The Report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasizes，"Promoting the connection of fertility policies and related economic and social policies，Strengthening the Strategy of Population Development "。This requirement conforms to the changes in China's population form today，It will have a profound impact on the long -term balanced development of the future and the healthy development of economic and social health。Dested，my country's fertility policy has experienced three iconic adjustments in the past 40 years，strict family planning policy to "separate two children" and then "comprehensive two -child" policy。Each adjustment of fertility policy，will bring the population number、Change of the structure。Since the implementation of the "Two Children" policy，2016-2018 The number of births in my country is 17.86 million、17.23 million、15.23 million，The proportion of two children increases from 40.4%to 51.2%and maintains about 50%，It indicates that the effect of the "comprehensive two -child" policy continues to appear，The total population has maintained a steady growth。

Implementation of the policy of "Two -Child" policy，Not only is it conducive to the balanced development and population safety of our country，It also has a positive macroeconomic effect。For example，Two -child policy bet365 best casino games can reduce social support，Increase effective labor supply，To a certain extent, increase the long -term bonus of the population。At the same time，Under the current environment of quality education，Improve the skill level of workers，Make up for the gap of skill talents in the labor market，It helps to promote the high -quality development and industrial structure upgrade of my country。But for the family，Because fertility and childbirth are a "time -intensive" activity，Women are the main undertakers of children as children，His career and income level may occur for a period of time，This is also the career dilemma that women generally face in the context of encouraging fertility。

　　Bet365 lotto review

First，The implementation of the two -child policy affects women's labor participation rate。Large study indicates，Mother's identity will reduce the participation rate of female labor。In the past 30 years，Chinese women's labor participation rate has been declining，from 79.4%in 1990 to 68.8%in 2017，drop to 10.6 percentage points，The gap between women and men's labor participation rates increased from 9.5 percentage points in 1990 to 14 percentage points in 2017。The continuous expansion of the participation rate gap，It means that women still suffer various obstacles and discrimination in obtaining employment opportunities。According to Baker's preference discrimination theory，Women will bring more extra expenditures to companies than men，If the cost of fertility、Vocational training costs, gender benefits, etc.，Reduced the competitiveness bet365 live casino games of women in the labor market，Affects female labor participation rate。other，"Two -child" policy was introduced，Employers will also consider female fertility and fertility costs during the recruitment and recruitment process (such as fertility insurance、Extend maternity leave) and other questions，The labor participation rate of women with the willingness to fertility of two children will be further reduced，Increase risk of unemployment。

Next，The two -child policy exacerbates professional gender isolation (Sex Segregation) to a certain extent (Sex Segregation)，That is, the identity of the second child's mother will make more women face gender inequality on the path of career promotion and development。According to social gender theory，The fundamental reason for the inequality of men and women is the social gender difference between the sexes，instead of the physiological gender differences of gender。This influence is usually closely related to traditional culture and social specifications，And was further amplified under the impact of the two -child policy。In the labor market，Women are more likely to surround those semi -skilled、Low -revenue occupations with low skills (that is, "horizontal isolation")，For example, informal、Work tasks of relative disadvantages，or flexible in the construction period、Low -paying occupations suitable for family care。Even if men and women belong to the same industry，Men are usually at the top of the professional level，Women gather at the bottom of the professional level (that is, "vertical isolation")。

Bet365 app download Last，The implementation of the two -child policy expands the phenomenon of gender differentiation。Women's "Motherhood Wage Penalty" due to her mother's identity, which causes a gap between gender wages。Current，The gap between gender wages is still a common phenomenon of global (including China)，Women's average salary is 20%lower than men。Under the background of the "Two Child" policy，Those women who are willing and have two children in the labor market decline。Long -term influence by Confucianism，"Male lead、Female Lord "becomes the main role of Chinese traditional families。In order to bear the responsibility of raising children，Women's labor often faces career interruption and shortened working time，lead to "Skill Atrophy"。Even if women can return to the workplace in the future，It may also encounter "salary punishment" due to long -term absence and skills depreciation of skills，Further expand the wage gap with male labor。In other words，Affected by the current fertility policy，Women who have two children will cause wages and promotion opportunities for losses due to their mother's identity，The opposite is，My father's identity brings a salary premium that runs through the entire career of men。other，For employers，Because of the fertility cost of fearing the increase in women's fertility two children，When they contract with female employees，Often passes out the potential risk costs out，By reducing women's salary、Standard for fertility，or reduce investment in the investment and job training of female employees' human capital，bet365 Play online games Maximum reduction of employment losses。

　　Create a trinity public policy support system

As mentioned above，Gender Disadvantages of the Women's Labor Market generated by the mother's identity，It will offset the expected effect of the adjustment of childbirth policy to a certain extent，Since the implementation of the two -child policy，The phenomenon of "wanting to give birth" in society is generally appearing。In order to better implement the "comprehensive two -child" policy，Need to supplement more comprehensive public services and supporting measures，Build a government、(Labor) market and family trinity public policy support system。

First, at the government level，Increase public service supply，Improve service quality，Promote the socialization of family functions，Improve the reward and guarantee system for the two -child fertility family。For example，Increase community infant entry service、Public service products supply such as school -age children，Research and formulation of personal income tax for two -child maternity family、Real estate tax and other related tax credits policies。Reduce preschool education costs of early childhood or include preschool education into the compulsory education stage，Reduce the burden on the family's education expenditure of the family。Expand maternity insurance coverage crowd，Increase the reimbursement ratio and fertility allowance。By reducing the raising cost of two -child family，Improve the disposable income level of the two -child family，Improve the participation rate of women's labor，Make sure women's balance between compensation and family care。

Second, at the level bet365 Play online games of labor market，Strengthen supervision and employment protection，Emphasize the minimum wage system and collective negotiation system，Explore the formulation of "Anti -Employment Discrimination Law"，Update and modify the legal provisions related to the two -child policy in the labor market，Make sure women's rights to return to work after fertility。Losses caused by female employees who recruit two children for childbirth，The government can target eligible companies，Give tax reduction and exemption、Subsidies for maternity insurance premiums、Get policy discounts such as priority loan right，Properly reduce the burden of corporate payment，Reduce corporate employment costs。

Third is at the family level，Clarify the responsibility for the common parenting of men and women，Enhance the enthusiasm of women's fertility two children。While implementing the implementation of the production vacation system，Give and improve the opportunity and allowance of men to enjoy childcare holidays，Improve male parenting participation rate，Rebaging the sharing mechanism of family parenting，Guide men to bear more care responsibility，Optimize family parenting gender division。Reasonable family parenting mode，Not only will it help reduce the prejudice of employers' job hunting and promotion for women，It can also better promote the role of mother and father's status between work and family.，Maintain family harmony。

　　(This article is the National Social Science Fund Youth Project "Research on the Effects of Gender Incant Workers in Women's Employment" (16Crk017) phased results)

(Author Unit: Academy of Economics and Finance of Huaqiao University)