British mathematician、Philosopher Alfred North Whitehead founded process philosophy,Considering that the world is not a collection of physical things,It is the generation and replacement of relational reality,Reality is the ultimate reality that constitutes the world。The real world is a process,The process is composed of events,End of past events,New event starts,Past events influence present events,Present events "ingest" past events and future possibilities - the process is the combination of the eternity of absent past events and the reality of present events,Various events tolerate each other in the unfolding process、Mutual involvement,Formation of generative reality。Starting from this process principle,Whitehead constructed a unique view of bet with bet365、Axiology、Aesthetics and Cosmology,These theories contain rich and profound ecological thoughts,Exhibiting the inner spiritual trend from process to ecology。
Organic unified view of bet with bet365
Criticism of the mechanistic view of bet with bet365 represented by Descartes’ mind-matter dualism in traditional Western philosophy,Advocates an organic view of bet with bet365 that “seems closer to certain ideological characteristics of India or China”,It is the basic thinking tendency of Whitehead’s philosophy。This lays the foundation for the view of bet with bet365 for the ecological direction of process philosophy。
First,“Relationship” dominates “bet with bet365”。In Whitehead’s view,Every event is composed of relationships with other events,There is no completely independent individual thing。bet with bet365 is the unity of relational body and moving body,Having the characteristics of "living body",All bet with bet365 is a "living" act as events and processes of living organisms。This "living" behavior means that every event is a subject,They are in a community。The interactions between various events in the community、Interdependence、Mutual conversion,The relationship between them is more important than the entities they are。The internal relationship between events can be expressed as an extended and covered relationship,“Every event is inherently unique and incomparable。What is comparable is the object and the relationship between the object and the event"。From this,Whitehead believes,The split view of bet with bet365 that divides bet with bet365 into two systems of reality (bet with bet365 apprehended in consciousness and bet with bet365 as the cause of consciousness) is extremely erroneous - it seeks to describe a system of events and their relationships. Holistic bet with bet365。
Secondly,Events encompass each other。Whitehead believes,“Every reality exists within every other reality”。In other words,Every reality is a part of another reality,Also contains other realities,Or there are interconnected parts between different realities,All reality exists only in relationship to other realities。Introduction,Every reality is intrinsically connected to the entire world,Ability to holographically reflect the entire world。In this holographic reflection,bet with bet365 is constantly evolving creatively as a unified entity。“bet with bet365 is presented as an event,It is ephemeral in bet with bet365。There is no such thing as standing still、Let us take a good look at bet with bet365。”Therefore,The universe is naturally not a simple collection of interconnected events,But the interconnection between events、Organic unity,The mutual inclusion of countless events forms a continuous continuation、The dynamically developing holistic bet with bet365。
Finally,bet with bet365 has creative progress。Whitehead emphasizes,bet with bet365 is not only an organic moving whole,And it is an endless creative process。The root of natural creativity lies in the actual subjectivity。Every reality is in an unfinished stage of the process,They have the unity of the subject,Achieve creative harmony in integration due to mutual “apprehension”。Natural creativity also manifests as selectivity。Each event plays a different role in the evolution of natural organisms and produces corresponding results,The impact of every event is felt throughout the world,But they are all within their control。So,Natural selectivity means harmonious evolution,It means more creative generation towards the realm of novelty。
The bet with bet365 of Inner Symbiosis
Whitehead opposes mechanical materialism regarding the fact that real events themselves are insensible、Worthless opinion,And see the whole world as having emotions、Valuable organism,Bridging the gap between facts and values,Opening up the channel connecting humans and bet with bet365。This provides axiological guarantee for the ecological connotation of process philosophy。
In the book "Science and the Modern World",Whitehead once said,He is the same as the Romantic poets,Use “value” to explain the intrinsic reality of events,And protest against the exclusion of values from factual elements。So-called intrinsic value,means the value that something has internally and serves as an end in itself。Suffering from the common “misplaced concreteness fallacy”,People tend to simply regard all things in bet with bet365 as a means to achieve an end。This tendency has become stronger due to the development of modern science。For example,There is an abstract process in physics,Don’t ask about the thing itself,The things in it are considered only in terms of their external reality。Modern science and the "Descartes' scientific theory of material particles without intrinsic value" as its philosophical foundation have produced two extremely serious consequences: one is "ignoring the true relationship between each organism and the environment",The second is "the habit of disregarding the intrinsic value of the environment"。When considering the ultimate goal,The intrinsic value of the environment must be fully estimated。
The basis of intrinsic value theory lies in,Any reality is an intake、An ingested subject,It can absorb the influence of previous actual objects into itself,Then respond to them in self-determined ways。When a reality presents and expresses itself through this non-sensory intake,The intrinsic value of the material world or bet with bet365 is revealed,Because they are full of vitality、Full of passion、A pulsating complex that pursues and realizes value。Vice versa,Perception through the senses (especially vision),Those things that can be received in the ingestion are transformed,Not only the value component of the material world will be lost,And the richness of sense objects、Integrity will also be filtered。In the progress of modern science,The subjective bet with bet365 of the material world、Emotional bet with bet365 continues to weaken,Objective、Continuous strengthening of pure geometry,The consequence is the evaporation of the intrinsic value of the material world。
The inherent value of reality is not independent and independent,It is collaborative and symbiotic。Starting from the basic premise that “relationship” dominates “bet with bet365”,Whitehead believes,Everything comes from its cluster relationship,and is internally composed of these cluster relationships。Cluster relationships are fundamental。A seemingly independent entity,For example, a photon,In fact, it is a pattern composed of many cluster relationships-it is the cluster relationships and the entire world that work together to produce a new creation。Therefore,The intrinsic value of any reality must be related to each other、Interdependent and symbiotic。The equal intrinsic value of all life forms and their related symbiosis,The entire biosphere is endless、The power and guarantee of prosperity。
Dynamic and bet with bet365 aesthetics
Whitehead starts from process philosophy and relational thinking,Criticized the metaphysical bet with bet365 of traditional aesthetics。He uses the novelty of process philosophy、Creativity is the principle,Proof of the process of beauty、Adventure and Harmony。This sublimates the aesthetic connotation of the ecological construction of process philosophy。
First,Beauty lies in the process。Whitehead believes,“Beauty is the mutual adaptation between factors in an empirical state of affairs”。Procedural bet with bet365 are the end of the universe、The smallest unit,“It is the ultimate reality that constitutes the world,It is impossible to find anything more substantial”。The universe is composed of interconnected "movements",Continuously changing in the process。This dynamicity always runs through the process of beauty generation,Every "movement" is felt all the time、Judgment、Choose,And the relationship between beauty is generated and evolved。This "intake" is "aesthetic synthesis" in Whitehead's sense,It is an aesthetic presentation of ecological process。
Secondly,Beauty lies in harmony。In Whitehead’s view,Beauty involves the relationship between the components of reality、The relationship between the various components in the phenomenon,And the relationship between phenomena and reality。The teleology of the universe is to lead to the production of beauty。There are different levels of beauty,There are also secondary forms and primary forms,The primary form of beauty presupposes the secondary form。Primary and secondary forms of beauty、The overall feeling and partial feeling of beauty promote each other、Mutual improvement,Contrasts that are interwoven together into a certain pattern,Making beauty a quality that exemplifies itself in actual bet with bet365。“When the qualities that make up a phenomenon are intertwined into contrasting patterns,Thus the grasp of the whole of the parts produces the fullest harmony of mutual support,The phenomenon is beautiful at this time。”Also,From the perspective of aesthetic order,Diversity、Difference is crucial,Only the relationship between diversity and the harmony between differences can continuously produce a state of beauty and a realm of beauty。The harmonious relationship between social diversity and cultural difference provides the "driving force and raw material" for humanity's spiritual journey,This is a vast universe、The natural state of social life,Is an inexhaustible source of beauty,It is also the harmonious beauty of ecological integrity。
Finally,bet with bet365 lies in adventure。Whitehead believes,“Perfect bet with bet365 can be defined as perfect harmony;Perfect harmony is a principal form that is perfect both in detail and in final composition”。The so-called "perfection" of the subject form,It means that the main form does not contain mutually inhibiting sensory components。But,The kind of suppression that can explain the finitude of the subject form does not impair perfection。This is because there are lower and higher perfections,All perfect realizations are limited,An imperfection aiming at a higher kind exceeds a lower perfection。There is incompatibility between different types of perfection,This dissonance can itself be devastating、Evil,But it can provide a positive feeling for bet with bet365,Quickly transfer the exhausted bland perfection to another ideal with a fresh breath。Overcoming Inhibitions、The journey through dissonance requires adventure,Need for “healthy adventure”,This "adventurous spirit" is the pursuit of new perfection,It is an aesthetic exploration of ecological creativity。
(The author is a professor at the School bet with bet365, Wuhan University of Technology)
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