The 12th Ministerial Meeting of the World Trade Organization (WTO) is one of the issues that cannot be around，is WTO reform。New Director of General Director Ensogi Olunjo Iveoa (Ngozi Okonjo-IWeala) officially proposed in the three major priority tasks，Two items are related to this reform: Reform the World Trade Organization Dispute Solution Mechanism and Modernization of Multilateral Trade Rules。Visible，Where does the multilateral trading system and regional economic cooperation with WTO as the core?，Not only is it related to my country's higher level of opening to the outside world，It is also related to the future of the global trade governance system。

Since the establishment of WTO，The bipolar system of global trade governance is gradually formed。The first pole is the core of WTO、The multilateral trade system based on traditional trade，The second pole is covered with intermediate goods and service trade、Investment and intellectual property rights、New regional trade agreements with capital flow and key personnel flow。When negotiating in the "General Agreement of Tariffs and Trade" (GATT)，The number of regional trade agreements worldwide gradually increases，Enter the fast lane of growth。The global financial crisis that outbreaking in 2008 brought a certain impact on trade governance，Regional trade agreement growth slows down。and from 2018 to the present，High -standard giant regional trade agreement accelerates out。As the number of regional trade agreements continues to increase and deepen the depth，The relationship between the regional trading agreement and the multilateral trading system has become the focus of research on the political and business community。

But the relationship between the regional trade agreement and the multilateral trading system has not been concluded。Increase Bet365 app download with the number of agreements，The relationship between the relationship between the regional trade agreement and the multilateral trading system is becoming more intense，There are two clear factions: suspicion and optimism。Suspects represented by Professor Jagdish Bhagwati of Columbia University,，Compared to creating trade，Regional trade agreement is more transferred to trade，The overall income of global trade is generally reduced。So，Suspicious Pie thinks，Regional trade agreement is the "stumbling block" of the multilateral trading system，Regionalism is a threat to the construction of a multilateral trading system。The opposite is，A optimistic faction represented by Fred Bergsten, a senior researcher at Peterson International Economic Research Institute in the United States，is full of confidence in the multilateral trading system。Their first and second regionalist waves in the 1950s and 1980s finally concessions to multilateral motion，Especially the fact that the second wave finally decreased due to the establishment of the WTO in early 1995，Observed experimental factory as a multilateral trading system，Regional trade agreement has played "laboratory effect"，formed a larger and more trade agreement，Therefore, it is the "stepping stone" of the multilateral trading system。Research results also displayed，Although the regional trade agreement is transferring trade，But the importance of trade with non -member decline，These regional trade agreements will promote the reduction of non -member tariffs。But，Empirical results are not consistent: research on the United States and the European Union shows，The regional trade agreement they signed constitutes a "stumbling block" on the multilateral trading system; research on Latin American countries is shown as "stepping stone"。The possible explanation is，Non -trade targets that have signed trade agreements in developed countries and regions such as the United States and Europe are more important Bet365 lotto review than trade targets，These trading agreements have failed to promote the multilateral trading system。

Facts，The regional trade agreement is beneficial to the multilateral trading system, which is beneficial to supplement rather than damage and weakening。Starting in the 1990s，Regional trade agreement has gradually become an inseparable part of global trade governance，It reflects the constant adaptation of the system to the internationalization of the production process。With the expansion of global regulation，Enterprises can differentiate their production process，The industry's internal trade of intermediate products has become an important part of contemporary international trade。thus greatly surpass the regional trade agreement that WTO has been involved in scope，Reinforced the existing global production network，Meet the different preferences and interests of WTO members。At the same time，Participants of the Regional Trade Agreement also tried their best to match WTO requirements，Get the maximum interest from multilateral liberalization。Interoperability between this system，It ensures that the regional trade agreement will not hinder these economies from benefiting from it，and WTO and these increasing regional trade agreements formed a "loose hook"，It is beneficial to the formation of the toughness of free trade order。

China has always adhered to the regional trading agreement with the multilateral trading system in the participation of global governance practice。In the practice of actively maintaining the multilateral trading system and gradually implementing the strategy of my country's free trade zone，my country's political and business community gradually reached consensus，It has formed a rational school that is different from skeptical and optimistic factions。For more than 20 years，my country actively maintains the multilateral trading system，and under the WTO framework，Following the trend of high -quality bet365 Play online games advancement in accordance with the process of economic globalization，Actively build a free trade zone with trading partners，Signed 19 Free Trade Agreement with 26 countries and regions。The total import and export of China in 2020 was 4.65 trillion US dollars，Among them, with WTO members、The trade amount of free trade partners accounted for 97.9%and nearly 35%, respectively。my country's theoretical analysis and empirical research all shows，The multilateral trade system and regional trade agreement is two "wheels" that drive economic globalization and international trade investment liberalization，Promote each other、Absence of one indispensable。

China has always been a firm supporter of multilateralism。But how to effectively promote the mutual promotion of the regional trade agreement and the multilateral trading system，Need to force force from the following aspects。First，Fighting unswervingly maintaining real multilateralism is the prerequisite for future regional economic cooperation。WTO failed to continue trade liberalization during the period of the Great Trade Agreement，existing external factors，There are also internal factors。Questions that are gradually exposed during operation，WTO members, including China, have gradually included WTO reform in the work agenda，But all parties around the dispute resolution mechanism、"Special and Differential Treatment"、Differential differences in issues such as transparency are still difficult to meet in the short term。Similarly，Over the years, the academic community at home and abroad has performed the WTO problem from different perspectives of different disciplines.，No consensus is still seen。In this background，Some WTO members have shifted the needs of policy reform from WTO negotiations to the practice of consultation in the regional trade agreement。So，To maintain and enhance the authority and effectiveness of the multilateral trading system，Urgent need to reform wto。

bet365 Play online games Second，Revealing the pseudo -polygons of the United States can effectively maintain real multilateralism。Just face the problem that it cannot heal，When the fundamental changes that are deeply trapped in the external environment, the difficult situation that cannot be adapted，The original founder in the United States began to fundamentally doubt whether the multilateral trading system was favorable for it。As the main founder of the system，"No matter" and "not cooperative" in the United States，It is the reality that it has shifted from hegemony multilateralism to "competitive multilateralism"，and the strategy orientation of the replacement system for the converting regional trading agreement。The United States chooses most free trade partners for politics rather than economic reasons，and through a competitive liberalization strategy to achieve a larger political purpose，At the same time, it will be conducive to your own international trade and investment rules in a country with different differences。This steering of "competitive multilateralism"，Reduced the legitimacy and authority of the WTO，The existing status that threatens the global trading system，exacerbated the dilemma of global trade governance deficit。With the rise of the group of emerging economies and the advent of the era of diversified governance，Global trade governance methods need to make corresponding changes。Global Trade Governance Model is only from competitive multilateral to inclusive multilateralism，can we practice real multilateralism。

third，Maintaining real multilateralism needs to ensure the main channel status of the international rules of the multilateral trading system。Practice proof，The supply model of the competitive supply model and regionalist supply model cannot fully meet the needs of today's global economic and social development，Unable to solve global problems。It is related to the vital bet365 Play online games interests of all WTO members，All members should be the behavior of global trade governance。But due to different stages of economic development，There are different demands for the formulation of the rules，You cannot adopt a "one -size -fits -all" method，Instead, different members should be allowed to choose bilateral、Area、Multilateral and other different discussions，Allow members to add different agreements according to their own conditions，But it must be ensured that the main channel status of international rules with WTO as the core。

Fourth，Continuous deepening institutional opening is the driving force for my country to participate in regional economic cooperation in the future。my country's new round of high -level opening to the outside world is opening from goods and elements to the rules、Regulations、Management、Standard and other institutional type open changes。Institutional openness not only requires that China can effectively connect the international open system，It also needs further positive impact in China。Based on the multilateral trade system and regional free trade agreement arrangement, mutual promotion consensus，China will be further positive、Constructive ways to participate in WTO reform，Work hard to crack the original rules and lock，By formulating new rules and strengthening existing reasonable rules，Modernization of Trade Rules，Winning development space for developing countries。other，Given that the WTO reform cannot be achieved overnight，China will play more leading role in the negotiations of regional trade agreement，At the same time, the regional and global levels are active and effectively involved in the system supply，Promoting regional comprehensive economic cooperation。officially applied to join the "Comprehensive and Progressive Cross -Pacific Partnership Agreement" (CPTPP) and "Digital Economic Partnership Agreement" (DEPA)，All reflect China's determination to actively participate in regional economic cooperation。

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(The author is a professor at the School of International Finance and Trade, Shanghai University of Foreign Languages)