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　　The research method of Aristotle's "Animals" is quite similar to Ting Bogen's so -called "wide observation"。The structure of his hundreds of animals in "Animalism"、Habits and behaviors made a detailed description，Try to examine the differences between animals，Ask the reason behind it。Although "Animalism" is also about human discussion，But because "people are political animals"，So the understanding of the person itself is not in "Animals"，and can only be in "Political Science" and "Settlement of School"。"Animal" and "Man" in the philosophical sense is completely separated，It is the infrastructure of human self -cognition for thousands of years later，"The essence of people and animals" is a prerequisite for the glorious tradition of humanism。 

　　The increasing natural science of the 19th century，Constantly subverting human classical cognition。Published by Darwin's "Species" in 1859，Freud is called by human beings as the second "Dian Nian Di Di Di Creative Experience"。Later, no matter how the philosophy strives to continuously reshape the "high wall" of "the difference between the essence of people and animals"，But the scientific bet365 Play online games facts of humans as animals in natural evolution，determines the inevitable opening of the new research field。 

　　The 1950s and 1960s，Conrad Lorenz and Nicolas Tingbergen and others founded animal behavior。They emphasized that they need to conduct extensive observation in the natural environment，Flowing the reasons for the behavior of various animals、Mechanism、Evolution and individuals provide a scientific interpretation。Research on animal behavior learning profoundly，Morris's "Naked Ape Trilogy"、Wilson's "Social Biology: New Comprehensive" and other important works have been released in succession，Open a one -by -study animal society behavior，Promote behavior of human beings，Even ethics、Research path of phenomenon such as cultural customs，Causes severe response in the social science community。In the past decades，Animal Behavior、Animal Cognition、Animal benefits and animal ethics、Research and development in the fields of behavior and philosophy rapidly。Some research with international reputation，For example, Jane Guder、Francus Dwar、Richard Doukins、The works of Peter Singh and others，It has been spread in my country。 

　　In order to promote the field of philosophy and social science research, the attention of "animal behavior learning methodology"，We organized this column。The column includes three articles: "Why the World bet365 live casino games is regular -the argumentation of philosophical anthropology and philosophical zoos".，Make an original answer to the question of "why the world is regular"。"Wide Observation and Animal Behavior Method Theory" summarizes the methodology that Ting Bogen emphasizes the need to conduct extensive observation of animal behavior in natural environment，and demonstrate the general methodology value of experimental philosophy and social scientific research on this method。"New Method Theory of Animal Mind Questions" discusses explaining the theory of Affordance (Affordance) theory，It is proposed that animal mental research should be expanded from perception -action research to explanation of animal social activities。We look forward to the combination of animal behavior research and philosophical research，Can develop more new paths for the methodology of Chinese philosophy and social science research。 

　　Why is there regularity in the world-The argumentation of philosophy anthropology and philosophy zoology 

　　Abstract: The law contains both sexual aspects，It also contains dependence aspects: production means that the world runs in such a way and produces such events; dependence means There is such a connection (regularization)。The principles of the universe anthropology provides general structures of philosophical anthropology argument，The philosophical zoos of the expansion of philosophy anthropology resort to the "congenital Bet365 app download inevitability" of a certain anthropology: if there is no regular，Some animals on the evolution ladder (regular conditional reflection ability) will not survive，Humans will not appear; since humans have appeared，So the world is regular。The inspection of philosophical zoos and philosophical anthropology can provide motivation for human beings to seek regular behavior。When humans are still animals at a certain stage, they already live in the world with specific habits，When human beings gain consciousness，This kind of rule survival constitutes "preliminary intention": when this intention is not satisfied，Human beings will compare it through reflection，Content when reproduceing satisfaction，The relationship between the "goal" and "result" in the content constitutes an example of an unknown law -、The concept of cause and effect of pan Spirit is generated。The generalization of causality shown in the examples forms a clear law in consciousness。The description of "Habits Stimulates the Concept of Causes" is different from Hume's cognitive habits，It is a deepening of a philosophical anthropology of Kant's innate intellectual category。 

　　Keywords:Law  Philosophy Anthropology  Universe Anthropology  Philosophy Zoology  Habits 

　　AuthorYan Qingshan，Professor of the Department of Philosophy of East China Normal University (Shanghai 200241)。 

    Wide observation and animal behavioral methodology 

　　Abstract:Around the 1950s，Lorez、Ting Bogen Bet365 app download and others established and developed animal behavior。In terms of methodology，They particularly emphasized to observe extensive behavior in target animals in natural environment。This is not only the particularity of animal behavior research，There is also a general methodological meaning。It can be found that the basic features of the way to enter the road through the animal behavior studies of Ting Bogen can be widely observed，Then clarify the reasons for supporting priority topics，and the relationship between observation and experiments。Ting Bogen's theory has the enlightenment significance of the methodology of experimental philosophy -experimental philosophy method should not be understood as a tool discovered。I am rather，They are control experiments based on extensive observation，Its cognitive value is mainly inspection and defense，instead of discovering new facts。From the perspective of methodology，The social science field aimed at exploring the behavior of human groups and human social organizations，The cognitive value of the widely observed method should be paid to。 

　　Keywords:Broadly observed  Control Experiment  Experimental Philosophy 

　　AuthorLiu Xiaotao，Professor of the Department of Philosophy of Shanghai University; Zhou Congjia，Master's degree from the School of Philosophy of Fudan University。(Shanghai 200433) 

　　Dynamic fate: New methodology of animal mental problems  

　　Abstract: Traditional opinion thinks，The significance of the external world is given by the psychological processing mechanism of animals。In recent years，This view is fiercely refuted by ecological psychology。but，Due to ecological psychology, the role of brain neurons is rarely talked about in theoretical development，Therefore, whether the physical foundation or biological mechanism of its theory exists，It is also questioned and criticized by traditional characterism and computing scholars。But，Through surveys of some research results of the Neo -neuroma,，The significance of the external world can actually be directly obtained through the sensory organs of animals，This undoubtedly provides strong neuroscience support for the theoretical paradigm of inverseism。At the same time，It also demonstrates that animal minds are not as simple as our tradition.，Psychological representation and its related theories are not the best solution to explain the mind。 

　　Keywords:Dynamics  Psychological representation  Animal mind  Animal Cognition  Social Dynamics 

　　AuthorXue Shaohua，Associate Professor of the Institute of Science and Technology and Social Sciences at the School of Humanities and Social Sciences of Beijing University of Technology (Beijing 100081)。