June 19, 2023，The 17th Chai Kevsky International Music Competition (hereinafter referred to as "Chai Sai") opened in Moscow。Chinese pianist Liu Shikun is invited to be judges of the competition，and performed the second movement of "Yellow River" at the opening ceremony and "My Motherland"，A Chinese voice played again in the world -class piano competition。Surrounding Chinese and foreign classical music performance、Creation、Education and civilized exchange and mutual learning，The reporter interviewed Johnathan Cole, director of the composition department of Liu Shikun and the Royal Academy of Music。

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"China Social Sciences": How did you embark on the road of classical music?

Liu Shikun:I was born in 1939，Start learning the piano at the age of three。At that time, there were only Beijing in the city in China、Shanghai、Tianjin、Harbin、Qingdao and Xiamen。At that time, Yanjing University had a music department，But there is basically no one in the society。My father graduated from the National Music College Vocal Professional，Parenting music, he wants to cultivate me into an excellent musician。At that time，I have four pianos and tens of thousands of classical music vinyl records at home。That year，Study piano like me requires two conditions。First，The family of the piano boy needs to understand music，At that time, families who did not understand music at that time could not expect to arrange children to learn music。2，The family must be rich，Learning piano costs are expensive，Please ask the teacher to teach and buy piano costs high。At the beginning，My father hugs me to play the piano on his leg，He played a sentence，I play a sentence。Later, I invited Liu Jinding, the teacher of the Department of Music from Peking University as my enlightenment teacher。She and my father cooperate with me to practice piano，I cultivated me。Later，I have a lot of other teachers。

　　"China Social Sciences": You are one of the earliest pianists in China to participate in piano competitions overseas，What are the changes in the international piano competition for more than 70 years?

Liu Shikun:I am the second Chinese pianist who won awards in international competitions。The first is Fu Cong，In 1955, I won the third place in Warsaw, Poland.。1956 I was sent by the country，Participated in the Lest International Piano Competition in Budapest, Hungary。At that time, the international community knew little about China，The situation in the Chinese music industry is almost known。I was 17 years old，Many people see that China cultivates a youth pianist，I feel very surprised。Liszt's work is the most difficult technology in the world，No one expected to win the prize in the Chinese before the game。This game is divided into four rounds，Each round of eliminating some people，Only 8 people left in the fourth round，These 8 people have all their famous。After my first round, I finished，All judges stand up and applaud me，Drive the audience of the audience also standing up and applauding。2、The third round of my performance response is also the hottest，So everyone thinks that I can take the first。But after the fourth round of finals，Give me the third place。The reason was affected by the political situation at that time，Hungary as a socialist country，Empress with the Soviet Union，The first place must be awarded to the Soviets，The second place is awarded to the host Hungary player，Players in other countries can only get third place。I have the third place to cause public opinion，The Hungarian government takes an exception from taking out a pinch of golden brown Liszt hair from the Liszt Museum as a reward，I have won the precious reward that I have failed to get the runner -up player as the third place。

At that time, there were few international piano competitions，After reform and opening up，China slowly set off piano heat，More people learning piano have become more，The Academy of Music has also been opened，It is not surprising to win the award internationally internationally today。It is difficult to say how many piano competitions are there in international international，It is said that there are more than 100 in Italy。It is currently recognized as a more well -known piano competition with Russian Chai competition、The United States Fan Cleben International Piano Competition、Chopin International Piano Competition in Poland、The Liz International Piano Competition in the UK。Some previous well -known games have not been so prominent in recent years，Including Queen Elizabeth's International Music Competition in Belgium and France's Long Tibo International Music Competition。

　　"China Social Sciences": What was the Chai race of that year?

Liu Shikun:My second prize was in the first Chai race in 1958。Chai Sai four years first，The highest difficulty in the world、One of the largest music competitions。Before 1958，The Soviet Union has no international music contest。1957，The first artificial satellite on the Soviet Union，Put the United States in the field of aerospace。After that，Soviet initiative holds firewood race，Proposal to change the military reserve competition and the Cold War as a peaceful and friendly cultural competition。So，This competition has major political and diplomatic significance。At that time, there were more than 30 pianists who won the championship in other international piano competitions to participate，The contest between the world champion。Finally Fan Claim Ben got the first place，I got the second place。Kleby died in 2013，The last guest he received before his death was me。What he said to me was very interesting，He said that the classical music in the United States is much declined than before，Can you suggest to the president of the United States，Let American official、U.S. President himself pays more attention to the market and development of classical music? I laughed after listening，I said you are a celebrity in the United States，Everyone treats you as a national hero，This should be said by you，How do I see the President of the United States? Later, I served as the judge of the Fan Cleben International Piano Competition，In June 2023, I also served as a Chai race judge，I think the level of its players is the highest in the world。

　　"China Social Sciences": Some views believe that piano performance academic genres are divided into Soviet schools、Deao School, etc.，Is there such a saying?

Liu Shikun:There is this statement in the past，There are Russian school、German School、French school、Polish school, etc.，But this statement is no longer popular。Because the past transportation and communication were underdeveloped，The music of a country cannot quickly spread all over the world。When Tchaikovsky is alive，His music is far from being so popular today。Liszt was alive，Paris、St. Petersburg and Moscow are the culture and art centers in the world，So he must go to St. Petersburg to perform a show。He set off from Paris at the time，After walking in a carriage for several months, I arrived at St. Petersburg，It will take several months to come back，But today from Paris to St. Petersburg takes a few hours to get to。​​At that time，Russia、France、Poland these more developed countries have their own characteristics。Of course this feature is not absolute，Not that their characteristics are absolutely different，but you have me among you、I have you in me。and now，We can watch the concert in Paris through live video。So，Today's pianist and students in Russia can easily hear the sound of German piano，There are not too many school schools，The performer has its own style，It is not necessary to comment on the performers and his affiliated state together。

　The nation is also the world

"China Social Sciences": Why do you choose "My Motherland" as the opening ceremony of the Chai race?

Liu Shikun:June 2023，When I was the judge of Chai Sai，The organizer hopes that I can play at the opening ceremony of the game。Other winners of the first Chai race of the year died，Only me is left。I want to，In a place where classical music such as Russia is prosperous abroad，I should even play a Chinese music，Because I am Chinese。Make Chinese voice in foreign countries，I think it means greater meaning，And Chinese music best represents my patriotic feelings than "My Motherland"。This song has the feelings of the sky，It is an episode of the movie "Shang Ganling"，praise the magnificent mountains and rivers of the motherland and the hero spirit of the heroes for the motherland，Show people's infinite nostalgia for hometown。After I popped up this song halfway at the opening ceremony，I did not expect that the response in China and Russia was very large，Many listeners have been moved by the "My Motherland" played by Chinese pianists in Moscow。

　"China Social Sciences": How do you achieve cross -border cooperation with piano and folk music?

Liu Shikun:1959，In order to respond to the call of the central government to advocate the nationalization of literature and art，I tentatively combined with piano and folk music，Lead the creation of "Youth Piano Concerto"，Use the piano as the main play of the western instrument，and the concerto are all Chinese instruments，Almost all Chinese folk music instruments are used，For example, Erhu、Gao Hu、Zhonghu、Banhu、Suona、Bamboo flute、Pipa、qin, etc.。Because the structure and form of the Western Symphony Orchestra are relatively mature，So I participate in the Western Symphony Orchestra，It is compiled into a national symphony orchestra that uses Chinese folk instruments。For example, use Gaohu and Erhu instead of violin，Zhonghu instead of the violin，Matthew Qin and Bass Matthel Qin instead of cello and bass，Bamboo flute instead of flute，Playing in the symphony and playing with suona、Sheng and other to complete，Portage uses the drum of China。Experiments are very successful，The performance effect is no less than the Western Symphony Orchestra。

Wang Changyuan has a guzheng song called "Typhoon War"，Describes that the dock workers fight with typhoon when the typhoon strikes、Scenes that protect national property and defeat typhoons。I expanded this song into a piano solo in 1973。Later expansion，It becomes a piano concerto，Perform by the Western Symphony Orchestra。There are a lot of piano to imitate the paragraphs of the zither in this song，Actually, piano is easier to imitate the zogoscope than any musical instrument，Guzheng is also more suitable for imitating piano than any musical instrument，You can play a lot of arpes or sounds in the piano with Guzheng。

　　Bridge created by culture

"China Social Sciences": combine the twelve average law with China's five -sound level，How did you think of this creative method?

Liu Shikun:It's not just that I do this，Many people will create a five -sound step to create the twelve average laws、Effect of the Seven Sound Step。Actually，There are also songs covering similar factors in foreign music，Like Chopin's "Black Key Practice", there are some seven -sound steps for tuning，Some of Liszt's works also have five sounds、Seven sound tuning。Many people do this，In China，The 1920s and 1930s，He Lingting used this method to make "Pan Pan Pan Pan"，And Jiang Dingxian's "Lullaby"。The older generation of Chinese composers began to use five sounds at that time、Seven Sound steps。

　　"China Social Sciences": What is the core of music creation?

Cole:Cultural diversity is the core of music creation，Great music can communicate with anyone。For example，Anyone can listen to Beethoven’s music，Regardless of age，No matter the rich and the poor。Classical music can touch each ear in its unique way。When we get out of our own culture，I will find some common qualities to connect everyone，Some part of human genes connect you, you, and he。

Music of other countries is the resources for all of us，such as，In the past 50 years，Contemporary music emphasizes exploring different rhythms。Western music system adopts average law，Countries with other cultural backgrounds also have their own wonderful and smooth sound，Attracted composers to scramble to explore，The composer Bet365 lotto review can always benefit from other cultures。We must continue to explore，Can't stay in the comfort zone。Realizing cross -cultural communication is also the responsibility of the artist，​​Therefore, we must find the commonality that all the audiences generally have。

The essence of the composition is to release the poetry in flying music。Different contemporary music and classical music，But their goals are consistent。Contemporary music is different but more contemporary ways to present sound，So，Emotional is extremely important。Many people think contemporary music is stiff、冰，Lack of emotion，This may be a reflection of the current issue of the current era，Map the world that is not tranquil nor cured。But I think contemporary music should gradually provide people with rest、heal、Far away from the possibility of turmoil and pressure，This is the composer's mission。If you can listen to a certain song and immerse it，At the end of the song，You may be slightly different from your previous，You may be slightly different from your previous，This is good for our physical and mental。As a person，We have always been emotional，Emotional expression is tens of millions，But it will always show。In contemporary music，Emotional expression may be different from the creation of Mozart's era，But it is still as strong as before，Just the world has changed，We find a new way of expression。I claim to be an experimental composer，Every time I write a song, I hope it can help me explore something that I didn't fully understand before。Composition is the way I understand the world，I may not know how it will end when I start writing a song。

　　Music plays an important role in the real world

"Journal of Chinese Social Sciences": What is the difference between classical music and contemporary music?

Cole:This question is difficult to answer，Because classical music is often regarded as closely linked to this historical period in the early 18-19 century，Beethoven、Mozart、Haydon and Schubert are created in classical music。Of course，Classical music can also be used to refer to more。But I think this is a lazy and bad term。If we pay attention to the composer and his works who are still in the world or have just passed away，For example, German composer Helmut Lachenmann and his peers、American composer Alvin Lussier (Alvin Lussier)，Through comparison, we will find that their works have nothing similar to。But，The works of the two are called contemporary classical music。"Classical Music" is just a term，Used to distinguish classical music、Jazz、Pop music, etc.。

For most people，Classical music means big star，It means the master -level musician of our time，But this is just a very small part of classical music。At the Royal Academy of Music，We have nearly 1,000 students playing、Creation or performing works with a lot of differences between each other。They should be here to learn classical music，But the performers here，Performing Bach's work today，New songs created by a composer will be performed tomorrow，So they must be able to convert bet365 live casino games from one language to another very quickly。But for some reason，Still calling these two languages ​​as classical music。Humans may not have imagination in this regard，Always find the simplest solution，Maybe it should be changed。

　　"China Social Sciences": What do you think of the status quo of classical music，What role does contemporary composition play in it?

Cole:I hope that contemporary composition can play a greater role than now。Britain has greatly reduced investment in art, especially new music，A large number of orchestra and new music professionals lost funds for support。At the same time，Everything is developing in the direction of commercialization，Many people want to make "fast money"。Some "Internet celebrities" can earn millions without doing nothing，But many composers are worriedly creative but cannot be divided into text。If anyone knows it will face difficulties and dangers，I am still willing to overcome difficulties to achieve ideals，This means that he is convinced that this is what he should do，It is also the right choice。

The current dilemma of classical music is mainly caused by the shortage of funds，This is also related to global challenges such as climate change and political changes。We are in an unstable world，but a period full of uncertainty often requires something beyond the material level，So，Music can play an extremely important role。My parents have experienced World War II，The most impressive they are going to the National Museum of Art in the UK to listen to the famous pianist playing Beethoven's music。Although it was the dark moment of the war at that time，London often encounters bombing，But people still risk their lives to enjoy classical music。The importance of live music performance is self -explanatory。The more turbulent times，The more people want to ask for the meaning of life，It is this kind of reality that pursues always leading people out of darkness，Go out of the predicament。

　　"China Social Sciences": How does the Royal Institute of Music in the United Kingdom cope with the rapid changes in the music market?

Cole:There are more than 100 composers in this department，Talent scale is huge。The huge student scale is conducive to promoting cooperation，Cooperation will become more and more important in the future music field。Compared to ten years ago，Number of orchestra、Global of the composer、The demand for works is decreasing。So，The composer has to set up an orchestra and plan the concert，Participate in preparations more。This is a positive change，Because the composer has the real control of his work, he has the real control of his work。In the past 450 years，The main goals and priorities of the music industry have not been unified with the goal of the composer，This is a difficult problem in the music industry for a long time。We often see composers facing some pressures，or the expectations they shoulder are contrary to their own development direction，This is not conducive to the healthy development of new music and contemporary music。

In any cultural background，Classical music is very bet365 Play online games important，And it is still growing and growing。But when many people mention classical music, they will associate "elegant"，I believe it is designed for a specific group、Not suitable for most people，Therefore, it is believed that classical music has never really become part of the social structure，Unlike the popular songs as popular songs。Classical music is a maverick，The audience of contemporary classical music is even smaller。It can be said，Don’t be to attract a large number of listeners。For example，I sometimes use the least elements to create minimalist works，To create works with very different styles，There are rhythmic orchestral works，There are also very quiet flute solo works。

We are doing a special career，We create for those who really want to listen to neoclassical music、Those who want to explore imagination through sound。We are lucky，Because we have such a place to allow students and performers to enjoy a wonderful experience。The Royal Academy of Music has a world -class musical instrument performers，Composer Students and Performers closely cooperate，Each of the works they write must be rehearsed、Discussion、Recording and performance，A large number of works are constantly coming out，There are many students' organizations every week。

When I just became the director of the department，Write a letter saying for each student at the Royal Conservatory of Music，If you want to play contemporary music and cooperate with the composer，Please contact me。I listed a list，More than 120 students have said they are urgent to cooperate with the composer。This means that creators can often cooperate with high -level performers，It is an excellent training for any creator，More effective than reading and class。The best way to learn composition is to cooperate with the performers，8036_8050，The composer can more intuitively judge the gap between the work and expectations。