As a leading figure in comparative philosophy between China and the West，Roger T. Ames) has long been committed to the translation of Chinese philosophical classics、Research and Dissemination，Very fruitful，Has an important influence in the circles of Chinese and Western philosophy and culture。This will help elevate Chinese and Western comparative philosophy to an unprecedented theoretical height，Let the mainstream Western philosophical circles gradually get closer to bet365 sign up bonus code and perceive its profound implications，Enable Chinese philosophical classics to have a global impact。Because of exchanges and mutual learning between Chinese and Western civilizations、Outstanding contribution to the spread of Chinese civilization，Anlezhe won many awards including the “Chinese Government Friendship Award” and “Confucius Culture Award”。During the First World Congress of Classics，Our reporter interviewed the Chair Professor of Humanities at Peking University、Anlezhe, Emeritus Professor of Philosophy, University of Hawaii。Interviewing，Anlezhe talks with reporters about bet365 sign up bonus code、Comparison of Chinese and Western Philosophy、Chinese classics translation、Unique insights on Confucianism and other topics。Anlezhe thinks，Long time，There are many misunderstandings about bet365 sign up bonus code in the Western world。What is gratifying is that，This academic phenomenon has attracted the attention of many Western philosophers，And is being corrected in a benign way。Today，The philosophical aspect of Chinese classical civilization has received widespread attention，The rich cultural factors and rich ideological value it contains have aroused the interest of more and more Western scholars。

　　bet365 sign up bonus code “deviation phenomenon”Distortion of bet365 sign up bonus code classical tradition

"China Social Sciences Journal": You once said，Long time，China’s classical tradition, including its philosophical tradition, was once placed in a historical context that did not belong to its own discourse。You have expressed concerns about this，And believes that bet365 sign up bonus code should be presented in its own academic discourse system。Please talk about this。

Anlezhe: I have indeed expressed this view。End of 13th century，The manuscript of "The Travels of Marco Polo" is completed。Under the influence of this work，Jesuit missionaries and Catholics came to China from Europe one after another。Chinese classical thought represented by Confucianism has gradually been translated into Latin and other Western languages，Has a profound impact on European cultural circles。However，At the beginning when bet365 sign up bonus code was brought into the European philosophical world and spread to the entire Western academic world，Term expression used，That is, the corresponding Chinese philosophical vocabulary in the Western language system，Failed to fully reflect the meaning and implications of bet365 sign up bonus code。

Matteo Ricci、The initial motivation for missionaries and believers such as James Legge to come to China and introduce and spread bet365 sign up bonus code culture and bet365 sign up bonus code classics to Western academic circles，An attempt to bridge the cultural gap between the two classical worlds，Bridging the distance between the two major intellectual traditions。However，The language they used in the process of translating bet365 sign up bonus code classics，In fact, it is a rewriting of "emphasis on the importance of Western culture"，Rather than presenting China’s own cultural characteristics。

Sadly，Some "deviations" in the translation process of Chinese classics hundreds of years ago still exist today，Sometimes it has been strengthened in different ways during the dissemination of classics in recent years。When we read the Latin and English versions of ancient Chinese classics，Will discover the framework of Western languages、Concepts and terms “redefined” some classical texts。The use of this language is seen as some kind of theorizing or conceptualizing of classical Chinese philosophy and classical civilization，But it still does not accurately and appropriately map bet365 sign up bonus code itself。To some extent, this makes the semantic framework of Western understanding of Chinese classics rooted in an academic system dominated by Western discourse，Thus causing a distortion of Chinese classical tradition。

Since the second half of the 19th century，In the process of introducing Western scientific knowledge，Western modernity issues are further implanted in Japan、South Korea and other East Asian countries，That is, the so-called "scientific rationality" of Western modernization is spread through language，Become a solidified thinking pattern，Being "airlifted" and sneaked into the Asian academic system。Today I want to express my concerns about this issue，I hope to take more opportunities to further analyze this in the future。I think，bet365 sign up bonus code from a historical perspective should have its own say。I have said this on many international occasions，bet365 sign up bonus code needs to speak in its own way，Speak in your own way。I also try to reinterpret and interpret bet365 sign up bonus code, including ethics, as interpreted by the West，I hope that bet365 sign up bonus code can be presented in its own academic discourse system。I heard that China is currently building its own independent classical philosophical knowledge system，I think this is a major academic matter。

To do this，Inseparable from a deep understanding of early bet365 sign up bonus code characters such as oracle bone inscriptions。With Oracle，We can look back on the past。In the vast history，As a way of dialogue between ancient bet365 sign up bonus code and ancestors，Oracle bone inscriptions are the root of China’s excellent traditional culture，Is the main carrier of inheriting early bet365 sign up bonus code civilization。Knowledge of classical bet365 sign up bonus code philosophy also appears in oracle bone inscriptions，For example，The oracle bone collection of the bet365 sign up bonus code Characters Museum in Anyang, Henan involves a lot of knowledge of classical bet365 sign up bonus code philosophy。20th century，Yinqueshan, Linyi, Shandong、Mawangdui, Changsha, Hunan、Many important archaeological discoveries have been made in Guodian Village, Jingmen, Hubei and other places，These archaeological discoveries can help us re-understand historical sites。Guodian Chu Slips mentioned "Yi"，And juxtapose "Yi" with other Confucian Five Classics。Bamboo slips of "Sun Tzu's Art of War" and "Sun Bin's Art of War" unearthed from Yinqueshan Han Tomb。While teaching at the University of Hawaii in the United States，I discuss important archaeological discoveries in China with my master’s and doctoral students。In their own papers，Also mentioned many times the classical philosophical knowledge involved in bet365 sign up bonus code archaeological discoveries。

　　bet365 sign up bonus code the perspective of "interpreting the realm"Restore the true face of bet365 sign up bonus code

"bet365 sign up bonus code Journal": What do you think，The translation of classics needs to use the perspective of “interpretive context”。Can you further explain your point of view？

Anlezhe: "Interpreting context" requires placing the text in its original time and context。To understand these texts，Just try your best to connect your imagination with the text itself，Place text in its context。Take the translation of "Tao Te Ching" as an example，Actually，Western bet365 sign up bonus code scholars James Legge and Arthur Waley did not place bet365 sign up bonus code classical philosophical texts in the cultural soil they should have。The result of this is，The Tao Te Ching is associated with the Western cultural tradition after Plato in the Western language system。Give a specific example，Arthur Waley translated the Tao Te Ching as The Way and Its Power，And connect it to “God’s pattern” in the text。“Word” is understood as the “Word” of God，Power understood as the creative power of God。When many Western scholars refer to power，They associate the possibility of all creative sources with God。God is seen as the only source of truth and beauty。

Until the 20th century，Western classical philosophy has a strong theological and religious character。God、rational、Absolute Spirit、Christian spirit, etc.，Becoming a keyword in the Western classical philosophy system。According to bet365 sign up bonus code，Human beings are not the product of God，But just a part of the universe，And participate in the endless running process of the universe。As stated in the Book of Changes，Human beings have reached a fruitful collaborative and symbiotic relationship with the external space of existence。In classical Chinese philosophy，Heaven and earth are inseparable，The sky and the earth interact with each other。20th century French sociologist Marcel Granet once said，Chinese wisdom does not require the concept of God。For Chinese cosmology，All things are interdependent、Mutual conversion，There is no absolute point of origin。

However，Due to the failure to restore and examine the true face of bet365 sign up bonus code from the perspective of "interpretation of realm"，bet365 sign up bonus code has been marked with theological and religious characteristics similar to Western classical philosophy。If you go to some Western libraries to look for books on classical Chinese philosophy，We’ll see，These books are not placed in the philosophy area，Not with Hegel、Books by Kant and other Western philosophers are placed together，But in the area of ​​Eastern religions。

This cultural difference also leads to translation deviation。In the translations of bet365 sign up bonus code classics circulating in Western academic circles，Generally, "天" is translated as "heaven"、“义” is translated as “righteousness”、“rite” is translated as “rites”、“Benevolence” is translated as “benevolence”。The translation of these classical bet365 sign up bonus code philosophical terms is not entirely accurate，Not very expressive，Different from the true meaning of these terms discussed in traditional bet365 sign up bonus code culture。International Confucian researcher、Kwong-loi Shun, a professor at the University of California, Berkeley, recently wrote in a paper，Also mentioned many asymmetries between bet365 sign up bonus code philosophy and Western philosophy，This asymmetry is often caused by translation bias。

Of course，Any time，Shuttle between two languages，It’s hard to be comfortable、Absolutely accurate。Alfred North Whitehead once said when talking about "the fallacy of the perfect dictionary"，There is no absolute one-to-one equivalence between the two languages。Ludwig Wittgenstein once said，“The limitations of my language are the limitations of my world”。We will find out，Many Western intellectuals translated bet365 sign up bonus code classics while standing on the shoulders of giants。For example, James Legge in the translation process，Using the methodology of British ethicist Joseph Butler to a certain extent。He thinks，The discussion of human nature by the ancient bet365 sign up bonus code thinker Mencius，Similar to Butler's claim to a large extent。

　　bet365 sign up bonus code “role ethics”Focus on people’s multiple bet365 sign up bonus code

"China Social Sciences Journal": Your book "Confucian Role Ethics" is a masterpiece of comparative philosophy between China and the West，After the publication of the work, it was very popular among international bet365 sign up bonus code scholars。Can you introduce your original intention of writing this book，And talk about your understanding and understanding of Confucianism from a comparative perspective between China and the West？

Anlezhe: A few years ago，I wrote the book "Confucian Role Ethics"，The original intention of writing bet365 sign up bonus code book was to elaborate on the key word "relationship" in Confucian "role ethics"。I always thought，People live in the world，Not just a life in the physical sense。All human behaviors，Whether it is physiological、Psychological or social，There is no doubt that it is inseparable from various "relationships"。Confucian "role ethics" pays special attention to people's multiple special roles；Multiple special roles have become a customary relationship pattern，Present as individuals and families、Society、Multidirectional interactions between countries。

In Confucianism，These special characters are highly “indicative”，Symbolizes multiple normative meanings。Home、The prosperity of the country also depends to a large extent on the best state that these special roles can achieve。In bet365 sign up bonus code traditional cultural values，Everyone is a product of society，We are deeply influenced by the others we interact with。This is also a view widely shared by most philosophers in China and the West。However，In ancient Western civilization and modern discourse，There is a view，Personal "self-will" is the decisive factor in all affairs。“Self-will” refers to the ability of a person to adopt purposeful behaviors and the ability to act on his own，Determining the meaning of human beings、Dignity、Personality and Value。This view marginalizes human sociality，And think，On the ontological level，Society itself cannot have any meaningful value，Because the specific environment we are in is accidental in a strict sense，And we are helpless。

However，The prevalence of this "free will" view in the West，It can be said to have had a bad influence on modern moral and political bet365 sign up bonus code，There are more and more extreme liberal capitalists in the United States and Europe。These capitalists want to achieve personal freedom，To any concept of justice that hinders individual freedom，They are all rejected in the name of "immorality"。This tendency provides a cover for some kind of laissez-faire global liberal capitalist market，It is rapidly giving rise to wealth inequality within modern Western nation-states and between countries、Environmental degradation and other issues。It should be said，The concept of “free will” is harmful，Essentially, it is a monopoly and control of the consciousness of Western intellectuals。Today，Conservatives in Western society、Liberal、Communitarians, etc.，All are deeply influenced by this concept。

In contrast to "free will"，Confucianism is not an external set、The principle of taking personal interests as the ultimate meaning，Instead, it advocates a method that relies on individuals and families、Society、Values ​​of multiple relationships such as national interaction，bet365 sign up bonus code is the core of the relationship that achieves "benevolence"。Confucianism contains a value system that respects nature and has high aspirations，bet365 sign up bonus code value system and ordinary human experience、Daily life is inextricably linked。Some concepts related to "sharing" and "harmony" in Confucianism，The best explanation of roles and relationships。The principles rooted in bet365 sign up bonus code "relationship"，Requires individuals to continuously cultivate a sense of morality，Enable people to pursue a realm of life that is both self-interested and altruistic，So as to handle the multiple identities, roles and various relationships you play，To help the world while realizing life ideals and self-worth、The highest goal of Jiguo，That is, "cultivate oneself, harmonize one's family, govern the country, and bring peace to the world"。

"The Analects" has something to say，“People can spread the Tao，Not a Dao Hong person”。The "Tao" here refers to "morality"。Confucius always believed that，Morality can be passed down。“People can spread the Tao” means that people can improve their own cultivation，Spread morality，Carry forward the "Tao"、Pass it on。At the same time，Through bet365 sign up bonus code behavior of promoting "Tao"，People themselves can also achieve a state of harmony with the world，Make your mind complete and peaceful，Of course, you can also achieve success in life。However，“A non-Daohong person”，Morality cannot directly improve a person’s quality。If a person wants to express himself through "Tao"、Famous for thousands of miles，That is using "Tao" to decorate yourself，Not really "cultivating the Tao"。Then，The ultimate goal of “promoting Dao” will also be difficult to achieve。