As a unique legal and cultural phenomenon since the Ming and Qing Dynasties，Holy Mo preaching has played an important function of maintaining social order and stability of the country。Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang has appeared "Six Six words"，"Filial Parent、Respectfully upper、Learn descendants、Learn descendants、The founding of the Qing Dynasty、No work is not "。The founding of the Qing Dynasty，Contents of the Holy Make along the Ming Dynasty，Awards "Six 卧 卧" in the Shunzhi Dynasty，The Kangxi dynasty extended to "Sixteen Articles"，To the Yongzheng Dynasty to find its righteousness，Derived text，Eventually, more than 10,000 words of "Holy Lesson Training"。Since then，The official preaching of the official sacredness of the Qing Dynasty is based on "Holy Symptoms" as a sample，until the end of the Qing Dynasty。

First，Legal preaching of the Qing Dynasty，The meaning is not like today's law，Make people not only know the law，And can use legal weapons to protect their own rights。The Reporter "Report" in the late Qing Dynasty once said in "Tong Xiangxiang's fool": "The casting of the ancients，So Jimin knows the ban and fear the law also。Jinshi Edition Edition，Its internal regulations，Rong or something unknown，What about the fool's women 焉 焉 焉。That's why，Zhejiang Fu Yang Gong is deeply afraid of the people or suffer from law，In the previous month, Taza Zhi Ningbo Mansion，Order to know what it belongs，The laws will be caused by the law of rape，Understand Xiao Chang，Directed in the township，Make ignorant small people、庶 庶 庶 儆，If you don’t rush。"The governor of Zhejiang believes，Most of the people commit laws, do not know the law, and misunderstand the law network。So，It is necessary to interpret the legal terms of criminals such as treacherous life Bet365 app download and other people who are vulnerable to criminals and presented it in the township，For long -term reading for the people，Social purposes to achieve a thick custom。In short，This kind of preaching aims to be published in a targeted manner and simply explain the important charges of the people's vulnerable crimes，By knowing the harsh punishment and fear of the law，So I dare not commit the law。This is also the law announced in ancient times、Explanation of the law and use the fundamental purpose of the case of the case。

Second，The law activities of the early Qing Dynasty were mainly carried out by cultural officials，Wenchen preach，Shape formation starts up。25th year of Kangxi，Zhejiang Titan Governor Chen Shikai played，I believe that civilian officials in various provinces today，Has already presented to preach "Sixteen Articles"，The generals have not yet "read the finals"。So，Generals of the province、The generals such as the Governor should refer to the Cultural Job Example，Leading his jurisdiction，"One Term Read" "Sixteen"。The above requirements are required to be allowed to allow Emperor Kangxi，Cultural and military officials have started the missionary work of joint legal lectures and reading books。

There is a clear generation，Special subject of the law，The Viewing Treasury of the Wind of the Yongzheng period and the Xuanxiao Guidance of the Qianlong period。The two official steps are the same as the academic government，But very set institutions。Although the duration is not long，But to varying degrees, it shows at the time of the prosperous period of Kanggan，The state attaches great importance to legal education。Specifically，Yongzheng four years，Due to Zhejiang's "Customs Watering"，Emperor Yongzheng set up a special look at the customs，Go to Zhejiang "Provincial Customs、Inspector and Puppet "; Seven Years of Yongzheng，Fujian、Guangdong、Hunan and other places, please also set up this position，But because of bet365 Play online games the virtual name，without actual utility play，Destinating time is not long。Eight Years of Qianlong，Set Xuan Xuanhua Guide，Due to the flood of floods in the Jiangnan area of ​​Qianlong in the seventh year of Qianlong，Households spend millions of two reluctances to help the disaster、After the construction of water conservancy，The situation of frequent disadvantages in various places。So，Emperor Qianlong requested to choose "Pin Xingjin、granted to Xuanxuanhua Aid，granted to Xuanxuanhua Aid，Township cities in the governments of Jiangnan，Tour around everywhere，Draming the local gentleman 衿 庶，Preaching "Holy Symptoms"，Require "Repeated Enlightenment"，The duration is not long。Until the Qing Emperor's position，Persons who have not set up a full -time preaching "Holy Lesson"。Guangxu 28 years，Dai Hongci, the right of the Ministry of Households, please refer to the guidance of Xuan Xuan.，Establish a promotional Educational Memorial，Master's wisdom with Changzheng。But due to difficulty in funding，And the provincial school and politics have the responsibility of education，No need to repeat the settings，mutual invasion，Emperor Guangxu rejected the request。

third，The Qing Dynasty was governed by ethnic minorities，Banner people are groups that affect the stability of the country。So，In the process of preaching of laws in the Qing Dynasty，Pay attention to such groups。Yongzheng seven years，Destiny every flag set up official studies，In the Eight Banner Jue Luo，Banner, eighty to 18 -year -old，Requires all the orders to enter school，Read Manchu Books in Share; For over 18 years old，and the children of the flag people who have never been read，Requires every month to look at，Passed in the Official Office，Preaching "Holy Symptoms"，The purpose of collecting social education。

Objects preached by the law of law，Except the general public and flag people，The legal preaching of the people of the people Bet365 lotto review in the frontier area is related to the stability and tranquility of the land of the border。Zuo Zongtang thinks，Rites and moral education not only cure the root cause, but also cause long -term stability，The social efficacy of "turning the four and the old and the gayness"。So，Tongzhi ten years of the first month，Zuo Zongtang returned to the northwest when you inserted the northwest，Removal, please add Pingliangtong judgment、Pingliang Camp Division, one member，I once mentioned Shaanxi、Gansu、Xinjiang and other places，Because of "Fresh Reading Confucius and Mencius Book，Therefore, unknown reason "，Social reality of Changan is also difficult to Changan。That's why，Zuo Zongtang plays the emperor，I believe that I am currently trying to get back to the public chanting service，Follow Confucianism，It has been difficult to achieve suddenly，But "Sixteen Articles" and "Easy to Law" "、Ci purpose easy to Xiao，Dafa，​​Ji Ji here "。When Zuo Zongtang moved to the Shaanxi -Gansu area，The legal preaching of the return of the people in the Northwest region is expanded。First of all from the state and county officer, preaching，Release the "Sixteen Articles" and "Easy Law of the Law" to the people in various places，To return to the public to know the legal ban，Social goals that realize the harmonious and stable area of ​​the frontier area。Same，In the southwest border area，Ru Guizhou、Guangxi and Yunnan and other places，Also conducts effective legal lectures on the special situation of ethnic minorities。

Fourth，Law preaching in grassroots places in the Qing Dynasty first targeted the literacy group，They are also the main body of potential to engage in legal lectures in the future。Jiaqing period，I asked for the examination of the birth supervision，It is necessary to write the contents of the "Duanshi and the people's style" in the "Holy Learning Training";，Testing all has the requirements of respect and silent writing of bet365 Play online games the sanctuary training entries;，First Temple，Later in Minglun Hall, the county official、Ji Sheng Concentration，Perform preaching。So，Legal lectures on the two ways of the literacy group passing the imperial examination and oral preaching。At the same time，This approach can also realize the preaching of the law of the people，Passing the goals of the Holy will accurately; in addition，The lecture objects also include the "Township Fools"。Due to the low literacy rate of the people in the Qing Dynasty，Prefectures and counties in various places will usually give a lecture on the law of the township.，Oral or ballad、Perform legal preaching in the form of drawing combination。

There are different customs in various places，There are different customs in various places。So，Other local officials in the prescribed content of the township contract，Zhixian often combines the type of local high cases，Public announcement with local rules。Eleven years of Tongzhi，Shanghai County Lingye Ye Ting family forms about seven township，Published by the publishing，The content includes: forbidden to rob and abduct women; ban the cow to redeem and slaughter the cattle; ban the opening of gambling and spend a drum, and to use small money for small money and nest; String of fraud; banned alcoholism and disturbing goodness。These township treaties are mostly produced with the people、Social behavior that endangers grass -roots social stability and closely related order，Proposed through legal preaching，Objectives to build a good custom of building a place。

Fifth，Legal preaching conducted by the Township of the Qing Dynasty，Generally a public office established in cities and towns，or take a cover in the crowd gathering area。Every preaching date，Several entries with yellow paper Gong Book "Holy Training"，Concise preaching、Concise preaching，Listen to the people's ring and listen。Country areas outside the town，Selection of the premises bet365 live casino games of the preaching place at the temple，Among them, most of the Chenghuang Temple most。Generally prepare the table and stool in advance by the land guarantee，To avoid the villagers from "longing for a long time, they are tired and think back"。

The actual status of preaching space for local preaching space for the Qing Dynasty，Law preaching is concentrated in urban areas，Rural preaching outside the city is relatively small。August of the second year of Qianlong，Dali Temple Qing Wang Zeng played，It is believed that the provinces have preached "Holy Sympathetic Training" in the city，As for the town village，Most of the writing notices，Most of the villagers cannot accurately "access the purpose"。So，Wang Yan asked state county officials to issue a concise and easy -to -understand training notice for rural people，to ensure that each person receives the materials，Can be viewed and read at any time at any time。But it should not be permitted by the Emperor Qianlong，Emperor Qianlong thinks，"Sacred Training" content words fit the actual situation of people's livelihood，must not be too simplified，so as not to be difficult to accept the effectiveness of the sanctuary。At the same time，Qianlong requests the provincial governors，Supervisor has a division，Really preach in "Sacred Training"，Make "the people of distant other than the remote" to know and obey。Jiaqing 18 years，In the approval, the number of local cases mentioned in the batch of local cases was caused by local officials' "education failure"。So，State and county officials should do most is "Practice"，Practical preaching。At the same time，Considering that the literacy understanding of the local people is different，Requirement of "Holy Sleeid Training" into a resignation of easy to solve，and the text similar to the text and attached diagram like "The Sage of the Holy Passion" appears，Drives in the poor areas of the poorland。In short,，The local society in the Qing bet365 best casino games Dynasty was mainly carried out by combining with the township.，Analysis from the perspective of legal preaching in rural areas，This legal preaching activity is still based on posts.，The situation of oral preaching is less than that of urban areas。

The Qing Dynasty through legal preaching to achieve social education mode，Tongtong has a clear generation，Especially in Yongzheng、The Qianlong period is the most prominent，The social effect achieved is also the best period，This is also the inevitable result of the development of the national prosperous age。The gradual promotion of this system，Stability of national order，Especially the play of legal functions in social governance，It has important significance。

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(Author Unit: Institute of History and Culture, Marxism College of Beijing University of Science and Technology)