Bet365 app download The latest research findings from the Institute of Environmental Science and Technology of the Autonomous University of Barcelona, ​​Spain，The reason why rich countries in the “Global North” can enjoy high consumption levels，Because they plunder and exploit the labor force of the "Global South" on a large scale。This plunder is achieved through "unequal exchange" in international trade and global commodity chains。

Professor of ecological economics at the school、Jason Hickel, a senior visiting scholar at the Institute of International Inequality at the London School of Economics and Political Science, UK, Bet365 app download and others analyzed labor mobility in global commodity trade from 1995 to 2021。Research shows，in 2021，Global North countries imported a whopping 906 billion hours of labor from countries in the Global South，But only exported 80 billion hours of labor in return。

Hickel et al.，Between 1995 and 2021, the countries of the "Global North" "net occupied" (that is, without equal compensation through trade) 826 billion hours of labor from the countries of the "Global South"。This number not only covers all skill levels，Also covers mining、Agriculture、Multiple industries including manufacturing and services。It’s worth noting，The total labor force of 826 billion hours is even more than the labor force of the United States and the entire Europe between 1995 and 2021。If this plundered labor could be paid at 2021 wage levels in “Global North” countries，Their value will reach 1.69 trillion euros。

bet365 best casino games Hickel and others believe，The root cause of unequal exchange of labor lies in the price differences deeply rooted in the global economic system。The economic powers and large corporations of the “Global North” drive down wages and raw material costs in the countries of the “Global South”，To obtain cheaper raw materials and goods。This approach not only exacerbates the economic gap between countries in the “global north” and countries in the “global south”，It also forces producers in countries in the “Global South” to expand their exports of goods and services，Thus maintaining the scale of imports。It can be seen from this，The labor force originally used to promote the development of the countries of the "Global South" is being used to support the capital accumulation of the countries of the "Global North"，This is also a key factor leading to poverty in countries in the “Global South”。

Bet365 lotto review Globally，Jobs with equivalent skills，The wages earned by workers in the “Global South” are generally lower than those in the “Global North”，The gap is as high as 87%-95%。Even within the same industry，This gap has also reached 83%-98%。This kind of wage inequality is extremely serious，So much so that highly skilled labor in the “Global South” is compensated，Only 1/3 of the wages of low-skilled labor in the "Global North"。

Research also found，The high consumption level of the "Global North" countries is based on the "net occupation" of the "Global South" labor force。The “net occupation” of labor accounts for nearly 50% of total consumption in the countries of the “Global North”。If this unequal labor exchange mechanism is eliminated，Consumption levels in “global north” countries could be cut in half。

The general view is that，Countries of the "Global South" mainly provide Bet365 lotto review low-skilled labor in agriculture and mining to countries of the "Global North"，In exchange for the latter’s highly skilled labor force in the manufacturing and service industries。In fact，Countries of the “Global South” provide the vast majority of the workforce at all skill levels and in all industries，The contribution rate of its workers to the development of the world economy is as high as 90%。But the benefits brought by these labors，However, it has been disproportionately accumulated in the countries of the "Global North"。To meet this challenge，Researchers suggest that countries in the “Global South” should implement industrial upgrading policies，Reducing dependence on imports from countries in the “Global North”，And by reallocating productivity to meet the needs of the country’s citizens and the country’s development goals in key areas。

(Liu Yuwei/Compiled)