Wei Jin Sixteen Kingdoms period，The Han and Wei cultural traditions in the Central Plains region are enriched and continued in the Dunhuang area。This is both due to the vigorous development of the two Han government，It also originated from the Dunhuang area away from the Central Plains War，attracted a large number of Zhongzhou shelters for refuge，The hard work of the father and son of the former Liang Zhang's father、Stability of the social environment、Economic prosperity related。Since the 1940s，The continuous discovery of the tombs of the sixteenth nations of the Wei and Jin dynasties，enriched the material culture research data of Dunhuang area during this period，The history of development of Dunhuang and the Silk Road has been promoted、History of cultural exchange、Research in related fields such as art history。

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The 1940s，Dunhuang Wei, Jin Sixteen Kingdoms period The archaeological work of the tomb of the Sixteen Kingdoms has begun。After 1949，With the increase in basic construction，This job shows a booming situation，It is mainly manifested in the following five aspects。

First，Dunhuang Wei, Jin Sixteen Kingdoms Tomb Archaeological Discovery continues。Dunhuang Wei, Jin Sixteen Kingdoms period Tomb archaeological relics are well -known in China，Only the tomb group has landscape ditch tombs、Mengjiaqiao West Tomb Group、Wudun Tomb Group、Yanjia Temple Tomb Group、Lijiadun Tomb Group、Fa Ye Temple Bay —— New Tomb Group、Qijiawan tomb group, etc.。where，Fa Ye Temple Bay —— New Tomb Group and Qijiawan Tomb Group are large，After several excavations。

The 1940s to the present，Dunhuang Fa Ye Temple Bay -Xintian Tomb Group has conducted more than 10 archeological excavations，Clean more than 1,400 tombs，Tombs with the period of the Sixteen Kingdoms of the Wei and Jin Dynasties as the main body。The shape of the tomb is mainly based on the tomb with long slope tombs，Its tomb shape、The cultural connotation reflected by the burial utensils and the combination is consistent with the traditional culture of the Central Plains。Qijiawan bet365 live casino games tombs were excavated twice in 1985 and 2013，Discover more than 200 tombs，Its tomb shape and cultural face are similar to the Buddha Temple Bay -Xinlitai Tomb Group，But the grade of the tomb is lower。

2，Basic data sorting and publishing obtained gratifying results。The 1950s and 1980s，With a large amount of discovery of tombs during the period of the Wei and Jin dynasties in Dunhuang，Archaeological excavation briefings have been sorted and published one after another，Representatives include "Dunhuang Archeology", "Dunhuang Jin Tomb", "Dunhuang Fa Ye Temple Bay Wanliang Tomb Discovery Briefing", "Dunhuang New Store、The Grandpa Temple Bay to the Tang Tomb "" The Tomb of the Sixteen Kingdoms found in the Western Jin Dynasty discovered by Dunhuang "。The 1990s，"Dunhuang Qijiawan -Tomb Excavation Report of the Sixteen Kingdoms of the Western Jin Dynasty", "Dunhuang Fa Ye Temple Bay Western Jin Tomb", two representative large -scale archeological reports were published one after another。"Dunhuang Qijiawan -Tomb excavation Report of the Sixteen Kingdoms of the Western Jin Dynasty" concentratedly announced the 117 tombs of Qijiawan tombs，provides a ruler for the installment of tombs in the Dunhuang area; "Dunhuang Buddha Temple Bay Western Jin Portrait Tomb" in 1995 Dunhuang Buddhist Grandpa Bay Excavated in Dunhuang Buddha Temple Bay and 1987 cooperated with Dunhuang Airport Maintenance Project in 1987 The detailed information of a portrait brick tomb found in the excavation is announced。2021，"Dunhuang Buddha Temple Bay -New Labor Tomb Group 2015 Excavation Report" Publishing，Fully announced the basic information of 180 tombs excavated by the Grandpa Temple Bay in 2015，Make full use of text、wire diagram and data，Comprehensive、System、Objectively publishing tombs、Related information of unearthed utensils。This report also comes with physical anthropology report、Unearthed metal instrument test report、Animal and plant relic test report and tomb、Form with utensils，Provides basic information for the later related research。

third，Rich regional comprehensive research results。This kind of study is usually included in the scope of the tombs of the sixteenth nations of the Wei and Jin dynasties in Dunhuang Wei, Jin Sixteen Kingdoms，Analyze and compare the cultural factors of the bet365 Play online games tomb in a large space and time range，Representative works include "Division and Installation of the Tomb of the Sixteen Kingdoms in the Northern Region", "Research on the Tomb of the Wei, Jin Sixteen Kingdoms of the Hexi Region"。

Fourth，mural theme and style have attracted much attention。The theme of the portrait brick in the Western Jin Dynasty is in the same vein with the painting themes of the past，Most of the contents are all kinds of gods, myths and legends、historical figures、Animals and plants with Buddhist cultural factors and pictures of production and life，It contains rich cultural connotation，Reflected a relatively stable social environment。Its painting themes and artistic styles have close geographical relationships and historical origin with the art style of Dunhuang Grottoes，It is a valuable information about seeking the origin of Mogao Grottoes and studying the history of Chinese painting，It has important artistic research value。For this，Zheng Yan、Guo Yongli、Sun Yan、Yin Guangming and other scholars have discussion。

Fifth，The research results of tomb literature are prominent。The tomb literature of the Wei and Jin Sixteen Kingdoms in Dunhuang is mainly town tombs，Zhu Shu or Mo Shu on the town tomb，Given life and death，The function of making the born from the injection。Wu Haojun、Liu Zhaorui、Huang Jingchun、Jia Xiaojun、Chu Xiaojun、Japanese scholar Kaga Shiro, etc., sorted out the tomb essays unearthed in Dunhuang，and combined with historical literature for text school interpretation，Examine the historical geography of Hexi、Funeral Customs、folk beliefs and language、Calligraphy、Literature and other aspects of content，to explore its literature and historical value。In addition，Some scholars have made a special study on the shape and flow of the town's tomb bottle。

　　The latest achievements reflect the social status of Dunhuang

2015，To cooperate with Dunhuang Airport Expansion Project，Gansu Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archeology Institute is located in Fa Ye Temple Bay — New Labor Tomb Group Clean up 180 tombs，Later, expand information sorting and multi -disciplinary research，and achieved a number of new research results。

First，Funeral items revealed the local religious beliefs Bet365 app download in Dunhuang。Famental bottle is a funeral custom unique to the tombs of the 16th countries in the Dunhuang area，There are mostly Zhu Shu or Mo Shu Town Tomb Books on it。During this excavation，67 pieces of bucket bottle unearthed in the tomb group。The earliest in the bottle of the year of the year was Cao Weiqi Wang Cao Fang seven years (246)，The latest is the four years of the Hou Liang Lu Longxianning (402)。Book on the town grave on the bottle，It is an important Taoist literature material，To a certain extent, the impact of Taoism culture on funeral customs to a certain extent，It is also a manifestation of Taoism and secularization，It has important value for studying the development of the early Taoism in Dunhuang。Study after research，The explanation of the tomb essay from Cao Wei to the early Town of the Western Jin Dynasty still has a strong legacy in the Tomb of Donghan Town, Central Plains，It is a reflection of Taoist West in the end of the Han Dynasty that the Westward Chronicles entered the Dunhuang area，and develop to the late Western Jin Dynasty，Town tomb mode with local characteristics of Dunhuang gradually forms。

2，The average life expectancy of the population reflects the social status of the Dunhuang area。Appraisal，Fa Ye Temple Bay -The average life expectancy of the population of the new shop tomb is 40.97 years，Among them, the average life expectancy of men is 40.48 years，The average life expectancy of women is 45 years old。From the perspective of the age of the owner of the tomb，Comparison of the Han Dynasty tomb of the black water country in the middle of the Hexi Corridor，Appraisal，The average life expectancy of the Blackwater State Tomb population is 30.3 years，Among them, the average life expectancy of men is 33.8 years，The average life expectancy of women is 29.1 years old。From the perspective of men or women's average expectations，Blackwater Kingdom's tombs in the Han Dynasty are far lower than that of Foga Temple Bay -New Labor Tomb Male、Female average life expectancy。This may be because the Blackwater Country as an important Tunjun District in the Hexi area of ​​the Han Dynasty，The age of service for immigration is generally in the 23-30s，At the same time, due to bad natural conditions，plus the frequent war，A large number of stun died unexpectedly during the service and buried on the spot，This causes the age of the entire cemetery crowd to be younger。Bet365 app download to the period of the sixteenth nations of the Wei and Jin dynasties，The strong development of the two Han government，The Dunhuang area is far away from the Central Plains War，The hard work of the father and son of Liang Zhang's father and son later，Stability of the social environment，Population loss is lighter。

third，The tomb group unearthed the earliest brass products in the Hexi Corridor area。Discovery and discovery of bronze wares unearthed from the Grandpa Temple Bay -New Labor Tomb Group，Alloy elements are mainly copper tin lead，Three bronze wares are brass with copper zinc as the main element。These three brass wares are the earliest brass products currently found in the Hexi Corridor area，It may be used as raw materials for the use of the light zinc ore，The seepage process was used。2nd and 3th century，The brass smelting technology of the Roman Empire spread to the two river basins，During the Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties，It may be circulated to China，These three brass products are also one of the physical evidence。The other copper wares of the cemetery did not detect zinc，BOC accounts for less in the detected utensils，Explain that brass has not been used in large scale。This shows that it is late to Cao Wei period，Bingbon products have appeared in the Hexi Corridor area。Discovery of these three brass products，It is important for studying the spread of brass technology and origin。

Fourth，The tomb group reflects the composition of the crowd and cultural exchanges。By analyzing the 34 individual Y chromosomes and complete mitochondria groups of 34 individuals in the tomb group of the Buddha Grandpa Bay，Drop the following conclusions。(1) The analysis of the main component reveals that the tomb group gathers together with the Tibetan and Myanmar population，In the maternal family, it has a close relationship with the Mongolian group;，At the same time, it also contains some Altai's northern Eurasian branch and a small number of East Asian southern branches，The mitochondrial gene pool of the tomb group is from northern East Asia、Southern East Asia and the western branch of Eurasia; (3) Compared with other people in ancient times，The gene diversity of the crowd of the tomb is quite high，It shows that the hybrid history of the crowd is very complicated。Research instructions above，Although the archaeological bet365 live casino games culture of the Grandpa Temple Bay — the new shop tomb group and the Central Plains region have similarities，But the genetic structure and diet structure of the crowd are obviously different from the Han people。This is frequent with the regime of the Hexi Corridor during this period，Local political forces established by ethnic minorities become the historical background of the historical background of the history of the Hexi Corridor。

　Research still needs to be deepened

Dunhuang Wei, Jin Sixteen Kingdoms period The tombs and archeology during the period of nearly 100 years of development，It has achieved quite rich results，But under the requirements of archeological work in the new era，We should do the following work。

First，Continue to finish the basic data。Compared to the number of tombs in the Dunhuang Wei and Jin Sixteen Kingdoms that have been excavated at present，The announced materials are slightly insufficient。The arrangement and announcement of basic data is the basic work of further studying the tombs and history of the Times of the Wei and Jin dynasties during the Dunhuang Wei and Jin dynasties，In the next step, we should increase the work strength of basic data。

other，The concept of basic data finishing should change and innovate。In the past archeological reports and briefings, most of them were described in the form of classification examples.，The basic materials of most tombs are described too briefly，Excessive emphasis on the commonality of the tombs，The difference between the individual of the tomb，It brings a lot of inconvenience to research。Comprehensive basic information、Detailed announcement will be more conducive to academic research。

2，Leading the research work to in -depth。Current，The research focus of the study of the tombs during the Dunhuang Wei, Jin Sixteen Kingdoms period is still limited to the tombs of murals and the tombs of the unearthed town.、Research on Witchcraft，The basic research of civilian tombs is relatively weak in comparison。From the current excavation situation，Most tombs belong to civilian tombs，Therefore, in -depth research, it seems more important。

third，Continue to strengthen multidisciplinary cross -research work。Except for traditional archeological research，With the help of science and technology，Extensive three -dimensional modeling、Carbon Fourteen Testing Year、Human bone Bet365 lotto review DNA analysis、Pathological Studies、Archeology、​​Gold phase analysis、Hemothella analysis、Analysis of various types of utensils、Inspection and identification of container residue analysis，Comprehensive、Recording and extraction related information。other，Archeological research and history of tombs、Nationalology、Sociology and other disciplines fusion，It is helpful for us to carry out related research in a specific historical background，Multi -disciplinary cross -study will be the trend of the trend of tombs in the 16th country of Dunhuang Wei, Jin Dynasty。

　　(Author Unit: Gansu Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archeology)