Current，The world is facing the challenge of climate change，Global Warm、Species extinction、Extreme weather, which brings serious destructive consequences。To cope with the crisis，People need a new kind of、The concept that can provide guidelines，To protect the ecology、Promote green development、Promoting changes in environmental governance。Chinese traditional culture respects the unity of heaven and people，Contains the concept of harmonious symbiosis of man and nature。Now，More people who value Chinese excellent traditional culture in leading ecological transformation are more and more significant。Our reporter invites two scholars who have been engaged in traditional Chinese philosophy for a long time -the School of Environmental College of Yale University、Senior lecturer Mary Evelyn Tucker (Mary Evelyn Tucker) and researcher at the Institute of Philosophy of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences，Please interpret the ecological ethics concepts in Confucian and Taoist thoughts in detail，Discover the various connections between this idea and modern ecological civilization and its modern significance for the construction of ecological civilization，Then explore the ecological ecological ethics concepts in traditional Chinese philosophy, what ethical support and philosophy revelation of the construction of modern ecological civilization。

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"China Social Sciences": Professor Took，You are known as the leaders of the ecological dimension of Confucianism in the world，Can you share the story of your relationship with Chinese culture?

Tucker: I grew up in New York, USA，My grandfather was a professor at the Department of History of Columbia University，Affected by him，I came into contact with Oriental Culture when I was very young。Later during studying at Columbia University，I listened to the Chinese philosophy course taught by Mr. Chen Rongjie，At that time, I was fortunate to communicate with Mr. Feng Youlan at the time。From then on，I started fascination with Chinese philosophy。I especially appreciate Chinese traditional culture，The research theme of doctoral dissertation is the idea of ​​Chinese philosopher Wang Fu。The early 1970s，I teach in Japan，Get in deep contact with Buddhism and Confucianism，This pioneering my academic field of vision。Since 1985，I visit China many times、Communication，In recent years, I have visited China almost every year，At Peking University、Tsinghua University、Academic exchanges with many universities such as the University of China and other universities and scholars，Discuss Chinese traditional culture and ecological civilization with Chinese scholars and government officials，I have made a deep fate with China。

　　Cosmic View in traditional Chinese philosophy

"China Social Sciences": Professor Took，You once said, "The concept of the universe of heaven and man in the Confucian thought，Incorporate people and nature into a unified organic whole，Established the basic principles of harmonious symbiosis of man and nature。This is one of the great contributions of Confucianism to the world's ecological philosophy "。Can you please talk about the cosmic view contained in Confucianism?

Tucker: The creativity and unity of the universe is the theme that appears Bet365 app download frequently in Confucian classics，And humans play a special role in this vibrant universe。Confucian emphasizing how people live together and create a fair society based on benevolence，tend to "Tianxingjian，A gentleman takes the initiative to take the initiative。

Confucianism rarely pays attention to theoretical issues related to origin，Do not focus on exploring the concept of personality god，But pay attention to constantly self -generation、How does the universe and how people integrate into the universe。Confucian，Especially the representative of Song and Ming Confucianism，Emphasize that people should coordinate with the changing rhythm of nature themselves。Confucian overall cosmic view is based on "qi"，From the perspective of Confucianism，It is the basis for the change of the universe as the "qi" as the essence of life，Make the universe with the vitality of "life"。Confucian dynamics、Organic、The overall view of the universe expands our scope of understanding of ethics and moral concerns，and provide rich resources for re -thinking about the relationship between human and nature，Also allows us to appreciate the interconnection between all the forms of life，I constantly feel the sacredness of this intricate life network。From the perspective of Confucianism，We can't simply think that nature is inert、Static substances，opposite，All life forms including people have the initiative of "qi"、Generating and permeability。This shared psychology — physical entities have become a medium that establishes a reciprocal relationship between the human world and the non -human world。

The cosmic view of traditional Chinese culture makes us see a non -personalized universe。The changes in the birth and death of natural things are spontaneous，instead of human。Therefore，Chinese traditional culture's understanding of the nature of the universe is not naive imagination，Instead of thinking and recognition of the universe running paradigm and real state。

"China Social Sciences": Teacher Chen Xia，You mainly engage in Taoist thought research，What kind of cosmic view do you think of Taoist thoughts?

Chen Xia: Taoism and later Taoism have a physical cosmic view。Taoism pays special attention to the body，The body has a very important position in Taoist thought。Taoist body is a broad concept，Contains an individual、Society、Natural triple meaning。From the perspective of Taoism，Personal、Society and nature have a homogeneous relationship in the body，There is a consistent philosophical foundation and principles of cultivation。Extend from personal body to the social body of others，Finally expand to the body of the natural universe。

For individuals，The body is the origin and endpoint of life。Where the Taoist founder Lao Tzu，The body has priority。Lao Tzu is comparing the reputation、Put your body first when wealth and body and your body，I proposed "Fame and body?"，3809_3827。He said "Cultivation of it，Its virtue is true "" expensive as the world，If you can send the world; love as the world，If you can support the world "。In the eyes of Lao Tzu，Everything starting from the body is the most realistic and valuable。"Zhuangzi · Jie Wang" chapter "Both arms are more important than the world"。This is because of the arm of the Taoist house、The body is native、First sex、Natural。

The precedent of the body is not only manifested in the emphasis on life，It is also reflected in the various extensions and extensions of the Taoist's body。Taoist believes that everything can start with your own body。

Bet365 lotto review In the social field，Taoism exchanged the body to the country and others，Talking about the principle of "homogeneity in the country" and "the same country of the country"。In the natural field，Taoist talks about "Grand -Earth Personal Body，Personal Small World "，Think that nature is also our body，Nature and body can transform each other。This relationship is expressed in the family "big universe" and "small universe"，And I want to use expressions such as "outer universe" and "inner universe"。The outer universe and the inner universe are physical，The relationship between man and nature is reflected in the relationship between body and body，Through some kind of cultivation，These two bodies will be integrated，Realizing the unity of heaven and man。Cheng Cheng Quanwen、Love Nature，I love our body。This is a unique ecological philosophy of Taoism，Not only helps to improve personal value and quality of life，and can enhance people's sense of responsibility for society，Makes people more loved nature。

"Chinese Social Sciences": I know from the two introductions，Confucian and Taoist cosmic views have similarities。

Tucker: Although Confucianism and Taoism have different claims，But they have a common view of the universe，This cosmic view is described as organic、Vibrant and overall。Confucian Taoism regards the universe as a dynamic、Continuous process。This organic、The vitality cosmic view has a special reference value for the development of contemporary ecological ethics。For Confucianism and Taoism，Harmony with nature is very important。Confucianism like Taoist houses，Think that human society is a change、part of the universe of dynamic and development。The universe is regarded as a unified、Contact each other、The huge organic overall penetrated，instead of separate mechanical parts。

　　Active contribution to the construction of ecological ethics

"China Social Sciences": from your two positions，What is the inspiration of the ecological ecological construction of Confucianism and Taoism?

Chen Xia: The 20th National Congress of the Party pointed out，To "vigorously promote the construction of ecological civilization", "Persist in green water and green mountains is the concept of Jinshan Yinshan，Adhere to the integrated protection and system governance of landscapes, forests, lakes and sand，Comprehensive、Global、Strengthen ecological environmental protection for the whole process，The ecological civilization system is more sound，Politeation prevention and control towards the depth of advance，Green、cycle、Low -carbon development takes a solid step，Ecological environmental protection is historic、turning、global changes，Our motherland is more blue、Mountain is greener、Water is cleaned "。We are now an important participant in the construction of global ecological civilization、Contributors and leaders。Building ecological civilization，Need to build ecological ethics，Cultivate ecological culture，Promote the diligence festival、Green Low Carbon、Civilized and healthy production method、lifestyle and consumption mode。Chinese excellent traditional culture, including Taoism, builds in ecological civilization、Ecological ethics construction can make positive contributions。

The impact of the overall cosmic view of Taoism on environmental ethics is self -evident: it cherishes、Awe nature itself，Not just for the purpose of utilitarianity; it advocates that people should appreciate and integrate into the dynamic natural process，bet365 best casino games Harmony with nature，instead of controlling nature。Solve environmental problems，We still need a reasonable environmental policy，Need to vigorously develop and promote ecological science、Environmental engineering technology to achieve carbon peaks、Carbon neutralization target，But we should also realize，Only rely on science and technology to solve people's problems。Environmental damage at this degree of current level，It can be said that the original creator is human，The question is on the person，In order to achieve the final solution of environmental problems, the problem that needs to be resolved。If people do not change the production method、Lifetime、Value concept，There will be a situation that will be destroyed while governance。Even if we can find another planet suitable for humans，If you do not change yourself，It will only turn that planet into contaminated、Another Earth of Thousands of Achieves。

To solve environmental and development problems fundamentally，Must change people's lifestyle。In the revelation of the principle of "seeing vegetarianism", "less selfish desire", and "returning to the truth" principle of Taoism，Avoid excessive consumption，From the consumption of natural resources to the aesthetics and love for nature。In today's society that has produced a large amount of material wealth，Promoting Taoism's "less selfish desire" is very different from the ancient clothing shrinking in ancient times。The simplicity and frugality of ancient times was forced to choose in the case of relatively scarce material resources，and today's simplicity、minimalist life，Put in the entire natural system environment，Starting from the development of the entire human beings，Conscious constraints in the background of material wealth。This means that the realm of human beings has risen to a new stage，It is an important manifestation of lofty human nature。Place "less private desire" in the large system of the biosphere，Promote frugal and recycling resources，Can better reflect the dignity and noble realm of human nature。Taoism returns to the true life to guide us to recover the already dull beauty，Construct a warm home、peaceful community，Enjoy work，Respect skills、Handmade and Art，Create a person worth spending a lifetime in it、People and people、Society coexisting in harmony between people。

Tucker: Confucian ecological ethics model is different from Taoist houses，If the Taoist ecological ecology model is a natural ecology that is connected with contemporary deep ecology，Confucian ecological ecosystem can be regarded as a social ecology。Taoism is naturally centered，Confucianism is more inclined to be people -oriented。But，None of them are self -centered human centralism or radical personalism。For Taoism，Naturally is the source of nourishing individuals; for Confucianism，Naturally, it is an indispensable foundation for public life。Confucian ethics is described as a social ecology，One of the key elements is the relationship between human order in the context of natural order，That is, individuals are never isolated，Always with others、The universe is closely related。The profound connection between people and people and nature is the core of Confucianism。Confucian ethics system can be described as a series of people -centered concentric circles，The innermost circle is family，Then a person’s teacher、Friend、Society in which you are located，bet365 live casino games The outermost circle is the universe itself。In this system，Relationship extends from the personal individual in the family to the universe，Sky、Di、People constitute an interactive overall。

Northern Song thinker、Educator、One of the founders of science is published in "Ximing"，"The plug of the heavens and the earth，Our body; the handsomeness of the heavens and the earth，ig the nature "" Father，Kun is called the mother "," Minwo compatriots，Wu and also "。I think，The filial piety called Zhang Zai is not only kind of benevolent love，And to push yourself and others、From my own pass，Extend the concept of "parents" to heaven and earth、Qiankun。Being able to expand this，The foundation is organic、The overall view of the universe。Confucianism through social ethics、Self -conversion and etiquette practice，Micro -individuals connect with the grand universe。Others in the relationship between individuals and their relationship and the universe itself，Existing mutual obligations and responsibilities。Many modes of social communication and communication with nature are contained in etiquette，and etiquette are expressions and people、A form of a mutually beneficial relationship between people and nature。Therefore，Whether it is personal or the whole society，People should pay attention to a wider range of objects，To realize the harmony between people and nature。Confucian social ecological thoughts under the cosmic view of the universe should be carried forward。

　　The construction of ecological civilization in China has set an example

"China Social Sciences": 2018，Implement the new development concept、Ecological civilization and construction of beautiful China are written into the constitution，This means that what China is going to go is people and people、People and society、Harmony Sominating Sominator and Sustainable Development of Man。How do you evaluate the efforts made by China for the current construction of ecological civilization? What are the specific applications and reflections of Chinese traditional philosophy?

Tucker: At present, countries around the world attach great importance to protecting the environment and solving ecological problems，And the Chinese government mentioned ecological environmental protection to the height of the construction of ecological civilization，This is what other countries have not yet done。I think，China ’s commitment to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060 is very important，Established a role model for other countries。

In the development of the past ten years，China will not only want to build a technology -advanced society，and is also committed to building an ecological civilization。Chinese traditional culture can enhance sympathy、Justice and tolerance，It can inject ethical and spiritual potential for environmental governance。So，Now seeking new、More suitable cosmic view and ecological ethics view，Studying Chinese culture and its attitude towards nature becomes more and more important。

People recognize，In addition to using new scientific, technological and economic measures to solve environmental problems，Change of attitudes to nature is also the top priority to achieve sustainable development and promote the construction of ecological civilization。Building ecological civilization needs to be contaminated from pollution、The industrial society of air and water turns to ecological civilization society that takes into account humans and the welfare and health of the earth，From the thinking mode of human centralism to the thinking mode of the unity of heaven and man。What currently lacks bet365 Play online games is the philosophical thought that changes people's attitude towards nature，China's traditional culture can provide us with a unique view of the universe and ethical resources，Help us redefine the relationship between people and nature。

Chen Xia: Protect the ecology，Usually associated with cultural habits and traditional cultural habits and traditions。Taoism has a history of more than 2,000 years in China。In this long development process，"Tao" openness has always been the source of new ideas and ways to change rights。Through creative interpretation，It will play the same role today，Can provide ideological resources for the construction of ecological civilization。The Fifth Plenary Session of the Eighteenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China requires "persistence to protect priority、Natural recovery as the main，Implementation of the ecological protection and restoration project of landscapes and forests, forests and forests "。The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasizes "Persistence and Harmony and Nature", "The modernization we want to build is the modernization of human and natural harmony"。September 2015，Central Committee of the Communist Party of China、The State Council issued the "General Plan for the Reform of the Ecological Civilization System"。According to the Party Central Committee、Decision and deployment of the State Council，Relevant ministries and commissions have compiled the "Planning Plan for Rivers and Lakes in Cultivation Land (2016-2030)"，The system proposes the goal of promoting the recuperation of cultivated grassland rivers and lakes、Measures and institutional arrangements。"Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the major achievements and historical experience of the party's century -old struggle and historical experience" also emphasized "persistence and nature and harmony"。Taoist advocates "resting health", "natural recovery", "harmonious symbiosis"，This is consistent with the mention of the relevant documents。

　　Ecological issues research in the direction of interdisciplinary development

"China Social Sciences": Teacher Chen，Your original main research direction is religious culture，Now turning its attention to its influence on ecological civilization，and ecology belongs to natural science，How do you think of the development prospects of interdisciplinary research on human ecology?

Chen Xia: Since entering the industrial civilization，Human large -scale development and use of natural resources，Make material wealth produced in recent century reached the sum of material wealth produced in the past thousands of years。But the damage of human environment has reached unprecedented level。Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere gradually increases，Ozone layer is damaged，Climate change intensified，The level of biological diversity continues to decrease，Glacier Back，Sea level rising，Land desertification intensifies。These have caused huge threats to human survival and development，Treating a serious ecological crisis。Modern ecology recognizing human activities is also a variable that affects the environment，Introduced environment and development issues into human society。

Knowing the important role of people in the environment，Ecological research objects gradually gradually from early creatures and creatures、The relationship between the biological and the environment，Turn to people and non -biological environments、The relationship between the biological environment and the social environment。This has greatly Bet365 app download expanded the scope of research on ecology，Deep Ecology、Social Ecology、Female doctrine ecology、Political Ecology、Literary Ecology、Religious ecology and other studies of ecological branches that have the relationship between people and environmental relationships are born，Comprehensive disciplines of this large span of human ecology。Human ecology places society and culture in a large system of nature，Place nature in the perspective of human culture，The ecological association between people and nature is regarded as the deep connotation and motivation of social and cultural issues，Seeking the wisdom of human beings out of ecological difficulties from the natural ecology。Current，Human ecology has become natural science、Social Science、The intersection of humanities。Cross of Natural Science and Humanities and Social Sciences in the field of ecology helps to break the discipline barrier，Communicate Natural Science and Social Science，Carry out cross -study of social science and humanities and humanities。

Ecology from natural sciences to humanities and social sciences，allowing people to be in natural science、A comprehensive review of the relationship between human and environmental relationships in a wide range of social sciences and humanities，Introducing the environment and development issues into human society。This cross makes people realize，Ecological crisis is also a social crisis and human crisis，Environmental pollution is human spiritual pollution、External performance of mental pollution and cultural pollution。The occurrence of the occurrence of the ecological crisis and the lifestyle of people、behavioral method、Pursuit of spiritual pursuit。It can be said，Ecological crisis is essentially the survival crisis of human beings，Is a crisis made by human beings，Getting rid of the ecological crisis must rely on people's efforts。

(Wan Jian, a doctoral student at the University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, contributes to the translation of this article)