"As a person born less than a hundred years ago、Relatively young subject，The development of Chinese bet365 score in the past 70 years has made remarkable achievements，Accumulated rich experience in subject construction，To establish the discipline system of Chinese bet365 score、Academic System、Discourse system，Laid an important foundation，Also to enhance cultural confidence and the cohesion of Chinese culture，Played the unique role and contribution of bet365 score。”August 28，Chairman of the Chinese Archaeological Society、Wang Wei, a member of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said this at the opening ceremony of the "Second Chinese bet365 score·Zhengzhou Forum"。

This forum is themed “70 Years of bet365 score in New China”，Professional committees under the Chinese Archaeological Society have sorted out the development of this field in the past 70 years、Important discovery、Main achievements and development directions，It is a comprehensive review and summary of Chinese bet365 score。

　　The time and space framework of bet365 score civilization is gradually established

　September 27, 1949，Resumption of excavation of Zhoukoudian site，marks the official start of the Paleolithic archaeological work in New China。In the opinion of Gao Xing, a researcher at the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences，The development trend of Paleolithic bet365 score in the past 70 years，Shows the transformation from artifact-centered to site-centered to people-centered，Greatly expands the space-time framework of the survival and evolution of ancient humans in China。More than 2,000 Paleolithic sites have been discovered so far，Covering various periods from more than 2 million years ago to 10,000 years ago。Basically clarify the origin of the earliest humans in China and the origin and evolution of modern humans。

Gao Xing said，Enter the new century，Paleolithic bet365 score is committed to academic integration with developed countries in field practice，Focus on all aspects of discovery and information acquisition、Refinement，Use modern surveying and recording methods system，Comprehensive extraction of materials and information，Pay attention to the protection and display of sites and relics during excavation。Contiguous sites or areas、In-depth exploration、Research and creation of high-resolution culture sequences，Become an important academic goal，Quantitative analysis continues to replace qualitative judgment，Research ideas gradually change from subjective to objective。

Prehistoric archaeological causes and the origin of civilization、The origin of nations and other major academic topics are most closely related，The progress of its research has always attracted much attention。Li Xinwei, a researcher at the Institute of bet365 score, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, thinks，70 years，Chinese prehistoric bet365 score takes the reconstruction of ancient Chinese history as its core goal，Using "archaeology" to "explain the past"，Get rid of the shackles of the traditional view of ancient history based on ancient historical records，Shows a more magnificent origin of Chinese civilization。The 30 years from 1949 to 1979 were a period of data accumulation and theoretical exploration，The 20 years from 1980 to 1999 were the "golden age" where major discoveries and theoretical construction complemented each other。20 years from 2000 to present，Multi-disciplinary combination and international perspective become highlights。

Li Xinwei thinks，In the second half of the fourth millennium BC，On the basis of the simultaneous development of society in China's prehistoric major cultural areas and entering the "ancient country" stage，In-depth exchanges centered on long-distance exchanges between the upper class of society took place，Gradually forming and sharing similar cultural essence，Connected to become a cultural community that is closely and profoundly related to the development of China in historical periods both geographically and culturally，That is, the "original China" was formed，Can be regarded as the origin stage of bet365 score civilization。

The earliest three-generation bet365 score to enter the academic research field and the public field of view，Is an important field of Chinese bet365 score。Professor Tang Jigen from the Social Science Center of Southern University of Science and Technology thinks，1949-1979，The guiding ideology and theory of Xia and Shang bet365 score is mainly the reconstruction of ancient history。1979-1996，The reconstruction of ancient history is embodied in "constructing a historical and cultural framework"，The spatial coverage of archaeological discoveries and the proposing of archaeological cultural types are particularly important。1996-2019，Archaeology is given the mission of “independently constructing ancient history”，Acquired the status of a discipline alongside history。In addition，Application of the idea of ​​floristic types、Various special studies、Multidisciplinary collaborative research、Research on large-scale national projects、Important results have been achieved in cultural relic protection and heritage application。

Xu Lianggao, a researcher at the Institute of bet365 score, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, thinks，70 years，Two weeks of archaeological achievements have completely changed the content of traditional pre-Qin history。Two weeks of historical narrative based on the traditional dynastic political system based on documents，Transform into a comprehensive history of cultural and social development based on bet365 score；The historical view has changed from the traditional Central Plains-centrism to a pluralistic and unified view of history；The narrative object consists of political history with dynasty emperors as the core，Develop into a society based on the ancients、Social and cultural history with culture as the core，Present a historical and cultural appearance that not only echoes relevant historical documents but also greatly makes up for the lack of documentary records。

Talking about the achievements of Qin and Han bet365 score in the past 70 years，Bai Yunxiang, a researcher at the Institute of bet365 score, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said frankly，This can be said to be a great change from "ancient times are not considered for less than three generations" to a spectacular one。To the late 1980s，The bet365 score of the Qin and Han Dynasties and the bet365 score of the Warring States Period completely "broken up"，Become an independent research direction，Great breakthrough in theoretical methods，For example, research on the typology of utensils、Research on ruins typology, etc.，Played an important role in guiding the tomb arrangement work。In addition，Capital、Imperial Mausoleum、Research on special topics such as handicraft industry continues to deepen；Qin and Han archaeological chronologies have been established in different regions，And continue to improve and adjust。

The period from the Three Kingdoms to the Sui and Tang Dynasties was an extremely complicated period in Chinese history。He Yun’ao, a professor at the School of History at Nanjing University, thinks，Such a magnificent period of great changes in culture and civilization，Raised many important issues for bet365 score。70 years，Major increase in major archaeological discoveries，Provides fundamental conditions for solving several historical and cultural academic issues；Academic proactive bet365 score gradually unfolds，Yidu City bet365 score、Porcelain Industry bet365 score、The bet365 score of imperial tombs is the most typical；Silk Road archaeological work in full swing，The construction of some transnational cooperative archaeological projects and professional research institutions is rapidly advancing；Multi-ethnic culture and regional civilization bet365 score are valued；Transformation of archaeological discoveries into cultural heritage，The awareness of serving national and local economic and social development and world heritage undertakings has generally increased。

The Liao, Song, Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties were an important period for the continuous integration and formation of the Chinese nation。Dong Xinlin, a researcher at the Institute of bet365 score, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, thinks，Capital Archaeological Excavation and Research，Is the core content of bet365 score in this period。City sites in historical periods can be roughly divided into two categories: ancient and modern overlap type and wilderness type。Since the new century，Continuous practice and summary of excavation concepts and technical methods of urban bet365 score。There are more and more active archaeological excavations，Comprehensive research is becoming more and more abundant。In addition，The construction of archaeological disciplines in the Liao, Song, Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties、The cultivation of high-level professional talents will be the focus of work in recent years。

　bet365 score becomes more refined and professional

With the development of economy and the improvement of people’s cultural quality，Archaeology is receiving more and more attention from society，The public’s demand for archaeological knowledge is much higher than before。Liu Guoxiang, a researcher at the Institute of bet365 score, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, thinks，In recent years，Archaeological practitioners actively publicize、Popularize scientific archaeological knowledge，To make people willing to integrate archaeological knowledge and excellent traditional Chinese culture into their daily lives。He hopes to carry out a variety of public archaeological activities，Effectively promote the protection of cultural heritage，Enhance national self-confidence、Pride and cohesion，Tell Chinese stories well。

From the formative period in the 1980s and 1990s to the present，Zooarchaeology from dispensable，Indispensable，Status has been improved as never before。Lv Peng, associate researcher at the Institute of bet365 score, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said，The origin of domestic animals in ancient China has now been basically clarified，Also deeply explore the development and utilization of animal resources and its relationship with the formation and early development of Chinese civilization，Exploring the development of secondary products from ancient Chinese animals，Systematic study of animal sacrifices in ancient China、Used in funerals and other rituals，In-depth exploration of ancient Chinese bone tools and bone making handicrafts。

Sun Yonggang, Dean of the School of History and Culture of Chifeng University, thinks，Archaeology of plants is a special discipline that specializes in the study of plant remains unearthed from bet365 score sites。“Flotation” is used in bet365 score excavations as a field method to obtain plant remains，And solved the problem of obtaining plant remains during bet365 score excavations。bet365 score plant research has not only become an indispensable content in bet365 score research，And in plant utilization mode、Origin and spread of agriculture、Important scientific evidence has been obtained in the research of major issues such as the relationship between environment and human beings。

Human skeletal bet365 score has developed rapidly in recent years。Wang Minghui, associate researcher at the Institute of bet365 score, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, introduced representative results，Researchers discovered human tooth fossils in Fuyan Cave, Dao County, Hunan，Research shows the size of its teeth is smaller，The form is within the variation range of modern humans。This discovery advances the time when early modern humans appeared in China from the original thought of 60,000 years ago to 100,000 years ago。

According to Ding Jianxiang, associate researcher at the Underwater Cultural Heritage Protection Center of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage，Since 1987，Our country has carried out more than 80 underwater projects of different scales，The working scope reaches the Dandong waters in the north，South to Nansha Sea，my country’s first deep-sea bet365 score exploration work has been carried out。As of 2016，241 underwater cultural relics have been confirmed，Mainly concentrated in Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties and modern times，This is consistent with the historical fact that China’s Maritime Silk Road is gradually developing。We will continue to do a good job in basic work in the future，Resource investigation changes from passive to active as much as possible。

Since 1980，China’s environmental bet365 score research shows a rapid development trend。Professor Mo Duowen, School of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, suggested，Comprehensive environmental archaeological research on archaeological sites will be strengthened in the future，Strengthen the systematic reconstruction of various environmental factors of archaeological sites，And improve the temporal and spatial resolution of ancient environmental characteristics and their changes as much as possible，Pay more attention to the natural environment、Analysis of the comprehensive impact of human culture itself on cultural evolution。Based on a large number of research cases，Gradually strengthen the innovation of environmental bet365 score theories and methods，Strengthening international cooperation and international comparative research in environmental bet365 score。

Professor Zhao Hui of the School of bet365 score and Museology of Peking University said frankly，70 years，Various time periods、Archaeological research in various professional fields has established clear academic goals，Many major thematic studies have emerged。In "Supplementary History of Zheng Jing"，“Supplementary history” has increasingly become the mainstream of archaeological research。At the same time，Field bet365 score has made important progress，in scale、Quantity，In space、Time，Comprehensive provision of archaeological information，Major discoveries are frequently reported in the press。Research techniques and methods have also made great progress，At the same time, it promotes the development and application of new technologies，Form new research methods，Having given birth to a new field of archaeological research。Currently，Chinese bet365 score has “going global”，Carrying out archaeological cooperation with many countries，We are moving towards a broader historical stage with an unprecedented new atmosphere。