Since the 21st century，Global productivity growth rate generally slows down，Multi -countries are facing long -term challenges of productivity improvement。With the changes in the development environment and development stage，China's economy enters quality change、Efficiency change、A new stage of stack of power change，Traditionally with scale expansion as the main characteristic growth model, it is difficult to adapt to the ability requirements of high -quality development and Chinese -style modernization in the new era，Innovation -driven and efficiency driver are the fundamental way out of the transformation and upgrading of economic growth。Emphasized in the 20 major reports of the Party，Focus on improving the full factor productivity，Promote the effective improvement of the economy and the reasonable growth of quantity。Promoting the sustainable growth of full factor productivity has become an important task in China's high -quality development and Chinese -style modernization process。

　　bet365 best casino games

Traditional growth accounting theory believes，All factor productivity reflects the comprehensive efficiency of input and output，Usually represents the ratio of the amount of production and all production factors。Therefore，The growth rate of full factor productivity is considered to be the remaining increase caused by the increase in the number of factors in the output growth。This theory usually equates the full factor productivity as technical progress，There is a certain limitations of the understanding of the content of full factor productivity。

In -depth understanding of the connotation of full factor productivity needs to be distinguished by the nature of technological progress。From the nature of technological progress，Whether the relative marginal output changes according to the factor input structure conditions，Technical progress is divided into neutral technical progress and bias technical progress，or under the premise of the relative price of a given element，Is it distinguished according to whether the structure is invested by the factor。Neutral technical progress is the special state and nature of technological progress，Expressing the bet365 Play online games translation of the production function。Progressive technological progress represents the general state and nature of technological progress，The non -parallel movement of the production function。

Economic theoretical research and experience analysis generally implied neutral technology progress hypothesis，​​It matches the typical facts of Caldo，But，More and more new evidence indicates，Elasticity or element share in many countries often exists with obvious timing characteristics，The perfect hypothesis of neutral technology progress does not meet the general reality of economic development。Special，Under the perspective of neutral technical progress，The factor efficiency caused by technological progress is symmetrical，Different factor productivity has increased the same level; under the perspective of biased technology progress，The factor efficiency caused by technological progress is asymmetric，Different element productivity increases differently。If the full factor productivity is considered in the technological progress of special forms，There is a certain bias for understanding the content of the full factor productivity。

It seems that the new growth accounting theory recently developed，Full factor productivity growth rate is the result of non -parallel movement of production functions。From the perspective of single factor productivity，Full factor productivity growth is actually a net value of various factor productivity changes and net elastic changes in element output based on the elasticity of factor output; from the perspective of factor marginal production，Full factor productivity growth is actually a net value of marginal productivity changes in various factor output elasticity; from the perspective of technological progress，Full factor productivity growth is actually a net value of changes in the changes in the improvement effect of pure neutral technical progress and the change of pure bias technology progress.。Therefore，From the perspective of economic meaning，Promoting the growth of factor productivity、Element marginal productivity growth、Elasticity of element output is the core connotation of the sustainable growth of all factor productivity。

　　Release the potential of the entire factor productivity growth 

From an international perspective，Since the reform and opening up, the gap between China's full factor productivity level and major developed countries has narrowed。Calculate based on the data reported by the University of Pennsylvania，Since Bet365 lotto review joining the WTO，China ’s full factor productivity level has steadily increased。Especially compared with other "BRICS countries"，After the international financial crisis，China ’s full factor productivity level has risen smoothly and the gap with other countries is significantly reduced。This is mainly due to South Africa with good initial conditions、Brazil's full factor productivity level has declined for a long time。

China ’s full factor productivity level still has great room for improvement and growth potential。From the perspective of international experience，Practice of the entire factor productivity development of developed countries，Labor productivity exceeds the growth of capital productivity to become the most important source of the growth of full factor productivity。Since the 21st century，With international trade、International Investment、The recovery of multinational finance and the rise of multinational companies，Production Chain、Supply chain and value chain activities are becoming more and more global，The level of labor productivity of the main industrialized countries has increased rapidly and generally continues to grow，Drive the increase in the productivity of the whole factor。Since the reform and opening up，Thanks to the establishment and improvement of the socialist market economy system、Accelerate integration into the global economy，and attach importance to research and development and technology，China's labor productivity growth rate is generally higher and faster than the speed of capital productivity growth。Despite the growth rate of material capital at the developed country level, low，Even declined in a specific period，But the material capital productivity and labor productivity of some countries show strong synchronous growth，This means that the configuration efficiency of economic resources is high。Since the late 1990s，China's material capital return rate generally shows a downward trend，Excessive dependence on increasing the extensive development model of "capital -labor ratio" promotes the rapid economic growth，It will also induce material capital allocation to distort and decrease in material capital remuneration。Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China，With comprehensive deepening reform、Supply -side structural reform has further advanced and the construction of a bet365 best casino games unified market in the country，The trend of decreased capital mismatch and rewards will be gradually compressed，And the strategy of science and education and education、Talent Strategy Strategy、The accumulation effect of the innovation -driven development strategy shaped the "talent dividends"，This will expand space for China's full factor productivity growth。

　Multi -dimensional combination to improve the entire factor productivity 

Promote the sustainable growth of the full factor productivity，Promoting high -quality economic development，Need valid market、A combination of the government，Form multi -dimensional co -force，Give play to the synergy effect。On the one hand，firmly deepen the reform of the market mechanism，Aiming at the trend of endowment of the element，Use new technologies and equipment that is conducive to the abundant elements of the country，Promoting cutting -edge technology and suitable technological innovation development and growth，To a greater extent, promote the growth of full factor productivity。On the other hand，To strengthen macro policy coordination，Improve government efficiency and governance level，Improve the resource allocation ability and resource allocation efficiency of the global scope。

First，Deepen the reform of the "decentralization service"，Give full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation，better play the role of the government。Systems Promoting the Reform of the "Drive Management"，The effective market will be organically combined with the organic government，Continuously optimize my country's full -factor productivity sustainable growth system and mechanism environment。Promoting neutral competition policy landing，In the market entry threshold、Business license、Land supply、Financing tax subsidy、Bidding and government procurement，Breaking the priority of violation of efficiency、Take into account the hidden barriers of fairness，Effective reduction of hindering freedom enter、Various improper intervention behaviors of free competition。Eliminate the area、Elementary disorders such as inter -industrial and between capital capital，Open production、allocation、circulation、Consumption link，Promoting various production factors more free、Fair、Order flow，Declapping the trend of decreased capital level of capital margin，Improve Bet365 lotto review the market's allocation efficiency of resources。In traditional low technology、Low value -added and competitive industries，Give full play to the business demonstration role of high -efficiency enterprises，Encourage companies that lack competitiveness to conduct technical transformation and management optimization，Forced inefficient enterprises to exit according to market laws，Promote the optimization configuration of resources。

2，Strengthening technological innovation，Promote the Industrialization Application of cutting -edge technology。The main body of the enterprise has the characteristics of profit avoidance，The optimal decision is to obtain the maximum profit at the minimum cost。The cost of innovation in technological innovation is large、R & D field of general technology fields and key technologies with broad prospects，Adactions to local conditions，Adaptation of factor endowment structure changes，The government provides innovative infrastructure，Especially policies and fund support in strengthening basic research areas，Effectively reduce the cost of technological innovation of enterprise，Compensation for corporate risk costs，Guide corporate innovation。The application and commercial application field of cutting -edge technology industries，Market access、Investment、Tax policy should be gradually shifted to the cutting -edge technology of digitalization，Especially artificial intelligence (AI)、IoT、Big Data、Blockchain、5g、3D printing、Robot、Drone、Gene editing、nanotechnology、Solar Photovoltaic、Electric car、Biofuels, etc.，Speed ​​up new technologies in agriculture、The diffusion and adoption of the manufacturing and service industry，Revitalize the traditional production department，Growing emerging industries，Release of cutting -edge technology to amplify the productivity of full factor、superimposed and double effects。

third，Improve the quality of the element input，Improve the quality and skill level of workers。The high and low of the input quality of the factor directly affect the entire factor productivity。Labor quality level、Advanced of machine and equipment、Energy utilization efficiency、Data resources quality and value are all important part of the quality of the input of factors，where，Labor bet365 live casino games quality is the most critical。With the decline in the number of labor and shortening working time，Education of the workers、Skills level、Health status has a greater impact on the sustainable growth of full factor productivity。Given that many cutting -edge technologies need to match digital skills，You need to further increase the emphasis on academic education and vocational education.，The proportion of various types of education input through reasonable arrangement、Improve the education system and other measures，Encourage various types of colleges and universities to cooperate with enterprises to cultivate skills and knowledge -based technology workers。Deepen industry -university -research cooperation，Study in the market、Product Development、Procurement、Production、Sales and after -sales service and other links to ensure high -quality and high -skills labor supply，Give full play to each comparison advantage，Promote the growth of suitable technological progress。At the same time，Improve the salary and welfare system、Laws and regulations，Gradually correct labor price distortion，Employment growth of high quality and high skills，Promote the labor and wages of various industries in various regions to match with their labor productivity，Ensure that the labor share increases with the expansion of effective labor supply。

Fourth，Strengthen the coordination of domestic and international macro policies，Forms the joint force of sustainable growth of productivity。Today's global economy is in a deep adjustment period，Need macro policies to be coordinated in advance，To greaterly stimulate market vitality and social creativity，Long -term power to enhance economic growth。Create domestic scientific and technological innovation、Industry、fiscal policy and trade、currency、Coordination effects between financial policy，Build a "Belt and Road" with co -construction、Free Trade Zone、The construction of the free trade pilot zone is the focus，Promote international trade and investment freedom。Promoting bilateral、Area and multilateral cooperation，Further deeply integrate and adapt to the global economic and trade system，Destroy unnecessary elements and product liquidity and distortions between the country and regions，Make up for the international market failure，Reduce Bet365 app download resource transnational configuration distortion。Give full play to the advantages of the new national system，Promoting open innovation and independent innovation collaboration，Against overseas technology、Talent、Service、High -end element forces such as business model，Breakthrough major technology shortcomings、Promoting the construction of strategic industries，Foreign capital introduction should focus on the construction chain、Make up the chain、Strong Chain and Stable Chain，The powerful kinetic energy of joint cultivation of productivity growth。

　(Author is an associate professor at the School of Economics and Law of Zhongnan University of Economics and Law; PhD in School of Economics and Law, Central South China University of Economics and Law)