Where does the mind come from？Or where does self come from，Where does rationality come from，Where does the ability to recognize come from？Early 20th century，William James starts from doubting the substantiality of consciousness，denied the superior transcendent self and spiritual entity，Considering that pure experience is the basis of so-called transcendental entities，Pure experience as the flow of immediate life "supplies the material for our later reflections and their conceptual categories"。1930s，Piaget’s genetic epistemology also asks about the origin and genetic mechanism of knowledge，Considering that thinking is not a psychological trait that emerges when an individual reaches a certain age，There is a continuity between the acquisition of sensory-motor intelligence and the occurrence of conceptual representations，“Verbal and reflective intelligence are based on concrete or sensory-motor intelligence”。Contemporary Anthropology、Linguistics、Brain Science、Biology is also interested in the origins bet365 live casino games mental characteristics that represent the highest human achievements。This research interest that has lasted for more than a hundred years has made people see，Mind、The origin of self and reason is an important issue that continues to update in the field of modern thought。

　　The physical bet365 live casino games basis of perception

Perceptual process as the simplest level of consciousness or mind，are cognitive functions developed by an organism during its embodied history。The so-called embodied history，It means that the realization of perception is a generative process in which the body participates。1945，Proposed by Merleau-Ponty in "The Phenomenology of Perception"，The perceptual process is mediated by physical experience，Achieved by integrating different aspects of an object seen from different perspectives。In other words，The process of perception is not a moment，Not even the object present in the field of view at any time，But it implies a premise，That is, "I" imagine my body as a moving object，In various stages of movement towards the perceptual object，My body retains its identity，This allows "I" to draw all the familiar sights together internally，to interpret the perceptual object and construct it as it actually is。The "Reorganization and Adaptation of Hand-Eye Coordination in Dependence on Reincoming Stimuli" experiment conducted by Held and Hein in 1958，Provides a verification from the animal perception acquisition process。Experimental proof，Those kittens who were deprived bet365 live casino games freedom to move and explore early in life，The behavior looks like they are blind: they stumble and bump into things，And fell over the edge。This experiment supports a generative view of perception，That is, the object is not directly seen through visual feature extraction，It is seen through the guidance of vision through physical activities。This is also one bet365 live casino games main views bet365 live casino games embodied cognition approach in contemporary cognitive science。

　Embodiment of bet365 live casino games structure and bet365 live casino games understanding

Linguistic or conceptual structure is not some a priori characteristic inherent in the human mind，But based on human perception-motor experience，The product of layer-by-layer abstraction in the form of metaphor or topology。An important direction of linguistics is through the study of language structure、Analysis of language understanding，Understand the characteristics and mechanisms bet365 live casino games human mind。Chomsky’s “transformative-generative grammar” view is one bet365 live casino games most influential arguments in the 20th century。Chomsky will 17、Redevelopment bet365 live casino games language part of rationalist psychology in the 18th century，Proposes that the analysis of language cannot just stop at the surface structure bet365 live casino games corpus，At the same time, the organizing principles of deep mental operations need to be explained。The mind’s transformation between the deep structure and surface structure of language、The ability to represent is innate。Chomsky’s linguistic argument refutes the view of language acquisition based on empiricism，Believe that human language creativity and artistry make all forms of education seem powerless。

Chomsky’s argument about the relationship between language and mind has been widely influential，But in how the mind realizes the understanding of language，His description did not provide further details。People asked further questions，If the understanding of language is only a representation and transformation，Then，Does a computer that also represents and transforms symbols understand the symbols it processes?？Searle’s Chinese Room thought experiment is a visual description of this questioning。Based on this，The new generation of linguists strive to prove，The understanding of concepts and language is not the automatic completion of some mental structure，It is achieved by "grounding" the body's perception-movement experience in a metaphorical way。This theory of language understanding known as the indexical hypothesis states，People’s understanding of word symbols has gone through three stages: the first stage is that words are indexed or mapped to perceptual symbols，For example, the word "desk" is indexed to the visual and tactile perceptual image bet365 live casino games table；The second stage，Perceptual symbols further bring environmental information related to them；The third stage，Determine whether the environmental information meshes with the perceptual symbol。According to this explanation，The meaning of a symbol cannot be understood simply by relating it to other symbols，As shown in the Chinese Room thought experiment，Understanding must be grounded in some way。So-called grounding，That is, symbols are indexed or mapped to the content bet365 live casino games perceptual system。Therefore，“Meaning is embodied，It arises from the biomechanical properties bet365 live casino games body and perceptual systems”。

　　Initial conditions for bet365 live casino games

From the perspective of germline development，Consciousness is not a special function that emerges when an organism evolves to a higher level。Opposite，In the original state of life，Some basic conditions or basic characteristics for the occurrence of consciousness are already present。The idea of ​​biological evolution provides a useful argument for this。In the view of traditional rationalist psychology and some emergentists，Consciousness is a higher-order intelligence of organic organisms，It represents an ability of reflection and introspection，Making species with this ability essentially different from other species。But，When people try to simulate and replicate concepts representing higher levels of reflection on electronic computers、Judgment and reasoning ability，But did not copy or create a digital conscious mind。So，People ask why electronic computers cannot be conscious，What are the conditions for the emergence of a conscious mind？Since the end bet365 live casino games 20th century，People have gradually reached such a consensus，That is, whether it is object consciousness or self-awareness，Both contain a perspective with itself as the origin bet365 live casino games ray，At the beginning of life，This perspective must be from a perspective that is isolated from the surrounding environment、Bounded、Conditioned by internally integrated autologous tissue。Thompson thinks，Cells differentiate themselves from other things by establishing boundaries，It is the autopoietic system of life that makes the emergence of consciousness and even self-awareness possible。Humphrey further emphasized on this basis，“An individual animal is more than just a spatially bounded package”，And "is an individualized and self-integrated whole，Its boundaries are actively reinforced and self-sustaining。On one side bet365 live casino games boundary wall is ‘I’，The other side is ‘not-self’”。Therefore，A conscious living entity，No matter how amazing the mental level it ultimately reaches，The earliest prototypes of life exist in the form of life "body"，Although the consciousness at that time was just a native feeling or qualia，But through continuous differentiation of its inner structure，Through the formation of "brain"，Making the entire life mechanism more and more sophisticated and complex，The qualia associated with the complexity bet365 live casino games brain continue to evolve into high-level minds、Consciousness and self-awareness。

　The self constructed by bet365 live casino games schema

The "self" that represents the highest level of human mind originates from the brain's gradual construction bet365 live casino games body schema。One way to express the body problem at the center of contemporary brain science is: the body in the mind。On the one hand, this expression reminds the phenomenal nature bet365 live casino games body，On the other hand, it clarifies the role bet365 live casino games body in generating and constructing the mind。Damasio explores the origin of human self-awareness from the perspective of individual mind generation，Think that the self can distinguish different levels，From original self to core self，Towards the autobiographical self。No matter what level of mind，It all depends on the brain’s mapping ability，It can take everything from the senses、Body、The neural pattern of past images of oneself is drawn into an image。Edelman makes the same point: the deep mind，That is, clear awareness bet365 live casino games object，Mixed from different images，Including an image bet365 live casino games object itself，Also included when recognizing objects，Subject my perspective、My sense of ownership bet365 live casino games object depicted in my mind、My agency over the object’s image and my raw sense of my own living body。Anyway，The realization of object consciousness is not just a simple connection between object and subject cognition，And it is full of various information from the body。From the perspective bet365 live casino games basic level of self-awareness—the formation bet365 live casino games original self，In the brain will be all external、In the process of integrating the internal images drawn through the body，Obtained from inside the body、The operation of images representing the movement of living organisms is particularly special。This particularity is reflected in: First, this image is the earliest body image that is felt，Participate in describing the relationship between the subject and the object。The second is the original feeling bet365 live casino games body，The body image further participates in forming the original self。The original self is the original feeling bet365 live casino games body，Contains images of body shape and structure、Intero-sensory images and extero-sensory portal images。More important，“The original self is the necessary springboard for constructing the core self”，Based on this，The autobiographical self is developed。Therefore，It can be said，In the process of self-genesis，Body experience plays an important role。

From the above explanation bet365 live casino games origin of mind，Two trends can be seen: one is from the perspective of germline and ontogeny，Demonstrating the evolution of high-level minds，In order to eliminate the abstract assumption of high-level spiritual entities in traditional concepts。Second, these researchers have emphasized the role of physical experience in constructing the mind。Research has been done to explain people’s minds、Consciousness、The mysteries bet365 live casino games human spirit, the self, provide an increasingly rich source of new material、New perspectives and new ideas，It inspires people to have a strong motivation to further understand the spiritual phenomena of human beings。

　(Author’s unit: Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Mental bet365 live casino games and Learning Sciences, School of Psychology, Xinjiang Normal University)