Since the 1990s，The Global Value Chain division is continuously deepened，The comparative advantage of China with elements and infrastructure，Become a "World Factory"。But since the international financial crisis in 2008，In -depth adjustment of the global economic and trade governance system，China's traditional growth model also gradually micro。On the one hand，Specific international situation，Facing the constraints of developed countries、"Manufacturing Return" and the rise of manufacturing in developing countries，China's position in the global value chain is suffering "double -sided pinch"; on the other hand,，Domestic manufacturing enterprises are still large but not strong、Product quality is uneven、Core technological lack of problems，Urgent need to further advance the supply -side structural reform，Accelerate the implementation of innovation -driven strategies and manufacturing strong country strategies，Promote "Made in China" to "Creation of China" to change。So，Exploring China's participation in the global value chain may fall into the deep cause of the "low -end lock" dilemma，and find the path of breaking the game，is the key to achieving China's manufacturing value chain.。

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First, excessive dependence on the global value chain。On the one hand，In the traditional growth mode，China's endowment advantage with labor elements，Passive integration of the value chain division system led by developed countries，The available value can be very limited。For example，In the total value of an apple mobile phone in 2010，The value -added income obtained by China only accounts for 2.3%。On the other hand，Since you can directly import foreign high -quality, high -tech intermediate investment，Chinese companies' independent innovation bet365 live casino games of high -quality middle products insufficient power。For example，In China semiconductor industry，3C manufacturer's rise plus the appeal of the era of Internet information technology，greatly increased the demand for high -performance chips，But the supply of domestic enterprises is scarce，Only 1/5 only accounts for the demand for the domestic market，In this case, the company's import dependence on integrated circuit products is high。

Second, the absorption ability of technical overflow is weak。Increasing market openness and the introduction of foreign investment，Make the technological spillover effect to many emerging economies to bring technological progress when participating in international division。but，For developing countries，Can it successfully realize the transformation from spillover technology to its innovation，Depending on the strength of its corporate technology absorption ability。Generally speaking，The accumulation of more solid human capital and higher economic development levels will help enterprises to absorb advanced technologies.，and eventually transformed into your own innovative results。At the same time，Research Discovery，The absorption capacity of an enterprise can only reach a certain threshold value to convert the global value chain technology spilling effect into the driving force for independent innovation。Although the products of "Made in China" have spread all over the world，But compared to developed countries，China's absorption of advanced technologies still has insufficient absorption ability and unevenness of good and bad。Take my country's automobile industry as an example，The characteristics of large technology introduction in the automotive industry but weak technology absorption capacity，Although the automotive industry of China, Japan and South Korea grows up through the model of "Introduction -digestion -absorption -innovation"，But Japan and South Korea have formed Bet365 app download a strong independent research and development and international brand advantage in less than 30 years，and China has been in full aspects of decades after decades、After the introduction of large -scale technology，Still the forefront of international competition，"Change technology with market" to a large extent only plays the direct effect of "changing profits with the market"，Insufficient absorption capacity is still constrained by the speed of rising China's automobile industry to high -end value chain。

Third is the "capture effect" of developed countries。Professor Griffin of Duke University in the United States first proposed five modes of global value chain governance，Among them, the most typical one between developing countries and developed countries is the "capture type" mode。When developing countries passively integrate into developed countries' multinational companies, the first stage of the value chain division，In order to achieve the world's best resource allocation，In addition to using the labor cost and infrastructure advantage of developing countries，It will also actively output certain technical and standards，To help developing countries meet the needs of the division of labor in the value chain faster。but，When developing countries gradually begin to rise from low -end value chain to high -end，It will be "captured" by multinational companies or big buyers，They will not only use market forces and advanced technologies to implement the rising value chain of developing countries，It will also establish an asymmetric value chain governance method through its monopoly position，Dedicated assets to control local enterprises to restrict their independent research and development，Therefore, the low -end value chain that is trapped in the micro -profit value chain is firmly trapped，so that "curve overtaking" at the technical level cannot be possible。

Chinese companies break through the possible path of "low -end lock" of the global value chain

According to the aforementioned bet365 Play online games analysis，To break through the "low -end lock" dilemma of the value chain，There are three possible paths。

First，Extend the domestic value chain by extending the domestic value chain，Reduce excessive dependence on the global value chain。Toyota Motor Case provided us with beneficial revelation。The 1950s，Due to the limitation of the foreign exchange imported from the country，Toyota cannot from beauty、Dedu and other countries to buy professional parts，Facing the growing demand after the war，Toyota can only combine its upstream and downstream companies to build their own supply and marketing network。Toyota can build a production network with a common destiny，greatly enhanced its competitiveness in the international market。Developing countries can also extend the domestic value chain，Gradually produce an alternative to imported intermediate investment，Reduce excessive dependence on global value chain led by developed countries。Extending the value chain can enhance the innovation ability of the enterprise from three aspects。First，Promote the improvement of productivity。The extension of the corporate value chain strongly promotes the extent of its integration of the value chain，Enhanced the comparative advantage of enterprises in international vertical division of labor，It will inevitably bring an increase in corporate productivity，to stimulate corporate innovation，Help the value chain upgrade of the enterprise。Next，Promoting industrial agglomeration。Extending the domestic value chain will enable enterprises to form a higher level of scale economy，Enhance the ability to connect between enterprises and resource integration，An important guarantee for becoming an enterprise to improve innovation。Last，Relieve the financing constraints of the enterprise。Due to the close relationship between the "sales and purchase" of the supply chain company，longer domestic value chain will largely provide enterprises with a more stable capital chain，Then reduce the Bet365 app download risk of supply chain uncertainty，Provide more financial resources for enterprises to achieve technical upgrades。

2，Introducing a competitive mechanism to strengthen corporate technology absorption。The improvement of technical absorption ability is the key link for developing countries to enhance international competitiveness。Since the reform and opening up，China proposed the technological development path of "introduction -digestion -absorption -innovation"，Although it has achieved certain results in technology introduction，But digestion、Slightly insufficient absorption。If local companies can improve the technical overflowing ability in the global value chain，It will inevitably realize the "low -end lock" breakthrough in the technical leap，The introduction of the "catfish" of the competitive mechanism will stimulate the company's awareness and crisis awareness。​​Specifically，Can strengthen the competitive mechanism from the following three aspects。The first is to improve the production capacity of heterogeneous products of domestic enterprises，and strengthen the synergy effect on the industrial chain。Through strengthening heterogeneous production capacity，Make the company more comparative advantage in competition，and coordinate cooperation，Make up for the resources and market information between enterprises，As a result, international influence is enhanced in the process of cooperating with upstream and downstream companies。Second is to eliminate market division，Enhanced regional competition，Let the market play a decisive role in resource allocation。Strengthening the market's guidance effect on corporate innovation through the "Social Innovation" Championship，Strengthening the implementation of innovation -oriented, rather than a local performance assessment system with GDP，and create an innovative competitive environment for "seeking new and seeking differences" based on the advantages of local industrial characteristics。bet365 best casino games Third is to improve the intellectual property system，Provide the best protection barrier for the company's independent innovation from the source。Basic principles to stimulate enterprises' innovation and creative vitality and ensure fairness and fair environment，Intellectual property mechanism for design supervision and competition，Promote the establishment of my country's technical standard system，Strengthening the consciousness of corporate use of intellectual property rights to achieve strategic development。

Third，Build a regional value chain system with the "Belt and Road" as the core，Gradually changed from the "participant" of the division of labor to the "leader"。The current global production network is formed by the regional "center"，By building a two -way "nested" global value chain production capacity cooperation system -dominated the "Belt and Road" regional value chain system and integrates it into the global value chain system，The introduction of some high -tech products from the United States to Korea、Day、Europe and other places，to reduce external risks，can also transfer some of the advantageous industries and production capacity to the countries along the route to form an optimized configuration，Play the role of its "internal and external Unicom" in the core position of the regional value chain，Promote my country's value chain upgrade。This cooperation mode has the following three features。First is an inclusive nested division of labor。In the "Belt and Road" regional value chain，China can build its own high -end、Connection of Low -end Industrial Chain，and open up the production capacity cooperation of North and South countries。Although this value chain is part of the global value chain，But more tolerance and stability，Not only includes more countries, but also relieves the "unstable" leading of traditional developed countries。The second is the subjective heterogeneous participation subject。In the new trade model bet365 Play online games (cross -border e -commerce、Free Trade Zone, etc.) In the background of the rise of the rise，It is particularly important to cultivate personalized industries to enhance international competitiveness，China can help the development of the advantageous industries through imported advantages of various countries。Third, the carrier of cooperative international enterprise。Pass the joint venture of large enterprises in the country along the line，The risk can be reduced in the complex investment environment，and optimize the local industrial competition pattern。

(Author Unit: Institute of World Trade Organization, China World Trade Organization of Foreign Economic and Trade)