As a unique legal cultural phenomenon since the Ming and Qing Dynasties，Proclamation of divine edicts has played an important role in maintaining social order and national stability。The "Six Words bet365 new user promo Holy Edict" appeared during the period of Emperor Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang bet365 new user promo Ming Dynasty，That is, "filial piety to parents、Respectfully, sir、harmony village、Teach future generations、Everyone’s physiological condition、Do nothing”。The founding bet365 new user promo Qing Dynasty，Follow the contents bet365 new user promo Ming Dynasty’s edict，The "Six Edicts and Lying Tablets" were issued respectively in the Shunzhi Dynasty，The Kangxi Dynasty extended it to the "Sixteen Articles bet365 new user promo Imperial Edict"，Go to the Yongzheng Dynasty to find its meaning，Derived from its text，"The Holy Edict" which has been translated into more than 10,000 words。From now on，The Qing Dynasty’s official preaching bet365 new user promo Holy Edict was based on the “Holy Edict Guangxun”，Until the late Qing Dynasty。

　First，Legal Propaganda in the Qing Dynasty，The original intention was not to popularize the law as it is today，Let the people not only know the law，And be able to use legal weapons to protect your own rights and interests。The late Qing Dynasty newspaper "Shenbao" once said in "Tongluo Fools in the Village": "The ancients cast a book of punishment，So Hebei people know the prohibition and fear the law。This is the first official version bet365 new user promo scholar，The regulations within the law，Something may be unknown，What about the foolish woman。That’s why，Zhefu Yang Gong is deeply afraid that the people may be wrongly killed by the law，Special notice to Ningbo Prefecture in the month before last，Let me know who you belong to immediately，Everyone who commits adultery and plots his life will have their own laws，Clear and clear，Declared in the township，Making ignorant people、Everyone should be wary，Without risking oneself。"The governor of Zhejiang thinks that，People often break the law because they don’t know the strictness bet365 new user promo law and fall into the law by mistake。Therefore，It is necessary to explain in detail the legal provisions that are easy for people to commit such as committing adultery and murder and promulgate them in the township，For the people to read for a long time，The social purpose of realizing honest customs。Anyway，This kind of propaganda aims to announce and concisely explain the important crimes that people are prone to committing，Fear the law by making them aware bet365 new user promo severity of punishment，So you dare not break the law。This is also an ancient public law、The fundamental purpose of explaining the law and explaining it with cases。

Second，Legal popularization activities in the early Qing Dynasty were mainly carried out by civilian officials，Lectures by civil servants，Taking shape。The twenty-fifth year of Kangxi，Zhejiang Admiral Chen Shikai once reported，Think that the current civil officials in various provinces，Has begun preaching the "Sixteen Articles bet365 new user promo Imperial Edict"，The generals have not yet “taught and read the rules”。Therefore，Generals of various provinces、Admirals and other generals should refer to civilian regulations，Lead the soldiers under his jurisdiction，"Lecture and read together" "Sixteen Articles bet365 new user promo Imperial Edict"。After the above request is approved by Emperor Kangxi，Civil and military officials started jointly conducting legal propaganda reading "Sixteen Articles bet365 new user promo Imperial Edict"。

There is a Qing Dynasty，Special subject of law popularization，There were envoys who observed customs and rectified customs during the Yongzheng period and envoys who promoted edicts and enactments during the Qianlong period。The official rank and academic status of both are the same，But non-permanent organization。Although it did not last long，But they all showed to varying degrees during the heyday of Kangxi and Qianlong，The state attaches great importance to legal education。Specifically，The fourth year of Yongzheng，Because of Zhejiang’s “customs”，Emperor Yongzheng designated a special envoy to observe customs and rectify customs，Go to Zhejiang to “ask about the customs bet365 new user promo province、Investigate traitors and counterfeiters”；The seventh year of Yongzheng，Fujian、Guangdong、Hunan and other places also petitioned to establish this position，But it’s just a false name，Without actual effectiveness，Not long lasting。Eighth year of Qianlong，Establish an edict to guide，Caused by floods in the Jiangnan area in the seventh year of Qianlong's reign，The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development is spending tens of millions of taels to provide relief to the victims、After the construction of water conservancy，Situations where abuses still occur frequently in various places。Therefore，Emperor Qianlong requested that those with good conduct and integrity be selected within the Hanlin Academy of Sciences、Four people who are proficient in civil affairs，Awarded as the Proclaimer and Envoy，Go to the villages and towns of various prefectures and prefectures in the south bet365 new user promo Yangtze River，Visit various places，Gather local gentry and common people，Preaching the "Holy Edict"，Requires "repeated enlightenment"，It doesn’t last long。Until the Qing Emperor abdicated，There are no more dedicated personnel to preach the Holy Edict。The twenty-eighth year of Guangxu，Although Dai Hongci, the right minister bet365 new user promo Ministry of Revenue, asked to imitate the envoys，Establishment of envoys to teach and educate，Enlighten the people’s wisdom by promoting Zhengxue。But due to financial difficulties，And the academic administration of each province has the responsibility of educating，No need to repeat settings，Mutual interference，Emperor Guangxu rejected the request。

　Third，The Qing Dynasty was governed by ethnic minorities，Banner people are a group that affects the social stability bet365 new user promo country。Therefore，In the process of legal propaganda in the Qing Dynasty，Have focused on this group of people。The seventh year of Yongzheng，Order each banner to establish an official school，In the Eight Banners Jueluo，For bannermen aged eight to eighteen years old，Require all students to be admitted，Read Manchu and Chinese books separately；For those over 18 years old，Children of bannermen who have never studied，Request Monthly Synopsys，Collected in the official office，Preaching the "Holy Edict"，For the purpose of social education。

The object of legal propaganda in the Qing Dynasty，Except for ordinary people and bannermen，Legal propaganda for people in border areas is related to the stability and tranquility of border areas。Zuo Zongtang thinks，Etiquette, morality and ethics not only cure the root cause but also lead to long-term peace and stability，It also has the social effect of "changing the old customs of other barbarians and sharing our Chinese customs"。Therefore，The first month bet365 new user promo tenth year of Tongzhi，When Zuo Zongtang was arranging the surrender bet365 new user promo Northwest Hui people，In addition to the memorial, please add a Pingliang general judge、One member from Pingliang Yingdu Division，Shaanxi was specifically mentioned、Gansu、Hui people in Xinjiang and other places，Because "the books of Confucius and Mencius are rarely read，So I don’t understand the reason”，The social reality that it is difficult to maintain peace even in the border areas。That’s why，Zuo Zongtang reports to the emperor，Think that we are currently trying to convince the public to recite and accept it，Follow Confucianism，It is difficult to achieve sudden results，However, the "Sixteen Articles bet365 new user promo Holy Edict" and the "Edited Interpretations bet365 new user promo Attached Rules" are "profound in meaning、The purpose bet365 new user promo poem is easy to understand，Great Sutra and Great Law，It’s all here”。When Zuo Zongtang moved to Shaanxi and Gansu areas，This is where the legal education for the Hui people in the northwest region begins。First, the prefecture and county school official Shuowang gave the speech，Publish Xia Xin’s interpretation bet365 new user promo “Sixteen Articles bet365 new user promo Holy Edict” and the “Essays on the Attached Laws” to the Hui people in various places，Make the public aware of legal prohibitions，The social goal of achieving harmony and stability in border areas。Same，In the southwest border area，such as Guizhou、Guangxi, Yunnan and other places，We also conducted fruitful legal preaching on the special situation of ethnic minorities。

　Fourth，Legal propaganda at the grassroots level in the Qing Dynasty first targeted literate groups，They are also potential subjects of legal preaching in the future。Jiaqing period，Requested the Student Supervisor Examination，We must always memorize the content bet365 new user promo "Holy Edict and Guangxun" part of "The customs of scholars and the promotion of people's customs"；When children are admitted to the academic and administrative examinations in each province，All examinations are required to memorize the provisions bet365 new user promo Holy Edict；When the provinces’ academic administration comes to the counties，Visit the Holy Temple first，Later, he became the school official bet365 new user promo county in Minglun Hall、Concentration of senior students，Preach the oracle。Therefore，Provide legal propaganda to literate groups through imperial examinations and oral propaganda。At the same time，This approach can also be used to educate the people about the law，The goal of accurately conveying the holy will；In addition，The targets bet365 new user promo propaganda also include the illiterate "rural ignorant people"。Due to the low literacy rate bet365 new user promo people in the Qing Dynasty，Prefectures and counties in various places usually stipulate the laws of township covenants，By word of mouth or song、Legal propaganda in the form of pictures。

The Qing Dynasty had a vast territory，Customs vary from place to place。Therefore，Officials from various places are preaching the provisions bet365 new user promo township covenant，County magistrates often combine the types of local high-incidence cases，Publish local regulations。Eleventh year of Tongzhi，Shanghai County Magistrate Ye Tingjuan formulated seven township covenants that could easily be violated by the people，Proceed for publication，Contents include: Prohibition of widow snatching and forced marriage and abduction of women；It is prohibited to snatch cattle for ransom and privately slaughter farm cattle；Prohibition of gambling and sex shows；It is forbidden to mint small amounts of money privately and harbor bandits and prostitutes；Prohibition on abetting lawsuits and collusion；It is forbidden to drink alcohol to cause trouble and disturb kindness。These rural covenants and regulations are mostly related to people’s production and life、Social behaviors that endanger grassroots social stability and are closely related to the ruling order，Propose it together through legal preaching，Achieve the goal of building good local customs。

　Fifth，Legal propaganda through rural covenants bet365 new user promo Qing Dynasty，Usually a public office set up in a town，Or it can be done in tented tents in crowded areas。Every preaching date，Immediately use yellow paper to write several items of "Holy Edict and Guangxun"，Put it on the table、Concise preaching，People are listening attentively。Rural areas outside cities and towns，Multiple selections of preaching venues are at temples，Most of them are City God Temples。Generally, the landkeeper prepares tables and stools in advance，Lest the villagers "get tired and want to retreat if they stand for a long time"。

Aiming at the actual situation of local propaganda spaces in the Qing Dynasty，Legal propaganda is mostly concentrated in urban areas，There are relatively few preaching in rural areas outside the city。August bet365 new user promo second year of Qianlong，Wang Yang, the minister of Dali Temple, once reported，It is believed that there are officials from various provinces who preach the "Holy Edict" and most of them are in the city，As for market towns and villages，Mostly written notices，Most villagers cannot accurately "understand the meaning"。Therefore，Wang Yang asked state and county officials to issue concise instructions and notices that are easy for rural people to understand，To ensure that everyone receives the materials，Everyone can browse and read at any time without any obstacles。However, the memorial was not approved by Emperor Qianlong，Emperor Qianlong thinks，The content of "Holy Edict and Guangxun" is in line with the reality of people's livelihood，Do not oversimplify，So as not to achieve the effectiveness bet365 new user promo holy will。At the same time，Qianlong requested the governors of all provinces，Supervisor Yousi，Preach the "Holy Edict" sincerely，Let "people in distant places" know and abide by it。Eighteenth year of Jiaqing，The imperial edict mentioned in the instructions that the frequent occurrence of local cases was due to the "incompetent education" of local officials。Therefore，The most important thing state and county officials should do is to "implement with strength"，Preach it effectively。At the same time，Considering that local people’s literacy and understanding conditions vary，Request to compile "Holy Edict and Guangxun" into a popular and easy-to-understand language，And there is a method of text and accompanying pictures similar to "The Interpretation of Holy Oracles"，Put up notices all over remote areas。In short，Legal propaganda was mainly carried out in local society in the Qing Dynasty through the combination with rural covenants，Analysis from the spatial perspective of legal propaganda in rural areas，This kind of legal propaganda activity is still based on posting notices，Oral preaching is less common than in urban areas。

The Qing Dynasty’s governance model to achieve social enlightenment through legal propaganda，Throughout the Qing Dynasty，Especially in Yongzheng、The most prominent during the Qianlong period，The social effects achieved are also the best in history，This is also the inevitable result bet365 new user promo country’s prosperous development。The gradual promotion of this system，For the stability of national order，Especially the role of legal functions in social governance，of great significance。

　(This article is a phased result bet365 new user promo Humanities and Social Sciences Youth Fund Project bet365 new user promo Ministry of Education "Research on Tu Lai Behavior and Social Governance in the Qing Dynasty" (21YJC820046)

(Author’s affiliation: Institute of History and Culture, bet365 new user promo of Marxism, University of Science and Technology Beijing)