According to the binary division of bet365 best casino games and private laws，bet365 best casino games service as an important function of the government，Usually taking the form of a bet365 best casino games organization。In recent years，For the marketization of bet365 best casino games services、Some disadvantages after industrialization，The call for “publicization” of bet365 best casino games services is getting louder，Some commentators even advocate its "re-administration"。But in practice，The subjects responsible for administrative tasks take various forms，Beyond the framework of bet365 best casino games and private divisions，This is clearly reflected in the "14th Five-Year Plan" bet365 best casino games Service Plan (hereinafter referred to as the "Plan")。Therefore，To choose the organizational form of bet365 best casino games services，The selected object is not an ideal structure in an abstract sense，But a practice-based one、Operation mechanism that can ensure its publicity。

　　Establish the principle of subsidiarity in bet365 best casino games services

bet365 best casino games services are not a legal concept，Current definition and use of this concept，There are two aspects that emphasize the "demand-supply" relationship and the "service-service provider" relationship。The principle of subsidiarity is the primary organizing principle of bet365 best casino games services，bet365 best casino games services provided by the government，Only necessary when the individual cannot obtain it (efficiently) by his own efforts or relying on social help。In terms of organizational division of labor，The government’s provision of bet365 best casino games services is a supplementary and auxiliary act，Later in order and with certain limits。The scope and subject of bet365 best casino games service supply，Shows the dynamic relationship between the bet365 best casino games and private spheres to a great extent。Need further explanation: first，Providers of bet365 best casino games services are not limited to bet365 best casino games entities，The government is the main supplier of basic bet365 best casino games services，Not the only subject。Although the basic positioning of bet365 best casino games services is bet365 best casino games welfare，But ensuring the bet365 best casino games welfare of an organization is not the only option。Second，The scenario where the government provides bet365 best casino games services is mainly a case of market failure，But not limited to this。The market itself cannot provide bet365 best casino games goods efficiently，Difficulties in personal life caused by natural disasters and other emergencies，Unfairness caused by unbalanced resource allocation，All can be reasons for providing bet365 best casino games services。Third，The principle of subsidiarity only applies to shared permissions。When certain functions are based on their own attributes or legal provisions，When it belongs to the exclusive permissions of specific organizations and individuals，The principle of subsidiarity does not apply。

"Planning" focuses on the relationship of "supply-demand"，Divide needs into three levels: basic needs for all、The high-level needs of most citizens and the individual needs of residents，Accordingly, the government responsibility is determined as the final guarantee responsibility、Actively promote responsibility and maintain order，Establishing a diversified supply pattern from a auxiliary perspective at a macro level。This arrangement presupposes the priority of social and individual self-responsibility，The direct responsibility of the state is limited to ensuring minimum basic needs，It is based on positive law。For example，The guarantee subject of Article 45 of the "Constitution" "Right to Obtain Material Assistance"，Includes both “state” and “society”；In addition to clarifying that citizens have the right and obligation to receive education、Compulsory education is a bet365 best casino games welfare undertaking guaranteed by the state，Also encourage social forces to participate in education；The "Basic Medical and Health Promotion Law" stipulates that basic bet365 best casino games health services are provided free of charge by the state，Basic medical service costs are mainly paid by basic medical insurance funds and individuals，Citizens have the right and obligation to participate in basic medical insurance。

The "publicity" of bet365 best casino games services is reflected in two aspects: "universality" and "equality": universality means that bet365 best casino games services are accessible to all people，Mainly provided free of charge by the government；Equality refers to equal enjoyment，The state has the obligation to promote the development of bet365 best casino games services、Correction of resource imbalances between regions and groups。For the government，This bet365 best casino games nature is the basis of government power，That’s where the legitimacy lies，It is also the limit of government power，That’s where the legality lies。Therefore，Educational undertakings organized by non-governmental entities、Medical and health undertakings are obviously bet365 best casino games welfare undertakings in the sense of meeting bet365 best casino games needs，So we cannot simply equate bet365 best casino games welfare with the bet365 best casino games nature of the organization。

　　Promote the legal person reform of bet365 best casino games welfare institutions

On the basis of the principle of subsidiarity of bet365 best casino games services，To determine the organizational form of bet365 best casino games services，It is also necessary to clarify how the government performs its responsibilities。current，There are three main ways for the government to provide bet365 best casino games services: one is direct performance，That is, performing duties in the form of an administrative agency。Second, guarantee performance，That is, directly performed by bet365 best casino games welfare organizations established in accordance with the law，The government provides full funding or project-based funding，If the organization fails to fulfill its responsibilities，The government shall bear the final responsibility。The third is to purchase services，That is, using government procurement，Purchase bet365 best casino games products or services from qualified entities。“Purchasing services” is not limited to procurement in the traditional sense，Also includes bet365 best casino games and private buildings mentioned in the "Plan"、Government and social capital cooperation, etc.。Division of ways to perform government bet365 best casino games service responsibilities，Highlighting the important role of bet365 best casino games welfare institutions as bet365 best casino games service providers。Therefore，How to organizationally transform bet365 best casino games welfare institutions should attract more attention。

Currently，The overall direction of the reform of bet365 best casino games institutions is still to "separate political affairs、Separate business and enterprise、Separation of management and office”。To this，A promising suggestion is，Transform bet365 best casino games welfare institutions into independent administrative legal persons。Follow this idea，Administrative legal persons are not hierarchically controlled administrative agencies，Not a private legal person with autonomy，It is the third type of subject that provides bet365 best casino games services besides the two。On the one hand，Independent administrative legal persons do not need to be directly managed by the state，More relaxed personnel arrangements can be implemented、Financial Rules，Moderate introduction to pursue efficiency、Flexible organizational model，Focus on cost benefits and improvement of organizational effectiveness。On the other hand，An independent administrative legal person is a bet365 best casino games organization with administrative task orientation，Established in accordance with law and authorization，The undertakings it undertakes cannot be completely replaced by civil organizations，Therefore, independent administrative legal persons do not have the freedom to dissolve like private legal persons。

This kind of thinking is of great value to the legal person reform of bet365 best casino games institutions in our country。current，Our country’s bet365 best casino games institutions have the need to de-administrate，There is also a need to enhance bet365 best casino games welfare。Incorporation of bet365 best casino games institutions，Can break the administrative level，Give bet365 best casino games institutions legal persons greater autonomy，Clear the boundaries of their rights and obligations；And establish a relatively stable organizational structure and effective supervision mechanism，Ensure that its bet365 best casino games welfare is not distorted by the profit induction mechanism。What needs clarification，De-administration does not necessarily weaken the bet365 best casino games welfare of bet365 best casino games institutions。For example，Social concepts generally believe that，There is a big difference in the bet365 best casino games welfare nature of bet365 best casino games hospitals and private hospitals，However, empirical research shows that the two are similar in terms of bet365 best casino games welfare。Therefore，Management and Organizational Structural Factors，Instead of the strength and weakness of the subject’s publicity，More able to affect the quality of bet365 best casino games services - the safety standards of surgery are in the bet365 best casino games sector、Private hospitals are equally applicable，The professional level of doctors is not necessarily related to the main nature of the hospital。In addition，The legalization of bet365 best casino games institutions varies greatly in different industries，Cannot simply apply the same organizational structure，Should be based on the field in which it is located、Responsible for designing functions and specific environments。

　　Ensuring the “publicity” of the bet365 best casino games service operation process

The bet365 best casino games welfare pursued by bet365 best casino games services，Often conflicts with corporate operating methods。The basic idea of ​​designing bet365 best casino games service organizations is: according to the nature of bet365 best casino games service matters，Improve operational efficiency with the most appropriate organizational method，Improve service quality and ensure administrative transparency。For the bet365 best casino games nature of the organization，Traditionally, there are three judgment factors: (1) Legal status，Who is the owner of the organization，Who is ultimately responsible for the performance of the organization。For that matter，bet365 best casino games organizations are collectively owned by all people。(2) Source of funds，That is, the organization’s funding source is provided by taxpayers，Still paid by consumers。bet365 best casino games services are usually paid for by taxpayers，But there are also cases where users pay。(3) Degree of control，The extent to which an organization is subject to political power rather than market forces。To this，The bet365 best casino games sector can obtain prior permission、Quality Standard、Final decision-making power and other direct control，Also available through financial assistance、Personnel selection and other mechanisms to achieve indirect effects。Overall，bet365 best casino games service as an administrative task，The operation process has never been beyond the control of the administrative department，Even if the organizational form has been privatized，The bet365 best casino games nature of administrative tasks itself still exists。

Therefore，For bet365 best casino games services，The publicity is not a question of existence but a question of degree，The degree of publicity affects organizational performance，Also affects "Internal Organizational Variables"，such as the value of the organization、Structures and Objectives。Publicity emphasizes a process characteristic，Rather than simply being associated with a specific organization type。For bet365 best casino games institutions currently under external administrative control，Functional external governance is particularly needed。For example，In addition to quantitative indicators of performance，Qualitative evaluation of bet365 best casino games services can also be carried out through independent evaluation committees；Strengthen social supervision of bet365 best casino games services，Increase the transparency of business activities in bet365 best casino games services；Strengthen regular information disclosure by bet365 best casino games enterprises and institutions，Includes information such as annual financial statements and annual operating conditions。In addition，When the government cooperates with other social organizations to provide bet365 best casino games services，Performance standards for bet365 best casino games services can be clarified through contracts、bet365 best casino games participation、Third-party supervision and certification, etc.，Use contract mechanism as a means to ensure publicity。

　(The author is an associate professor at Beihang University Law School)