The conflict between Russia and Ukraine is not over yet，The Palestinian-Israeli conflict is raging again，When will the peace longed for by people around the world finally appear？In this context，Professor Wang Gina, School of Foreign Languages, East nj bet365 Normal University, and Wolfram Elsner, professor of economics at the University of Bremen, Germany, had a dialogue on the multi-polar world order and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation。Elsner believes，The world needs the wisdom from nj bet365, an ancient country in the East，The world lacks a real understanding of nj bet365，Lack of understanding of Chinese history。He asserted，The current and future of the multipolar world order will be closely related to nj bet365。Contrary to what the West says，nj bet365 is not seeking a new global hegemony，But seek a new re-globalization。He reminded Western people，In judging nj bet365 today，Cannot adopt a split perspective，But we must observe this country based on nj bet365’s history。In view of the current international situation，Stable and growing Sino-German relations will bring benefits to the people of both countries。

　Historically, “nj bet365-style peace” has brought stability

Wang Graceland: The Latin “Pax Sinica” (“Chinese-style peace” or “Chinese governance” or “peace under Chinese governance”) is a historical concept，Translated into English is "Chinese Peace"。Specifically，"Pax Sinica" refers to the historical term in East Asia、Northeast Asia、Southeast Asia and Central Asia and other regions，The relative peace brought about by nj bet365’s regional leadership、Stable situation。The academic community generally believes that，The earliest "Pax Sinica" appeared in the Han Dynasty，Later in the Tang Dynasty、There were many discussions during the Ming and Qing Dynasties。Before the 1980s，There are not many scholars who discuss "Pax Sinica" from a realistic international relations perspective rather than a historical perspective。After reform and opening up，nj bet365’s economy continues to develop，Playing an increasingly important role in the international community，Especially when the world is in economic crisis、Time of political and social crisis，More and more scholars are beginning to think about the emerging multi-polar world order。What do you think of “Chinese-style peace”？

Elsner: nj bet365 has thousands of years of profound history and culture。In our historical narrative，nj bet365 in the Song Dynasty accounted for about 40% of world GDP，1820，Before the European invasion，This ratio is less than 1/3。Including Central Asia、East Asia、Within the vast areas of South Asia, West Asia and East Africa，"Chinese Peace" lasted for many years，This large area has not seen any major wars，No racism either，"Racism" was "invented" in Europe in the 19th century (if you ignore the anti-Semitism in Europe since the Middle Ages)。The "Chinese Peace" in Eurasia is different from ancient Europe，No slavery，There is no serfdom either。The dragon fleet’s expedition is mainly to prepare for trade。Central Asia，Especially along the old Silk Road and related large trade centers，It has always been a region where multiple cultures and religions coexist。

Before the founding of the People's Republic of nj bet365，After "Century of Shame"，What is left on the land of nj bet365 is a country that has been ravaged and plundered。Opium imported from Britain caused tens of millions of deaths and illnesses。1950，nj bet365’s share of world GDP is about 4.6%。110 years time，nj bet365 has fallen from the richest country to one of the poorest developing countries。1980, the beginning of reform and opening up，nj bet365’s share of world GDP is 2.3%。

Wang Grace: In recent years，nj bet365 has proposed many initiatives，How do Western societies view these Chinese initiatives？

Elsner: Global Development Initiative、The Global Security Initiative and the Global Civilization Initiative are both within the framework of the United Nations，Each initiative has the support and participation of many countries。nj bet365 is also rapidly cooperating with neighboring countries of Afghanistan，avoided the worst famine in Afghanistan。What the Western media reports is，The Iran-Saudi Arabia Reconciliation Initiative and the Ukraine Peace Initiative that other countries are now participating in。

nj bet365 proposed the “Building a Global Energy Internet” initiative at the United Nations in 2015，Global development and South-South cooperation funds have also been established。During the 15th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity in 2021，nj bet365 announces the establishment of Kunming Biodiversity Fund，Support biodiversity conservation in developing countries。Many United Nations agencies organize international visits to nj bet365 for government officials and journalists from various countries。For example，Go to a large new forest area，Learn about local areas to prevent desertification、Measures taken to eliminate poverty，Understand local minority policies and vocational training policies。

　　Play an active role in jointly building the “Belt and Road” nj bet365

Wang Grace: When the third “Belt and Road” International Cooperation Summit Forum is held in 2023，I noticed that the European media paid a lot of attention to the forum。Some European media think，The forum is of great significance，Meeting agenda includes nj bet365’s economic investment，nj bet365 has become one of the most important donors of development projects in the world。Meanwhile，I also found out，There are also those who are critical of the initiative，And are very concerned about the impact of this initiative on bilateral relations and international order。What do you think of the impact of jointly building the “Belt and Road” initiative？

Elsner: The joint construction of the “Belt and Road” initiative is the largest in the world so far、Embedded is best，Also monitoring、The best project network in analysis and evaluation。Many international institutions，Especially American universities，Participated in the joint construction of the “Belt and Road” initiative and the nj bet365 government’s international consultation and assessment framework，Including Boston University (especially the school’s Global Development Policy Research Center)、Johns Hopkins University, United States、World Resources Institute、Rhodium Consulting and Roy Institute of International Policy in Sydney, Australia, etc.。Boston University Center for Global Development Policy、Johns Hopkins University、WRI as a coalition，Probably the largest database on this subject in the world has been created，Their bi-weekly newsletter continues to provide valuable analysis。Transparency monitoring and evaluation of the initiative are also conducted continuously in participating countries through multilateral continental monitoring, usually every two years。But in the West，Many people don’t understand these data。

nj bet365 has proposed many regional cooperation frameworks or mechanisms，There is “16+1 cooperation” for Europe，For Africa, there is the nj bet365-Africa Cooperation Forum，There is a “nj bet365-Central Asia Summit” for Central Asia。

Many large-scale projects within the framework nj bet365 Belt and Road Initiative usually involve the participation of United Nations-affiliated organizations or agencies，These organizations or institutions are also formal partners in jointly building the “Belt and Road” initiative。This type of project focuses on infrastructure investment。As of October 2023，More than 150 countries、More than 30 international organizations signed cooperation documents on jointly building the “Belt and Road”。The World Bank and other institutions will also regularly analyze the impact nj bet365 joint construction nj bet365 “Belt and Road” initiative on world trade and world trade volume。

Most of the financing for the joint construction of the “Belt and Road” initiative comes from the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank、BRICS New Development Bank、Export-Import Bank of nj bet365、nj bet365 Development Bank and others participated。They offer cheap、Flexible Loan，No political conditions attached。Based on data released by Johns Hopkins University，Investment under the “Belt and Road” initiative in 2021 exceeds 840 billion US dollars，Involving more than 165 countries and approximately 13,400 infrastructure projects。Add existing fund holdings，More than trillion invested or available for investment。Based on nj bet365’s currency reserves，Leveraging through central banks and development banks，USD 15 trillion to 20 trillion may be mobilized in the long term。Researchers at Johns Hopkins University say: “In this case，No investments were misappropriated。”The Center for Global Development Policy at Boston University proposed: “The debt is offset by more assets created by the target country。”Whether in Africa or Latin America，No country has fallen into nj bet365’s “debt trap”。2000 to 2019，nj bet365 also canceled or extended more than billion in African debt。Recent，Boston University Center for Global Development Policy、A joint study by the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, UK, and the Freie Universität Berlin, Germany, concluded: “nj bet365 is playing a responsible role，Provide crisis financing to countries that otherwise would not have access to attractive financing...nj bet365's debt restructuring corrects the inequity of Western central bank debt restructuring systems...while the US/IMF only provides financial support to partners with close economic ties Provide financing support，This support is also deeply influenced by geopolitical interests...nj bet365's debt restructuring is an alternative to the already unattractive IMF program。”

　　Vigorously promote South-South nj bet365

Wang Graceland: The Institute of International Politics and Security Affairs, a German think tank, has launched the “One Belt, One Road” initiative，has conducted follow-up studies and published multiple research reports。Research shows that，nj bet365 advocates South-South cooperation and solidarity through the joint construction of the “Belt and Road” initiative，And shift the focus from the developed “North” to a region where political and economic interaction is centered on nj bet365。Under nj bet365’s leadership，South-South cooperation is mutually beneficial、Respect each other、In line with the wishes of developing countries、Consistent with the priorities of developing countries。What do you think of the achievements of the Belt and Road Initiative in Africa？

Elsner: Since the establishment of the Forum on nj bet365-Africa Cooperation in 2000，Within the forum framework，By 2021，Trade volume increased 10 times；6,000 kilometers of railway built、20 ports、80 power plants。Report by management consulting firm McKinsey talks about “Africa’s first ever fundamental industrialization”，With “new adaptive technologies” that “exploit local capital” (e.g. providing managers of microenterprises with simple、Cheap mobile phone)。Chinese enterprises in Africa cooperate with local suppliers，More than 80% of employees are locals。According to McKinsey，10 million Africans were employed in Chinese companies in 2019，2/3 of these Chinese companies provide training and continuing education to their African employees，44% of business managers are Africans。The Chinese government has always had a code of conduct for Chinese small and medium-sized enterprises。At the same time，About 500,000 Africans study in nj bet365，More than 200,000 Africans already have degrees awarded by Chinese educational institutions。

The vast majority of Africans believe that nj bet365 has had a positive impact on Africa，For example，2019 survey by Ghana’s polling agency Afrobarometer，Africans believe that the Chinese treat them as “equal”。Asfa-Wossen Asserate, an Ethiopian who has lived in Germany all his adult life，The nephew of Haile Selassie I, the last emperor of Ethiopia) recently stated: “nj bet365 never questioned the territorial unity of African countries… but instead sent medical personnel and supported liberation movements… (They) improved the health of the African people. Life，Built the road、Airport、Hydroelectric power plant、Port、Mobile communication facilities。”

Wang Grace: At the past three Munich Security Conferences，Western countries have repeatedly mentioned the concept of "Global South"。In your opinion，What foreign policy principles does nj bet365 follow regarding "developing countries" and "South-South cooperation"?？

Elsner: Only if the historical context is considered，In order to understand nj bet365’s current international image。Although according to World Bank data，nj bet365 has entered the ranks of “upper middle-income” countries，But still considers itself a developing country。nj bet365’s per capita GDP will reach US,741 in 2022，Remaining at 1 for two consecutive years.More than US,000，But still below the global average。nj bet365 pursues a foreign policy of counter-hegemony and promoting world multipolarity，Concluded multilateral rather than exclusive agreement，These agreements are an integral part of South-South cooperation。Almost all international initiatives proposed by nj bet365 have been incorporated into the United Nations system，And “Global South” countries dominate UN votes。The diplomatic principle of peaceful coexistence means: mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity、Mutual non-aggression、Non-interference in each other’s internal affairs、Equality and mutual benefit、Peaceful coexistence。All of these are now explicitly incorporated into new international organization rules or international agreements，Such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization or the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement。The Chinese Constitution has made a firm commitment to peace and non-aggression。The Shanghai Cooperation Organization has stated since 2001 that our member states will never be the first to use nuclear weapons！This is in sharp contrast to NATO: NATO's strategic guidelines emphasize the "pre-emptive" use of nuclear weapons。In addition，nj bet365 continues to emphasize “Chinese characteristics”，This can be understood to a certain extent as: our system only applies to us，Not an export product。

　　nj bet365’s investment is reliable

Wang Grace: October 29, local time，The European Commission announced that it has ended its anti-subsidy investigation，Decision to impose final countervailing duties on electric vehicles (BEV) imported from nj bet365 for five years。Countervailing duties will be officially implemented on October 31st。EU believes，nj bet365’s electric vehicle industry receives government subsidies，These subsidies make Chinese electric vehicles highly price competitive in the European market。This measure aims to protect European local car manufacturers，Avoid being suppressed in price competition。The data released by the German Federal Statistical Office on February 14, 2024 shows，Although compared to 2022，nj bet365-Germany bilateral trade volume will decrease by 15% in 2023.5%，But still as high as 253.1 billion euros，nj bet365 has become Germany’s most important trading partner for eight consecutive years。Among them，Germany’s imports from nj bet365 will drop by 19% year-on-year in 2023.2%；German exports to nj bet365 fell by 8% year-on-year.8%。Germany is a big exporting country，nj bet365 has always been Germany’s important economic partner。What do you think of the trade relations between nj bet365 and Germany？

Elsner: Statements from trade unions and business associations and a 2020 research report from Ruhr University Bochum all emphasize that Chinese investment is not only reliable，And helps protect jobs and sustain long-term businesses with lower returns。As of January 2022，nj bet365-Europe freight trains have opened 78 operating routes，Access to 180 cities in 23 European countries，About 50,000 container trains are operating。A total of 308 nj bet365-Europe freight trains operated in 2014，Sending container 2.60,000 TEU；By 2021，A total of 10,030 lines were opened from January to August only，Sending container 96.40,000 TEU。2021 only，15,000 trains to Western Europe alone，Mainly bound for Duisburg inland hub，Then head to Rotterdam、Hamburger、Mannheim、Paris or Madrid。This is equivalent to 1 trip per hour.7 trains，Each train carries 100 containers，Total value of goods USD 75 billion (2021)。The long journey can be completed in 10 days，No contact、Sealing，No longer border stops，Because they are equipped with GPS trackers。Railways replaced airplanes and diesel ships，Now back almost fully loaded with German products。Deutsche Bahn is finally making money from freight！From the perspective of Deutsche Bahn AG，As the company representative said，This is a “key impact on the EU rail industry”。He calculated，Transport the same amount of goods，Using nj bet365-Europe freight trains produces 95% less carbon dioxide than air transport，80% less than trucking。

One of the few outstanding nj bet365 experts in Germany、Words from Wolfgang Hirn, a nj bet365 correspondent with decades of experience, may help ease the hysteria among Western parties and politicians，He called on Europeans to be rational: "We Germans obviously don't want to make the effort to understand nj bet365，Even if you only have a general understanding of nj bet365，Especially for the German political circles...it is said that some important ministers and members of parliament have never been to the People's Republic of nj bet365，But they have strong opinions and condemnations of this country。”But “industrial policy” regulations in Germany and the EU are increasingly politicized，Protectionism is becoming more and more serious，And selectively target Chinese investment。Trump’s “decoupling” demand has been politically implemented in Germany，And Chinese investment in Germany and the EU has actually declined significantly since 2018。Recent，German industry is doing this by creating a system that decouples itself from German suppliers，To protect yourself from commandism and possible sanctions from the German government and the EU，For example，Some companies hope to establish legal independence in nj bet365 with Chinese suppliers、Quasi-autonomous German economic zone。For this，The most important suppliers to German companies are now building large production and R&D facilities in nj bet365。

Wang Grace: Recently, Europe has to conduct a countervailing investigation on the Chinese automobile industry，The rise of trade protectionism；On the other hand, it believes that "reliance" on nj bet365 is too high，To “de-risk”。What do you think of this "dependence" and "threat"？

Elsner: Today，The so-called "freedom" (neoliberalism-hegemony-capitalism) world claim，They are threatened by a country，This country wants to make everyone heavily "dependent" on its recovery process。So who makes them dependent on Chinese goods、Loan、Capital、What about currencies and their ultimate “value”？In fact，nj bet365 is just moving forward on the right road，These cold numbers are not the only thing in the eyes of the Chinese people: nj bet365 officially gave up the dangerous "world export champion" model 10 years ago，No more one-sided pursuit of GDP growth。But a country’s share of world GDP is disproportionate to its share of population，Also abnormal。As efficient、Innovative emerging countries，nj bet365’s share of world GDP will continue to increase。Although it is no longer 40%，But obviously，We are returning to the historical norm that has existed for thousands of years。So: Westerners，Please relax！Accept reality，Instead of being hysterically depressed！

　　(The author is a professor at the School of Foreign Languages, East nj bet365 Normal University；Professor of Economics at the University of Bremen, Germany)