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The development of quantum networks may trigger a new round of international competition

May 14, 2020 00:58 Source: "China Social Sciences", May 14, 2020, 1925, author: Li Guangmin Faye Wong

　　February 7, 2020，The White House released the "A Strategic Vision for America’ s Quantum Networks)，An intention to create another miracle after creating the Internet era，Stand again to the waves that lead the global technology，Let the quantum network lead the life of the people、Release the country's economic development vitality，Even restricting national security、Rebaging the weapon of the comprehensive strength of the country，worthy of global attention。

　　From quantum computer to quantum network

　　People not only have questions: Why do the United States put the heavy heads of scientific and technological development in the field of quantum network technology this time? Perhaps when the 2012 Nobel Prize Physics Award was awarded to Sergei Harroch and David Wyenelan，We should see the clue。Nobel Prize Committee said: "Quantum computer will change our daily life in this century。"Summary of the White House Quantum Information Science Summit announced in June 2018，Development of quantum science and technology helps to change the way the American people see the world，Relieve employment pressure，Release economic vitality。This meeting was "the White House summoned the representative from 13 federal agencies for the first time，and some of the greatest innovators ... We summoned everyone from the White House，Because we realize that the government cannot do this alone。Under the guidance of professional knowledge，We can pay attention to this field for a long time，Digging the amazing potential of quantum science and technology "，The United States Presidential Technical Assistant Consultant Michael Kratsios, a presidential technical assistant consultant, said。

　　The security and defense field of quantum networks is based on the development bet365 best casino games of the Sharl quantum computer algorithm。1994，Peter Shor invented the quantum computer，Its algorithm can be efficient、Quickly crack typical encryption information。When scientists from the National Security Agency recognize this unparalleled advantage，They have opened the search for national funding to carry out relevant scientific research work。Subsequent，Quantum information science technology appeared in the US 2008 fiscal budget for the first time and maintained until now。Quantum information science technology subsequently became part of the national strategic computing initiative of 2015。So far，The White House has released two reports on quantum information technology strategy: the first is under the leadership of President Obama，The second copy is under the leadership of President Trump。other，August 30, 2019，Trump's "National Quantum Initiative Act" signed at the end of 2018，Established the National Quantum Initiative Consulting Committee，Promote the research and development of quantum information technology by increasing the federal investment and coordination mechanism。

　　Strategic content involves six major technical fields

　　The content of the "American Quantum Network Strategic Concept" content is exactly specific。It has established the development goals of the quantum information technology industry in the US quantum network -two "development plans"，also recommended six specific technical fields for key research activities。Strategic ideas mentioned，Long -term development of maintaining the quantum network faces a difficult challenge: can you build a "stable platform for a stable connection quantum device，and develop and use quantum safety、Application of Sensing and Computing Mode "。Consider this，This idea has proposed two key goals: First, the plan of the next five years。Within five years，"American companies and laboratories will show the quantum interconnection、Basic science and key technologies from quantum recuvices to quantum networks，Bet365 app download and the distribution of entanglement distribution from quantum memory to high -throughput quantum channels and intercontinental sky -based entanglement "。This will bring business to the United States、Science、Actual benefits in hygiene and national security。The second is the plan for the next 20 years。In the next 20 years，The quantum Internet link will be used to achieve new functions that traditional classic technologies cannot achieve with the help of network quantum equipment。At the same time，The idea also involves a series of activities that the National Science and Technology Council and the National Quantum Information Science Group Committee recommended，and detailed list of its details: "The technology and platform development of key components，Including classic source、Quantum limited detector、Ultra -low loss interconnection、Space -to -ground connection、Classic network and network security protocol and extension costs; transfer quantum sources and signals from optical and telecommunications fields to quantum computer -related fields，Including microwave; entanglement and super entanglement generation，Transmission of quantum state、Control and measurement; Development and optical or telecommunications wavelengths based on photon -based quantum compatible quantum memory and small -scale quantum computers; explore new algorithms and applications for remote entanglement for small -scale and large -scale quantum processors，Including quantum error correction、Quantum cloud computing protocol and new quantum sensing mode; exploration technology used for the distribution of ground and heavenly entanglement。"" Last，This idea further clarifies the main functional agencies of the establishment of quantum -related quantum -related function，Including the White House National Quantum Coordination Office、The National Science and Technology Commission and the National Quantum Information Science Group Committee。It is worth noting that，National Quantum Information Science Group Bet365 app download Committee、National Standard and Technology Research Institute、Co -hosted by the National Science Foundation and the White House Science and Technology Policy Office。Other members include the Ministry of National Defense、National Aerospace Bureau、National Security Agency、The Office of the Director of the National Intelligence、Management and Budget Office、US Patent and Trademark Office and the State Council。

　　A new round of international science and technology competition will become fierce

　　Needless doubt，This concept will have a huge impact on the United States。In the economic field，Because the US government's investment in this and recently attracted more industry participation，This scientific field has transformed into an emerging pillar of US R & D companies。Quantum technology will be high -tech systems and materials and information and communication technology departments，Create multiple jobs directly，Relieve employment pressure。Quantum computers and sensors (such as optical chip、laser、Low -temperature cooling system and electronic equipment) key components and semi -finished products，will become a new driver for market investment。In the field of security，Protection of Bet365 app download quantum communication will greatly strengthen information security，From the perspective of national security，Quantum sensing is expected to provide advanced sensors for military activities。For example，Navigation (enemy territory or underground) without using the global positioning system; from the perspective of detection safety，A sensor using quantum technology has previously drawn the gravitational gravitational map，Increase geological activity，The accuracy of volcanic exploration and event prediction; from the perspective of data security，A general、Correct、False quantum computers may surpass the encryption technology currently used to protect data，National security data and private finance or medical data may be implicated，However, the development of the quantum password field can fight bet365 Play online games similar threats; from the perspective of medical safety，Quantum sensor has huge diagnosis potential，For example, in the future nuclear magnetic resonance scanner，The scanner can present the structure of visualized molecules and protein，Therefore, to diagnose tumors accurately。Most people have a positive and optimistic attitude towards this topic，But，Science and Technology itself is not absolutely good and bad。If it is excessively used，Quantum technology will also bring potential risks to society。Extracting the risk of polarization is a typical representative，That is, not everyone can use the first generation of quantum computers and simulator。This may lead to uneven distribution of power and wealth。Another，Legal risk、Whether social standardization certification can keep up with the rapid development of technology。After the quantum password is actively explored as a more secure communication channel，Domestic banks and other financial institutions are preparing for the arrival of quantum computers，Can the standardization certification in this field still be unknown。More，Privacy risk，Quantum technology can make the government closely monitor their citizens。Therefore，It may need to be legislated to prevent the unfair behavior of personal freedom and privacy。Similarly，Quantum technology will also increase the risk of US authorities to control criminal organizations that also use quantum technology。

　　China has also started related research

　　Internationally，This strategic concept will trigger a new round of intense technology in the world、Talent competition。The United States is not the only country to increase investment in quantum information technology。China and the European Union also launched a huge related research project。between 2016 and 2018，China took the lead in achieving the milestone of the development of three quantum information technology: August 2016 launched the world's first quantum satellite; September 2017，A long -distance Bet365 app download quantum communication fixed phone was opened between Beijing and Shanghai; January 2018，The first remote quantum video conference was held between the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing and the Austrian Academy of Sciences in Vienna2。EU，The flagship of quantum technology is a 10 -year plan of $ 1.1 billion，It aims to commercialize the EU's investment in quantum information technology。One of the goals of the plan is to cultivate competitive European quantum industry，make Europe a leader in the future global industrial structure。The emergence of quantum technology may exacerbate the digital gap between countries，Increase the gap between security between countries。For example，If a few countries can use the quantum and encryption algorithm to protect their communication security，Then this technical advantage will become a security advantage，Based on this, the hegemony relationship in a certain field may be formed and continued。This is also applicable to the era of big data，Advanced countries enjoy real -time intelligence and flexible combat advantages。Of course，Another extreme consequences may be the opposite。Expressing over time，The development and extensive spread of quantum technology may reduce the relative advantage of some major powers in this field，to form a situation of relative equivalent enemy，From this country, all countries have the ability to process information data and the capacity of protecting communication。In the initial stage of its development，The phenomenon of concentration makes "quantum hegemony" a possibility，This must attach great importance。

　　Generally speaking，Can the US quantum network strategic idea be a reality as they want? Just like the first network of DEPARTMETANT of Defense ’s Advanced Research Projects Agency in 1969, it has developed it to the Internet that people are well known today，This test takes time。But no matter what，Development of the national strategic idea of the quantum network is a powerful "technology card" played by the Trump administration，In an attempt to get the bet365 live casino games lead in the new round of scientific and technological competition，Occupy the commanding height，Then ensure that it even expands its economy、Technology、Hegemony in the fields of security。For other countries in the world，"Quantum Network Age" has begun，Can you grasp the development pulse of the cutting -edge technology era? Can it be based on building a community of human destiny，Reach consensus、Get in hand together，Let the "quantum network" benefit all mankind，This requires the wisdom and responsibility of more politicians。

　　(Author Unit: Research Center of Contemporary International Relations of Qingdao University)

Editor in charge: Changchang