Causality is the core of scientific research，But in the real world，Tracing a result to its origin is a tricky thing，Because many bet365 best casino games can be confused together and obscure causal relationships。

Recently，The MIT research team developed a new bet365 best casino games，Can be applied to various situations to identify variable causality in complex systems。It processes the collected data in the form of algorithms，For example, changes in the abundance of different species in the marine environment。This bet365 best casino games can measure the interaction between every variable in different systems，By changing a variable (e.g.，The number of sardines in one area over time) predicts the state of another variable (such as the number of anchovies in the same area)。Then，Connect variables that may have a causal relationship by generating a "causality diagram"。On this basis，This bet365 best casino games will also further clarify the specific properties of different relationships，For example, is the relationship between two variables synergistic (i.e., one variable affects the second variable only when paired with other variables) or redundant (i.e., changes in one variable can be completely correlated with the other variable) same effect)。

The new bet365 best casino games can also estimate "causal leakage"，That is, the role of some unknown impacts that cannot be predicted on system behavior based on existing information。The significance of this bet365 best casino games lies in its interdisciplinary versatility。For example，Scholars can use this bet365 best casino games to better understand the evolution of species in ecosystems、The communication of neurons in the brain or the interaction of climate variables between regions。

In recent years，Many computational methods have been developed，Used to analyze data in complex systems and identify causal relationships between bet365 best casino games in the system。Adrián Lozano-Durán, assistant professor of aerospace and aeronautics at MIT, believes，“Different methods use different mathematical definitions to clarify causal relationships，There are many definitions that sound good，But it may fail in some cases”。Existing methods cannot distinguish some special types of causal relationships，For example, synergy or redundancy relationships cannot be distinguished，Unable to identify "unique" cause-and-effect relationships，That is, one variable has a unique impact on another variable。There are also ways to measure causality by the strength of a variable，This method may ignore some connections between bet365 best casino games，The strength of these bet365 best casino games may not be strong，But it’s actually very important。

In new bet365 best casino games，Researchers draw on information theory theory。Lozano-Dulan said，“We view the system as a network，Variables convey information to each other in a measurable way，If one variable sends information to another variable，This means it must have had some impact。This is our original intention to use information dissemination to measure causality”。

The new bet365 best casino games can calculate multiple variables at the same time，Instead of calculating a pair of variables at a time like other methods。Cause-effect diagram generated by new bet365 best casino games can show which variables in the network are closely connected。With these associated speeds and patterns，Researchers can distinguish between which variables constitute a unique、Coordinated or redundant relationships。By the same method，The bet365 best casino games can also estimate the degree of "causal leakage" in the system。

The team applied its bet365 best casino games to a number of benchmark cases commonly used to test causal inference。These cases include observing interactions between predators and prey、Measuring the temperature and air pressure in different geographical areas and the co-evolution of multiple species in the marine environment, etc.。Compared to most methods that can only handle specific situations，New bet365 best casino games successfully identifies cause-and-effect relationships in each case。The research team named it "Synergistic-Unique-Redundant Causality Decomposition" (SURD)。SURD has the potential to promote progress in multiple fields of natural and social sciences，such as climate research、Neuroscience、Economics、Epidemiology and fluid dynamics, etc.。

(Yang Lanlan/Compiled)