Cai Yi (1906-1992)，Born in You County, Hunan, June 1906。Name Shou Sheng at birth，Later from the name South Crown。In 1931, when the novel "Prophet" was published in "Oriental Magazine"，Cai Yi with pen name，I have been using it since then。Childhood，Learn "Book of Songs" and "Zuo Zhuan" with my father。1921，Entering Changsha Changjun Middle School。1925，Entering the preparatory course of Peking University。During the period of Peking University, I started to contact new literature，And initially accepted the revolutionary thought of progress，Join the Communist Youth League in the winter of 1926，During this period, I also started a new text study，Add "Shen Zhongshe"。1927 summer，Beijing is under the high pressure of the warlord in Feng system，The Southern Revolution situation is rising，Cai Yixiu Xuenan South Return，But there is no tissue relationship。Idea is distressed，In the autumn of 1929, Japan，The Department of Philosophy Education in Tokyo Higher Normal School、The Department of Literature at the Department of Japanese Literature at the University of Empires of Kyushu。During the day，Participated in the discussion of the Materials Theory Research Association，Read Marx、Engels's theoretical article on realism。Summer 1937，Study after studying at the Kyushu Empire University，Back to Peiping, he joined the enemy to rescue the rescue activities。After 1939，Working to the Third Hall of the Political Department of the Chongqing National Government Military Commission and the work of the Cultural Working Committee。After a suspension of political propaganda work，Research on literary theory，Writing "New Art Theory", "New Aesthetics"。After the Southern Anhui Incident，Cai Yi expressed the request to join the party。From September to October 1945，Proposed to join the party again。December of the same year，Approved by the party organization，officially joined the Communist Party of China。Since 1946，Cai Yi at Shanghai Daxia University、Hangzhou Art College、Second Department of North China University、Teaching lesson for the Central Academy of Fine Arts。Later, I published the "Speech of the History of Chinese New Literature" based on the course lecture lecture on the two departments of the new literature movement at North China University。October 1953，Adjustment to the Institute of Literature of the Chinese Academy of Sciences。This period，In response to Lu Ying's articles in the Literature and Art News, he participated in aesthetic discussion，Complete "Ideal Aesthetic Criticism Collection" in 1958，Complete "On Realism" in 1959，In addition, the editor -in -chief has "Introduction to Literature", "Literary Theory Translation Series", "Classical Literary Theory Translation"。After the 1980s，In addition to rewriting "New Aesthetics"，The main energy is promoting the development of Marxist aesthetics，Edit "Aesthetic Cluster" and popularize aesthetic knowledge。

Cai Yi's life runs through the most ups and downs of China in the 20th century。His childhood，It is the Revolution of Xinhai。Youth，He was influenced by the May 4th New Cultural Movement，Add to the Communist Youth League，Then study in Japan。After the Japanese militarism launched a comprehensive war of aggression against China，Cai Yi has devoted himself to the National Anti -Japanese War led by the Communist Party of China。It is in the beacon of national salvation，Cai Yi became a firm Communist and Marxist literary theorist，Marxism is the academic pursuit and life of life in his life。

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1925，Cai Yi is admitted to Beijing University Foundation。At that time，It is the tide of the May 4th New Culture Movement、New Cultural Camp to Differential Times。A large number of young students are influenced by Li Dazhao，Go out of the school gate to promote Marxism，Drop of revolutionary activities。Affected by this atmosphere，Cai Yi Bet365 app download and their classmates go to the workers' night school near Peking University、Lecture。This is an important period in the process of formation of Cai Yi's thoughts，From "old learning" to "New Knowledge"。Cai Yiyou made up from his father，Familiar with old learning，One of his names "South Crown" is taken from the Chu people Zhongyi story in "Zuo Zhuan"，"Chu Prisoner，Gentleman also。Saying its pioneer，Not back to the back;，Don’t forget the old "，Its people have always hidden in Cai Yi's heart，Most of his novels and poetry creation are revealed。but but，He is a new generation of scholars who have been baptized by the May 4th New Culture Movement and Marxist thought。In the poem "Eighty Sensor"，Cai Yi has recalled: "Old Red Mansion, 60 years ago，Give me new knowledge to comfort me，Refers to my new road in my life，Lifetime hard pursuit。”

1927，Beijing is under the reactionary rule of the warlord，Revolution in a low tide。Especially after the "Four Eight" tragedy，The situation is even worse。Cai Yixiu Xuenan South Return，detour Tianjin、Shanghai to Wuhan，Try to find the party organization。When he arrived at Luwu，The situation has changed，The revolution in Wuhan at that time was also in crisis。Cai Yi failed to contact the party organization，I have to temporarily return to my hometown in Hunan。June -July, 1929 from his hometown，The reactionaries of the three provinces of Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi have mobilized the strength of five regiments，Pingjiang、Reactionary armed forces in Liuyang and other places，Movement of "Kuai"，Massacre more than 30,000 people。This period，It is the difficult phase of the Hunan and Hubei Revolutionary bases。Cai Yi during his tutoring in his hometown，It was caught by the local warlord as the suspect of the Communist Party。Later，There is a shadow in the novel "The Prophet" he created。The story of this novel borrows the story of Bian He，Both he wrote that he could not get understanding depression and death，More strokes described by many strokes to describe 卞。The style and characters of this novel are reminiscent of the "Shen Zhongshe" that Cai Yi participated in the early years。The homepage of its innovation number quotes Jixin's famous sentence "I want to work，until the day of my death "。When Lu Xun commented on the work of "Shen Zhongshe"，Once said, "Sing the true and beautiful people to the lonely people"，But it is also "the unpreparedness of the intestinal broken bowel"。This broken bowl is not sentimental、hesitant，but quiet and warm，Therefore, Lu Xun praised "Shen Zhongshe" as "China's most tough，The most honest，The most struggling group "。The image of the protagonist of the novel "Prophet", although sad，but not hesitated，This is the consciousness and self -introspection from the author Cai Yi in the face of national worry。

Autumn 1929，Cai Yidong to Japan，Study in Tokyo Higher Normal School，After studying at the Kyushu Empire University,。Cai Yi study abroad，It is not to avoid the book of Zhai because of the low tide of the revolution，"Cai Yi Chuan" has described Cai Yi in this period "looking for organization，Finding the Revolutionary Hearts Not Death "。During this period，He has contacted a lot of Marxist research and propaganda books，Laid a solid foundation for the later theoretical research work。but but，What makes Cai Yi always be concerned about the demise of the nation。Summer 1937，He returned to Peiping after finishing credits at the Kyushu Empire University。

With the outbreak of the Anti -Japanese War，Cai Yi will abandon the work of looking for academic circles，In some anti -enemy rescue activities in Peiping's cultural circles。After the fall of Peiping，He arrived in Changsha、Wuhan，Assist Lu Zhenyu to run the Hunan cultural community to fight against the enemy's supporting association，Responsible for academic affairs。The Hunan Cultural Circle Anti -enemy Aid Association is the most active in Hunan in the early days of the Anti -Japanese War led by our party、The most influential people's anti -Japanese group。early 1939，Because Xue Yue replaced Zhang Zhizhong to Hunan，Persist bet365 best casino games in anti -Communist、Strike the progressive forces。As the cultural circles leave one after another，Hunan Cultural Circles Anti -enemy Aid Association and other rescue groups were also disintegrated。Cai Yi and Progressive Cultural People came to Chongqing，Work in the third hall of the Political Department of the National Government Military Commission。The Third Hall is the leader of the Southern Bureau of the Communist Party of China，The main job is to unite social celebrities、Organizes the masses、Promoting anti -Japanese rescue。Because Cai Yi once stayed in Japan，Know Japanese，Therefore, he is with Yu Ruizhen, a classmate of Kyushu Empire University，Politics assigned to write and edit politics、Cultural "Research on enemy Love" Bookbook，Edited important information from Japanese newspapers，Provided to the superior department。At the same time，They write anti -Japanese anti -war leaflets and propaganda products every month，and write an analysis of enemy conditions in the magazine's draft。From the Hunan Cultural Circles Anti -enemy Aid Conference to the enemy's situation in the third hall，During two or three years after returning to China，Cai Yi did not engage in professional research in aesthetic and literary theory。He later recalled，"At that time, the brains were all anti -Japanese，Can be said to go all out "。

　Build Marxist aesthetic theory

early 1941，Cai Yi expressed his wish to the party's responsible comrades，At that time, it was shortly after the southern Anhui Incident。The same choice as 1927，The more when the revolution is in crisis，Cai Yi's more firmly invests in revolutionary operations。After the South Anhui Incident,，The third hall was forced to reorganize it into the Cultural Working Committee，Can't continue to publicly publicize political propaganda work in Chongqing。In order to adapt to the change and development of the situation，Zhou Enlai proposed "people with research ability，Use this opportunity as soon as possible，Sit down to do some research，Hurry up to deepen yourself，Research a few problems，What book do you want to write and write it out "，"Wait for the revolution to victory，There are so many things to do，until then，Everyone is more busy，You want to study the question、Writing a book，It's hard to find time! "(" Party History of the Southern Bureau -Cultural Work "(6)，Chongqing Press 1990 Edition) So，Cai Yi no longer does "Enemy Love Research"，Instead, return to the field of literary theory research that I was paying attention to。The basic principle of Marxist philosophy he learned during studying in Japan、Based on theoretical interpretation of Engels's realist article，In 1942, I wrote "New Art Theory"。Guo Moruo published the first chapter of the book "Content and Form of Art" in the "Central Plains" creation number，Then published several other sections in the second issue of "Art -related Properties"，Recommend and publish to the Business Press。1944，Cai Yi completed "New Aesthetics"，The preface of the book begins: "Old aesthetics has completely exposed its contradictions，However, aesthetics cannot be established ... This is a new system established in a new method。Not without sending aesthetics for the development of aesthetics。"" After many years，We can still feel the intense in it，It is in a bland text，More determined。"New" here，refers to Marxism。Under the political high pressure of the Guo Tong District at that time，The title of the book cannot be used directly with Marxism。"New Art Theory" has a great influence among young readers in Guowong District at that time，Painter Li Keran invited Cai Yi to discuss with progressive students in Chongqing National Art College he taught，Because these students have read "New Art Theory", they want to ask the author for some questions。Later, the idea of ​​editing "Youth Knowledge" of Cai Yi was from this to germinate，Want to do something for young friends。

For "New Art Theory"，Some researchers today believe that Cai Yi has been influenced by Japanese aesthetic scholars Ganmei Shijie，The focus of the commentary is in systemic rather than original，and Bet365 lotto review about the theory of Marxism in the book、Revolutionary expositions in the field of aesthetics are rarely mentioned。"New Art Theory" and "New Aesthetics".，Guidance with materialism as a fundamental methodology with materialism。These two books are not only the creation of the disciplinary sense，It should be understood as an important attempt and practice to use the basic theory of Marxism for theoretical struggle。"New Aesthetics" preface proposed a clear theoretical position，This is often understood as a critical between different camps，is the concept of the concept of Zhu Guangqian。Actually，This interpretation did not fully observe the real state of Cai Yi's theoretical thinking in the 1940s，Cai Yi has an obvious difference between the left -wing theorists of the same time: at that time he rarely wrote literary criticism，I did not directly intervene in certain arguments。

at Cai Yi Thinking Center，Instead of criticizing the "old"，It is better to say "new" exploration: What does Marxism mean? For the dilemma and way out of China's new literature，What does Marxism mean? He chose a more far -reaching and difficult theoretical thinking and theoretical struggle。The meaning of this choice，To grasp from the development of new literature。Revolutionary Literature Theory of Revolutionary Literature in the 1920s is important，It elaborates the class and revolution of literature，and drive Marxism、Translation introduction of Leninist literary theory。After the revolutionary literary theory,，Lu Xun and Feng Xuefeng chaired the translation and publishing Plekhanov's "Art Theory", "Art and Social Life" and Lu Nauski's "Theory of Art", "The Social Foundation of Art", etc.。This is not only out of interest in knowledge，More realistic needs，The dilemma of revolutionary literature needs to be theoretically clearing source。In the early 1930s，The establishment of the Chinese Left Alliance Although the new literature movement has a powerful organization，But there is not much in -depth for the construction of literary theory。The weaknesses in theoretical construction are the most obvious in the argument of "Third People"，This dilemma also prompted the left -wing literature camp to consciously think about the theoretical foundation of revolutionary literature。

The reason why materialist aesthetics can develop rapidly in the left theoretical community in the 1930s，The reality of the rescue map is closely related。1937，Zhou Yang published "We need new aesthetics -a view and perception of Mr. Liang Shiqiu and Zhu Guangqian's argument on" Literature Beauty "，Proposed "New Aesthetics is no longer a study of abstract beauty，It should point out that beauty requirements are not the last source of art works，It itself，Just like art works，is the product of the historical society，This is the fundamental difference between new and old aesthetics，The starting point of the former and the latter "。Although this article does not discuss the characteristics of new aesthetics in detail，No strict logical system and category system is not constructed，but very firm and consciously explained the problem of beauty with Marxist epistemology。Cai Yi in the last chapter of "New Art Theory" and the art of art，I proposed "What is beauty?" And initially formed "the beauty of art lies in the typical of art，The typical image of art is the typical image of beauty "" beauty is typical，Typical is beauty "and other arguments。The book "New Aesthetics" he wrote in 1944，The earliest China in the 20th century、Systematic、Materialist aesthetic monographs。From 1937 to the advent of "New Art Theory" and "New Aesthetics"，China's Marxist literature theory and Marxist aesthetics reached a high level in a short period of time。

"New Art Theory" and "New Aesthetics" is openly guided with Marxist dialectical materialism as the fundamental method of aesthetic research，Only by this foothold can we establish "scientific aesthetics"。This period，Left -wing literary theorist calls for the "farewell" of the old and new aesthetics, "Break"，Of course, this is due to the consideration of real struggle，What's more important is to Bet365 lotto review consolidate the theoretical foundation for the revolutionary literary movement，The rigor and thoroughness of theoretical thinking and the complexity in actual struggle is two different levels，You must not be mixed with a trace。This thoroughness，Focus on the relationship between the relationship between the existence of matter in philosophy and the subjective consciousness.。Cai Yi thinks，"Aesthetic materialism and idealism are divided，Just like this distinction in philosophy，It is determined by the nature of the aesthetic thought itself，Not the one that others are imposed to it。Therefore, this is the fact of the facts，Is a question that is recognized or not recognized，instead of moral preaching，Not a problem that should be or not。Who wants to deny，Who wants to oppose，Naturally with its freedom "。"New Art Theory" and "New Aesthetics" brings the basic problems of philosophy into the field of aesthetics and literary theory，Change the discussion of aesthetics dominated by literary and artistic psychology in the 1930s。This is a significant characteristic of Cai Yi's thinking thinking，From the fundamental philosophical argument，Explaining what is philosophical、What are the major and non -problems of aesthetic materialism and idealism。In the Aesthetic Discussion in the 1950s，The title of an article by Cai Yi is "On the Fundamental Differential Differential Differential Materialism and Idealism in Aesthetics"。Look at society with Marxist epistemology、Analysis of art activities，Pay attention to objectivity，Midea is an objective understanding object，Art Creation finally wants readers to see the essential law behind the phenomenon，This also constitutes a feature in the 20th century Chinese aesthetic education journey。Unexplained in details of the specific point of view，Single is the problem of this big right and wrong，Cai Yi's aesthetic thought in Marxist aesthetics、In the development of Chinese aesthetics, there are historical achievements。

　　Explore the materialist aesthetic system

Although Cai Yi does not directly participate in theoretical theory,，But he observed，The Marxist literary theory introduced in the 1930s is generally only the fundamental rules of literary theory，Rarely involving practical problems of literature such as creative method，These are practical problems facing the left -wing literary movement。More importantly，Although the theoretical world at that time, the theoretical world grasped Marxism、​​The basic concept of Leninism，But how these basic concepts are combined with the specific reality of the Chinese revolution、How to use it in the Chinese New Literature Movement cannot be correctly understood。This is the main reason for the preferences of sectarianism and literary theory。Cai Yi when writing "New Art Theory"，Consciously strengthened the discussion of these issues。Some researchers compared the "New Art of Art" and Soviet scholar Vinogladov's "New Literature Tutorial"，The basic point of view of the two is consistent，But Cai Yi's discussion of the problem is much more detailed。The detailed part is in typical problems、World View and Creative Methods, and Realist Issues。Cai Yi's analysis of these problems does not copy the philosophical terms of materialism，Instead of presenting new explanations with new theoretical positions and methods。So，Although "New Art Theory" has a clear ideological and cultural position，But literary theory based on this dialectical thinking，Compared with the literary theory of the previous humanistic position or the literary theory of early proletarian positions，More tolerance and integrity。

Cai Yi in the theoretical work in the 1940s，Consciously contact the practical experience of Chinese revolutionary literature and art in the 20th century to make theoretical reflection，This research path has been running through the writing of "Introduction to Literature" in the 1960s。Cai Yi has more specific analysis of literary creation in the socialist period in "Introduction to Literature"。For example，His direction of how to understand literary and bet365 Play online games artistic workers, peasants and soldiers、How to understand the relationship between inheritance and innovation、How to understand the theoretical problems proposed in the combination of revolutionary realism and revolutionary romanticism，There are exquisite discussions。This is both the uniqueness of Cai Yi theoretical work，It is also the meaning of the theory of Marxist literary theory。Cai Yi has also made another attempt，Writing of the history of literature。After the victory of the Anti -Japanese War，He returns from Chongqing to Shanghai，and then arrived at the North China Liberation Zone at the end of 1948，Teach the history of new literature at the two departments of the two departments of North China University，On this basis。Cai Yi introduced: "It is not the historical facts of narrative general new literature history movement，Just examine the problems in the history of new literature; but want to pass these problems，To understand the general situation of the new literature movement。"" These problems "are the relationship between the new literature movement and the revolutionary movement、Unity and struggle of the New Literature Movement、The spirit of new realism、Popularization tendency。Writers who often rely on literary history writing、Works、Silicon、Schools, etc.，Cai Yi's "These problems" is the node of theoretical thinking。From the refinement of "these problems"，We can see that Cai Yi has begun to try to get out of the topic and concept category of Marxist literary theory，From the realist literary experience in the European context in the 18th and 19th centuries,，More deeply rooted in the historic in the development of new literature in China。The writing method of "Chinese New Literature History" is a literary history -style，But the historical materialism in the writing context is also an important part of Cai Yi's aesthetic thinking。

In a conversation with students，Cai Yi talked many times，Research History of Aesthetics，The important thing is that you cannot start from the concept or solve it from Western aesthetics。Materialist aesthetics is not just the upside -up of the basic philosophical position，Instead of comprehensively and systematically, the creative experience of ancient, modern, Chinese and foreign、Summary of laws。After the 1980s，Cai Yi's energy is mainly placed in the rewriting of "New Aesthetics" and the interpretation and controversy of Marx's manuscripts，I did not directly study the history of Chinese aesthetics。In "New Art Theory"，Cai Yi more quoted traditional Chinese literary theory、Related pen method in painting theory、Tips、The relevant understanding of the law of art creation，Compared with more abstract distinguished analysis in the chapter of "Artistic Cognition"，"The expression of art" one more incorporated into its own creative experience，The criticism of left -wing literary practice in the same period is also more obvious。In the writing of "Introduction to Literature"，He also consciously regards Chinese literature as an important reference。An important background of the writing of "Introduction to Literature" is the Sino -Soviet argument in the 1960s，The domestic situation starts from "one side" to independence、Self -reliance。In this historical background，Editors of university liberal arts textbooks including "Introduction to Literature"，Zhou Yang clear，"We are now going to the general truth of Marxism，Looking back to summarize China's literary heritage and literary experience since May 4th，Get our own Marxist theory -Sinicization Theory "。This is a question that Zhou Yang has always thought about，In the background of the division of China -Soviet split，The efforts of the Chineseization of Marxist literature and art theory are more presented as cutting with Soviet literary and artistic textbooks，Highlight national characteristics。"Introduction to Literature" in the big framework，Three pieces of Soviet textbooks (literary essence、Work Analysis and Literature Development) Transformation into five theories: essential theory、Work Theory、Creative Theory、Critical appreciation theory and development bet365 live casino games theory。Creative Theory，Especially criticism of appreciation theory，It is not available in Soviet textbooks，It is a summary of traditional Chinese literary theory and literary experience。

Aesthetics of materialist epistemology explored in Cai Yi、In the literary theoretical system，The study of the history of Chinese aesthetics has always been in a very important position。In particular, the special analysis is，Cai Yi attaches great importance to Chinese aesthetics and poetic thoughts，Not because of the historical atmosphere that requires prominent national characteristics in the 1960s，Instead, it is more considered from the historical view of Marxist materialism。Chinese traditional literary thoughts，Not only Cai Yi’s ideological resources，It is also a dialogue formed by the thinking framework of materialism; and the artistic practice of China in the 20th century and even political practice，Not only the historical background of Cai Yi's theoretical thinking，Still his thinking object。Cai Yi's reflection on left -wing literary practice，and the tension between the theorists inside the left -wing camp,，It was not weaker than the liberal theorist who was called "liberalism" at the time。and traditional literary theory、These two layers of dialogue between the new literature，It constitutes the foundation of "New Art Theory" for the "artistic creation process"。Multiple clues presented in Cai Yi's theoretical work Reminder，The static understanding mode of "classic" and "translation" of Marxist literary theory should not be adhered to，to be comprehensive、Historically understanding the "theoretical originality" of the development of Chinese Marxist literature and art theory in the 20th century。

Cai Yi's belief in Marxism，Not from the reading in the book，Instead, it is closely related to the revolution of the Chinese nation and rescue，The wind and clouds of the 20th century always dominate Cai Yi's life choice and academic choice。1977 summer，He Qifang died of illness。Cai Yi wrote in the mourning poem: "Go to Yan'an Revolutionary Township，Director of the party and the country to change the costume。Fitting dream lyric pen，Dang as the people to fight against enemy guns。Fortunately in forty years of diligence，Endless Payment Article。Shangyu Xiu Epic Poetry，This wish can be injured without compensation。"on many major issues of aesthetics and literary theory，Their views are not completely consistent，But the relationship is close，The relationship is very deep。This mourning poem brief reviews He Qifang's life，Especially the starting point of reviewing is in Yan'an，This not only has the pursuit of He Qifang，It is also full of recognition of the revolutionary road they chose together，That is a poet who came out of the beacon of the nation's rescue、Scholar、Warrior，Diligence for、Unwavering Revolutionary。In this spiritual process，Cai Yi still believes that aesthetic research must adhere to the basic principles of Marxism in his later years，It must be realistic，"Research on Aesthetics or Literature Theory，Directly related to the creation and criticism of literature and art，Aesthetic education and beautification directly related to the spirit of the people，There is no doubt that it is an important department of cultural sciences "。

　　(Author Unit: Institute of Literature of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)