a technical means for health care,I am less and less affected by it in my deep thoughts;Wait until he comes up with the word "conscience" in his later years,All health-preserving and bonus bet365-refining techniques must be governed by conscience,Act according to conscience。In general,Discussing bonus bet365 from the perspective of health maintenance and bonus bet365 refining,There is indeed this dimension in Yangming’s thought,But this aspect has its own stages,That is, mainly concentrated in his youth。When your thoughts mature,Yangming has little to say about this,Even if there are occasional discussions,It is also due to the needs of the material body,Weakly related to his philosophical thoughts,This aspect is not mainstream in Yangming’s theory of bonus bet365。
The art of nourishing bonus bet365: Haoran bonus bet365 and Night bonus bet365
Before Yangming,Psychological scholars such as Lu Xiangshan、Chen Baisha rarely talks about how to cultivate oneself and do kung fu from the perspective of bonus bet365,When we arrived at Yangming, we carried out and demonstrated this meaning。Yangming uses bonus bet365 to practice Kung Fu,On the one hand, it is influenced by Taoist health and bonus bet365 refining,However, this is more elucidated from within the Neo-Confucianism of the Song and Ming dynasties。In Neo-Confucianism of Song and Ming Dynasties,Zhang Hengqu was the first to discuss self-cultivation from the perspective of bonus bet365,He put forward the famous theory of "changing temperament"。And if we take a longer-term view,Dating back to pre-Qin Dynasty,Zemeng、Both Xunzi and Xunzi have discussed this。Mencius said about "nourishing bonus bet365",Xunzi has the art of "curing bonus bet365",These two are often considered to constitute the two major traditions in pre-Qin Confucianism that use "bonus bet365" to describe Kung Fu,And had a profound impact on future generations,Yangming’s discussion of bonus bet365 must be placed in this context。
Yangming often mentioned the theory of "changing temperament" when discussing studies with his disciples,I hope this will remind them to never forget to practice Kung Fu。The seventh year of Zhengde,Protégé Wang Jingyan will be appointed as an official,When Wang Jingyan asked for help before leaving,Yangming told him to pay attention to "changing temperament"。The eighth year of Zhengde,When Yangming talked about how to get along with others in his letter to his friend Hu Bozhong, who was an official in the same court,bonus bet365 also said that a gentleman should learn from "changing his temperament"。
But,Yangming's use of "changing temperament" is more in daily vocabulary: he told Wang Jingyan what was going on、After changes、Remain calm and collected when you are humiliated,Not too angry and worried,The merits of daily changes in temperament,Only when something happens can his energy remain unmoved;He encouraged Hu Bozhong to learn from Liu Xiahui’s kindness,We must maintain our reputation and not get involved with villains,Don’t be so tough and harsh that you will be slandered for no reason。Yangming’s understanding of “changing temperament”,bonus bet365 related to the broad sense of self-cultivation and the way of doing things,This is more like a summary of actual life experience,Rather than a philosophical discussion。
In Pre-Qin Confucianism, Mencius placed special emphasis on nourishing bonus bet365,There are two most important aspects of bonus bet365 discussed by Mencius,One is the awe-inspiring spirit,The second one is night air。Yangming believed that the purpose of his knowledge came from Mencius,He attaches great importance to the bonus bet365 of Haoran and the bonus bet365 of Night mentioned by Mencius,Use of existing words,A more rational explanation。
Although Yangming does not directly use the word "awe-inspiring spirit" much,But if you think that Yangming does not pay attention to the aura of Haoran,That would miss the point。Actually,Many important propositions in Yangming’s thought are derived from Mencius’ elucidation of the bonus bet365 of Haoran。In the question and answer between Mencius and Gongsun Chou,Revolving around the "Awesome Spirit",Mencius besides talking about the relationship between heart and bonus bet365,Also involved Chi、body、righteousness、Concepts such as things,These concepts and the issues involved have also become a very important part of Yangming’s thought。Therefore,It’s not because Yangming rarely uses the words “awesome spirit”,Conclude that he does not pay attention to the righteousness dimension revealed by Mencius in the discussion of Haoran bonus bet365。By Yang Ming’s chapter on “The bonus bet365 of Haoran”、Zhizhi、Jiyi、The analysis and discussion of things must be done can be seen,Yangming’s understanding of Haoran’s bonus bet365 does not just stop at the literal level,Instead, he has internalized the theoretical aspects he revealed into his own ideological system,This is Yangming’s characteristic、Inheritance and elucidation of Mencius’ theory of Haoran’s bonus bet365。
"Mencius" in the book,There is not much discussion about night air,Only found in the "Tree of Niu Shan" chapter of "Mencius·Gaozi",But is night air the object of Kung Fu or the effect of Kung Fu,As the subject, can people take the initiative to conserve,How to save and maintain specifically,Mencius did not elaborate further on these issues,So later generations of scholars often believe that Mencius’s theory of night air has some experiential and mysterious qualities。In "The Complete Works of Wang Yangming",Yangming mentioned the night air in many places,He even wrote a special article "The Theory of Night Air"。Li Xu attaches great importance to Yangming’s analysis of night air,He believes that Yangming’s most brilliant use of Mencius’ thought on nourishing bonus bet365 is the theory of night bonus bet365。But,In Yangming’s thoughts,The preservation of night air is not the ultimate goal,It’s just a method and means,It functions as unmasking、The role of remediation,The targets are mainly "people who can rest assured",Let the "reassuring person" re-understand the origin of his conscience。
In Yangming’s theory of nourishing bonus bet365,The aura of greatness and the energy of night are undoubtedly the two most important ones。Of the two,The aura of greatness focuses on positive expansion,Night air can make up for the shortcomings。Yangming followed the theory of Haoran bonus bet365 and further developed his body、Zhizhi、Jiyi、There must be something different and other aspects,There are practical ways to start with Kungfu,Although the night air is considerable、Keti,But it is difficult to be used as the actual operation object of Kung Fu,It is even less likely that this will be the mainstream and mainstream of bonus bet365-nurturing Kung Fu。
The art of treating bonus bet365: spirit and politeness
Although Yangming believes that scholars can not be confused by anger if they trust their conscience,However, for ordinary people,It is difficult to maintain a state of not being disturbed by anger。In actual life experience,People’s emotional state is often disturbed by bonus bet365,At this time,You need to work hard to control your bonus bet365,make the original intention、Conscience regains control over individual body and mind。Yangming was discussing bonus bet365-governing Kung Fu,Pay special attention to the restraint of the two types of bonus bet365,One is the spirit,Just to be polite。
The generation of spirit is closely related to the uprightness of the ego,If self-awareness is too strengthened,You will not only look at problems from your own standpoint,She will also stick to her position very stubbornly,bonus bet365 difficult to leave room for reflection and error tolerance,This is the excitement。This kind of spirit is more common among literati and scholars,If both parties are encouraged to think and act,There will be a dispute of emotions;Once this kind of dispute occurs in the court,It may not only cause personal harm,He will also use his own bias to affect the country's major policies。Yangming Juyue in his later years,The first month of the sixth year of Jiajing,Huang Wan and some of Yangming’s disciples got caught up in the political disputes between the imperial court and the imperial court in the capital,Yangming specially edited a book and sent it to Huang Wan,Remind him not to engage in conflicts of temper。
Compared with spirit,The presence of politeness is more common,The harm is greater。Yangming pointed out the negative effects of politeness in many places,A gentleman in the process of changing his temperament,Strive to overcome the negative effects of politeness。Haining Dong Luoshi,In his early years, he became famous for his poems and essays,Later I heard about Yang Ming’s Conscience Theory,Sincerely convinced,At the age of sixty-eight, he abandoned what he had learned and switched to Yangming’s sect,Yangming marveled at his ability to stoop to others in pursuit of holy knowledge,Written the article "Records of Congwu Taoist"。In this article,Yangming took Dong Luoshi as an example,Praise him for not being affected by politeness。Yangming frequently mentioned the concept of politeness in different places,This should not be a coincidence,But he does have a deeper understanding of the dangers of politeness。From the root of the disease,Polite disturbance,In the final analysis, bonus bet365 because selfish desires have not been purified。Yangming clearly explained this in "Reply to Lu Yuanjingshu": "Selfish Desires、You’re welcome,One disease, two pains,Not two things。”
The emergence of enthusiasm and politeness is due to the unhealthy mind and body,The subject himself is trapped in his selfishness,I can no longer think and act from the perspective of justice,So the emergence of these two kinds of bonus bet365 is closely related to the rise of selfish desires,And once it appears,It will hinder the normal function of conscience。Yangming’s bonus bet365-governing skills do not focus too much on the constraints of external rituals on the personal body,But put it at the level of cultivating moral awareness and making moral judgments,His so-called treatment of bonus bet365,It is mainly limited to the field of ethics。
Conscience and bonus bet365
Can you tell me,Yangming’s theory on nourishing bonus bet365 is inherited from Mencius,As for the treatment of bonus bet365, it is inherited from Xunzi?Overall,Yangming discusses bonus bet365 from the perspective of Gongfu,According to academic theory, it is mainly inherited from Mencius,It has little to do with Xunzi。
Actually,Yangming himself seldom talked about Xunzi’s knowledge,Xunzi Chuju is mentioned twice in "Zhuanxilu",Yangming did not have as strong a recognition of the value of Xunzi’s learning as he did for Mencius’ learning。Although Xunzi has the art of healing bonus bet365,But the energy he treats is blood energy,It is a biased temperament,The method of controlling bonus bet365 is mainly to reshape people’s temperament through external rituals and music,Of course this temperament also has a moral component,But it is not entirely based on morality as the theoretical core。
Chen Lisheng is summarizing Meng、Xunzi’s opinion on the difference in self-cultivation skills,Mencius adopts an expansion model from the inside out,Xunzi adopts an outside-in transformation model。Li Xu further pointed out on this basis,Mencius’ self-cultivation method of cultivating the mind, nourishing the bonus bet365, and practicing the body is the essence of “self-honesty and clear understanding of nature”,Xunzi’s law of self-cultivation based on etiquette to control bonus bet365 is the essence of “self-explanation and sincerity”, which is shaped by gongfu。Key words,What Yangming discussed is more of an expanded model,And this model pays more attention to expansion from the ontology level,So whether he talks about nourishing bonus bet365 or treating bonus bet365,They often invent in connection with their own conscience and knowledge。
Going further,The bonus bet365 that is nourished and the bonus bet365 that is controlled in Yangming’s thought are actually the same kind of bonus bet365,Nourishing bonus bet365 and regulating bonus bet365 are not two independent Kung Fu systems developed for different objects,Emotion、The bonus bet365 controlled by politeness and so on are just deviations and distortions of the original bonus bet365。When the bonus bet365 expands in the direction of conscience and mind,Then it can be released into awe-inspiring aura、Night Air;When the movement of bonus bet365 deviates from the track of conscience,Mixed and entangled with selfish desires,will be alienated into spirit、You’re welcome。In the final analysis,It’s just one breath。
(The author is a lecturer bonus bet365 School of Philosophy, University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)
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