Mental Time Travel is the development of scholars such as Suddendorf and Corballis in the 1990s, based on the theoretical doctrine of Canadian psychologist Tulving. Come，Refers to human beings psychologically projected self -psychological to the past to re -experience the past，and the ability to project self to the future in advance。From definition, we can know，Psychological time travel includes two levels of content: psychological time traveling in the past and psychological time travel to the future。Psychological time traveling to the past is also known as scenario memory，From self、Self -awareness and subjective time composition of three elements，is the only memory system that point to the past。Scenic memory makes the individual return to the past through self -awareness，and make it a subjectively experience the past events，In terms of memory content, it includes clear time、Location and specific events。For example，A person with family and friends at the restaurant during the Spring Festival last year，When he recalled this today，Many scenarios (time and place of dinner、Who participated in the dinner、laughter and laughter on the table) will appear in my mind。This is his self -connection with the current self with bet365 best casino games the meal at the restaurant with a subjective time，Re -experience the experience of the past self -dinner at the restaurant。Psychological time pointing to the future is also called future scenario thinking，Individuals can imagine and experience what happened in advance。For example，A person imagine the scene of the opening ceremony of the opening ceremony of the Beijing Winter Olympics in February 2022，What wonderful programs will there be on the day、Which athletes participate、How about your mood and weather waiting，This is the future scene thinking。Psychological time travel is of great significance to human development。Evolution Psychology believes，Psychological time travel is the main promotion force of human evolution，Religious、Law, etc. It also appears with psychological time.。

For a long time，The academic community has always believed that psychological time travel is unique to humans，And humans will not appear this high -level thinking ability until the age of 4; for animals，They will only live in the present，The ability to travel without psychological time。But in recent years, scholars have been based on scientific theory and animal experimental evidence，Began to question and refute this hypothesis。Research indicates，The closest brain tissue with human psychological time travel is the forehead and hippocampus。Although there are currently no direct evidence that the forehead of the brain bet365 Play online games of other species can capture memory like humans，But from the perspective of evolution，Humans have evolved from other mammals after all，If it was not inherited from the non -human ancestor, psychological time travel ability，Where can I get it?

If the scientific chemistry provides the theoretical basis for animals to carry out psychological time,，Animal experiments carried out by scientists provide more powerful evidence。A series of animal experiments shows，Psychological time travel is more common in the animal world than people think，At least in mammals。Taking scene memory as an example，Crystal and its research team obtained relevant evidence in a clever rats。They let 13 rats remember 12 odors through training，and set up a rats with 12 stations "Arena"，Digital 1-12 mark，Each site has a different smell。When rats recognize the specific odor in the route，For example，will be rewarded。Next，Researchers change the number corresponding to the smell and observe whether the rats have mastered the training content: even if the number of smell has changed，Can it still identify the second or fourth smell of the previous penalty before? This can ensure that the rats are distinguished by the position of the smell in the sequence rather than the odor itself，According to this researcher can determine whether animals can remember multiple events and the sequence of its occurrence。After one year of test，Chrusto'Bet365 lotto review s team found that rats can complete the task with about 87%。Subsequent tests confirmed that they can keep in mind，And can withstand the interference of other memories。This further proves that the rats in the experiment rely on scenario memory to complete the task。

Clayton and other scientists have also discovered the existence of scene memory in bird experiments。In the experiment，Crows will hide in two plastic plates covered with fine sands with rotten worms and nuts that are not easy to rot and deteriorate.，and they store different foods on different dates (such as Tibetan Nuts today，Tibetan worm after two days)。So，They need to remember the time and place of storage of different foods。Cong Ru was divided into experimental group and control group。The experimental group learned that the worm would rot in a short time through training，and nut can store for a long time。After the crow is hidden in food，Experiment will allow them to take out the storage food after different lengths of lengths。If the date interval between the food hidden food is short，Cong Ru will consciously find worms; if the time interval is longer，Cong Ru will take out nuts，Because they know that worms have been rotten for so long。Compared with it，The control group does not learn information such as worms that is easy to rot and deteriorate，Therefore, regardless of the length of time interval，They will look for worms。This experiment indicates that Cong Ru bet365 best casino games is likely to have scenario memory，Therefore, they can clearly understand time、Location and events (in short -term rotten worms and nuts that are not easy to rot)。

Scientists not only discovered the existence of scene memory through animal experiments，It is also found that animals have future scenarios: Conglai will adjust the strategy of storing food to reduce the potential risk of stolen food by other birds。In the experiments carried out by scholars such as Clayton，Cong Row will store food in two different scenarios: "Private" and "Open"。In the open scene，When the crow storage food, there will be other birds spying on the side; in the private scene，No spymen are present。When taking out the food，The crow of food stored in the open scene will take out the food from the box stored in the past and hide it into another box; and in the private scene，The crow of the food stored food has no such move。Visible，Birds are likely to have future scenario thinking，Because they will associate and preset events that may occur in the future based on their past experiences (whether there are birds at the scene) (if not hidden food in a new location, it will be stolen。

If the animal is really confirmed to have psychological time travel ability，Its impact will far exceed our understanding of animals' hearts and behaviors，It will even have a significant impact on humans，Among them, the decryption and treatment of Alzheimer's disease。Take rats as an example，The excellent bet365 Play online games performance of rats in the scene memory test means that they can let humans understand more information about Alzheimer's disease and effectively treat it。Chrusto pointed out，The worst degeneration in Alzheimer's disease is the scene memory，Therefore, scientists are working hard to build a rats that are closer to it。Use new gene editing technology to enable scientists to create a state similar to Alzheimer's disease in rats，Make them the perfect simulation test for testing the new drugs of Alzheimer's disease。Scientists can first test new medicines on rats with situational memory，To better predict the effect that this medicine may produce on humans。Current，The failure rate of drug development of Alzheimer's drug is as high as 99%，One of the important reasons is that most drugs cannot provide effective treatment for the degradation of scene memory。Many scholars think，If there is no medicine that effectively improves the scene memory，The most valuable therapy will not appear。If rats with scenarios can inspire humans to solve the secret of Alzheimer's disease，and develop more effective therapeutic drugs，This will become a milestone in the history of human science。

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(Author Unit: School of Foreign Languages ​​of Yangzhou University)