Jian Xue Xue is an ancient learning。So，What is Jane? What kind of development has Jian Yixue experienced?，We interviewed Professor Chen Wei of Wuhan University Jane Research Center。

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"China Social Sciences": Professor Chen，Hello! You have been engaged in the research of Jian Ji for more than 30 years，Please talk about what is Jane? Why is Jian Yan Xue a ancient learning?

Chen Wei:People often use "old paper piles" to refer to ancient learning。However, in front of Jane 牍 牍，The word looks so immature。Because Jane is prevalent，and the discovery of the previous generation of Jane、Early experience of research，All occurred before the paper is generally used for writing。

Jian Ji roughly refers to writing in bamboo、Ancient literature on wooden tablets。"Shangshu · Da Shi" said: "However, the ancestors of Yin have a book and there is a code。"Poetry · Xiaoya · Drive" said: "Wouldn't it be returned?" Fear of this brief book。"" Shang Dynasty，By the West Westworm, I have used Jian，Cover is undoubted。After the spring and autumn，There are many descriptions about Jane in the classics。"Zuo Zhuan" Xianggong 25 years，Qi Cuizheng Zhuang Gong，Da Shi brothers are rigid to death。"Nang Shi's hearing the history of the great history，Perseverance。"" Historical Records of the Confucius Family "Master" Spring and Autumn "，Pen pen，Cutting is cut，Zixia's disciples cannot praise a word "。"Cutting" is the word to delete the text of Jianye。"Taiping Royal Lan" Volume 606 Records "Customs": "Liu Xiang" Don't Record ":‘ Killing Man ’，Zhizhi Bamboo as a brief book。Hsinchu has juice，Good Fold，Everyone who works，All on the fire，Chen Chu said the sweat。Khan people go to their juice。Wu Yue said: Killing Yizhi。Liu Xiang for more than 20 years for the Emperor Xiaocheng Emperor Classics，Both books of Bamboo，Easy issue can be written with more than those who can write above。"while explaining" killing "，It also revealed the Royal Collection of Liu Xiangdian School，First survey with the Books，The process of recording the book again。"On the Health · Together" also describes the production and use of Jian Jian: "Tieling as a tube，Breaking as，Trail of Pen Ink，The big who is the scripture，The big who is the scripture，Small person is biography。Broken wood is 椠，as board，Forbid scraping，Nai Cheng。"" Primary School "Volume 21" Paper Seventh "record" Xuan Xuan Pseudo "said:" Ancient paperless，Therefore, use Jane，Non -Lord Yuye。Those who use today，All with yellow paper。"Before the paper of the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty became the official writing carrier，Jane's long -term and oracle bones、Goldstone、缣 缣。Since the material is easy to get，Production、Write simplicity，Can be compiled into a volume to carry a large length of literature，You can also engraved with teeth、Section、Seal with additional anti -counterfeiting、Secret and other functions，Jane was the most common writing carrier at that time。

Jane discovery in the modern sense of our country，Beginning in the early 20th century。After that, the real objects are endless，More than 200 batches have been found to date，Total more than 300,000 pieces、3 million words。The age of these simplicity is mainly during the Warring States Period and even the Qin, Han, Wei and Jin period，The earliest case was the Bet365 app download Zenghou Yita Tomb Bamboo Slip, who was buried in 433 BC or later in 433 BC。This is in line with the second half of the age of the classics.。Jane before the Spring and Autumn Period，Due to the long time of the times，There may be the reason for buried conditions (such as the depth of the tomb、Fill in the soil, etc.)，It's not easy to save，I have not seen it yet。

Han Dynasty to drop，Reappearance of previous generation Jane，Numbers of history。The most important of which，When it is Fushengfa Wall Tibetan "Shangshu"、King Lu Gong's hair hole wall，and not allowed to steal hair。"Historical Records of Rulin Biography": Fusheng is Dr. Qin，"Qin Shi Burning Book，Fusheng Wall Tibetan。Later soldiers rose，Exile，Handing，Fusheng asks his book，Ten deaths，Get twenty -nine articles，is to teach between Qilu "。"Han Shu · Liu Ye Biography" Dr. Tai Chang also remembered this: "" Shang Shu "was originally from the wall of the house，Disposter，This book is seen today，Shi Shi Chuan read it。"" Han Shu · Liu Ye Biography "Dr. Tai Chang remembered:" And King Lu Gong's bad Confucius house，Want to be a palace，Elders in the bad wall，"Yili" has thirty -nine，"Book" 16 articles。After the Han Han，Kong Anguozhi，Difficulty of being killed by the witch，Before implementing。and "Spring and Autumn" Zuo's Qiu Ming repaired，All ancient books，More than 20 pass，Zang Yu's Mansion，Volume without sending。Emperor Xiaocheng Emperor Min Xue's Capital，Slightly from its true，It is Chen Fa's secret Zang，Old text of the school theory，Three things，It is passed on by the examiner，Scriptures or Simplification，Chuan or Breakfast。"" Jin Shu · Shu Xi Biography "contains:" Two years of Taikang，Junjun people are not allowed to steal the tomb of King Wei Xiang，or Yan Anli Wangzu，Dozens of Books in Bamboo Book。... Great Fan 75 Articles，Seven articles folded，Topic of Don’t know the title。... Lacquer books are all scouts。Chu Fa Tenzan Burning Strategy to take treasures，and the official collection，Ember Simple Break，Text is both disabled，No interpretation。Emperor Wudi Pay the Secretary of the Secretary School，Searching for the test，and written in this article。Xi in the book，Watch Bamboo Book，Doubt out，There are justified evidence。"" Scholars of Han and Jin scholars sort out the previous albums、Formulas used，Real the same is the same as today。

　　The main features of the new stage of the development of Jian Xuexue

"China Social Sciences": from the end of the 20th century，Jian Xuexue's development has entered a new stage。Please talk about what are the remarkable features of the new stage of Jian Xuexue?

Chen Wei:Estiments of the history of Chinese Jane's Scholars，The academic world knows not to be consistent。Starting from the end of the 20th century，Jian Yixue entered a new stage of development，I believe it is the feeling of many peers。The characteristics of Jane's new era are roughly five:

First，Jane is unearthed accelerated。probably mainly affected by the scale of basic construction，The frequency discovered by Jane is significantly accelerated。In Chu Jian，2009，Hubei Jiangxia Dingjiazui Two Chu Tomb Tomb Out of 100 Bamboo Simplicity; 2010，Jingmen Yancang Xunzi，There are more than 700 Chijian unearthed; 2014，Hunan Xiangxiang Sangi Bridge No. 1，Unearthed more than 700 books in Chu Guo County's Documents; 2015，Tomb 106, Xiajiatai, Xiajiatai, south of Jingzhou, Jingzhou, Hubei，Unearthed more than 400 pieces of Chujian，Among them, there are "Book of Songs · Fengfeng" and "Shangshu Lu Xing"bet365 best casino games ; discovered in 2018-2019 to the Tomb of Chu of the Dragon Club of Jingzhou，More than 300 bamboo slips unearthed。Qin Jian，Hunan Longshanliye No. 1，More than 38,000 Jane Earlier in 2002，About 17,000 strokes in them。Most of its content is the Qin Dynasty Qianling County Ting County Ting and Dongting County Government and Subordinates、The letter and book of the three townships、Rune Voucher。2005，51 Jane in the Pit 11 Pit Hang 11 of the Ancient City of Roya Ancient City，Household version of the Qin Dynasty。2013，Yiyang Rabbit Mountain unearthed Qinhan Jane，Among them, there is a stem of Qin II in the No. 9。Han Jin Jianyu found the most，Among them, the large number is: the Hanjiapo Hanjie, Suizhou, who unearthed in 2000; the Jingzhou Yintai Hanjian and Huahai Bijia Beach Wei Jin Tomb in 2002; Jingxi Han Jianzhang and Wu Jian, three kingdoms of Suxianqiao, Chenzhou;、Tianchangan Lejizhuang No. 19 Western Han Tomb Wood、The site of the Guangzhou South Vietnam National Palace West Han Wood Slimum、Changsha East Tower East Han Jian and Suzhou Suxianqiao Western Jin Mujian; Yunmeng Sleeping Tiger No. 77 in Yunmeng Sleeping Tiger in 2007 and No. 1 Han Tomb of Xiejiaqiao, Jingzhou; No. Han Tomb Mujian; in 2010, the Eastern Han Dynasty was unearthed in May 1st Plaza in Changsha;，In the same year, Yiyang Rabbit Mountain Jianxianzhong two Han relics the most，Including the newly released Huidi period of the Emperor's Emperor Muki; in 2015, more than 5,000 Jane Earlier of the Tomb of the Western Han Dynasty in Nanchang, Jiangxi，There are Confucian classics such as "Book of Songs", "Spring and Autumn", "The Analects", "The Classics of Filialism"; discovered from 2018-2019 Excavation of Jingzhou Hujia Prairus No. 12 Han Tomb，More than 4600 Jianxian。

During this period，There are also many batch of important streams of streams.，Such as the Shanghai Museum 1999、Tsinghua University 2008、Anhui University entered the Warring States Chu Book of the Warring States Period in 2015，Hunan University entered Tibet Qin Jian in 2007，Peking University entered Tibet and Han Jane in 2009、2010 Tibetan Qin Jian。

Jane 牍 Continue、Unearthed in large quantities，Constantly improving the sequence of this special literature，Enrich its category，Often in the same kind、Text of horizontal or vertical associations in the same documents，For literature、History research provides more space and more possibilities。

2，Jane Treasurer's special publication densely published。Since the 21st century，Jane's compilation of special publication is published, which is impressive。"Jiu Shop Chu Jian" (2000)、"Changsha Chu Tomb" (2000)、"Zhangjiashan Han Tomb Bamboo Slip [Tomb 247]" (2001)、"Jane Jane in the Chinese University of Hong Kong" (2001)、"New Cai Guling Chu Tomb" (2003)、"Changsha Ma Wangdui II、No. 3 Han Tomb · Volume 1 · Field Archeology Excavation Report "(2004)、"Ejin Han Slimon" (2005)、"Simple Han Tomb of Kongjiapo, Suizhou" (2006)、"Changsha East Tower East Han Jian" (2006)、"The British National Library Stan Dan Jian Jian Jian Jian Jian Jian Jian Jian" (2007)、"Tianshui Put Masan Qin Jian" (2009)、"Jiangling Phoenix Shanxi Hanjian" (2012)、"The Han Tomb No. 1 in Huxi Mountain No. 1" (2020)。Multi -volume published, such as "Shanghai Museum Collection of the Warring States Chu Zhushu" (since 2001)、"Tsinghua University Tibetan Warring States Bamboo Slip" 10 volumes (since 2010)、"Anhui University Tibetan Warring States Bamboo Slip" Volume 1 (2019)、"Liye Qin Jian" Volume bet365 live casino games 2 (since 2012)、"Yuelu Academy Tibetan Qin Jian" Volume 6 (since 2010)、"Shoulder Water Golden Guan Hanjian" Volume 5 (2011-2016)、"Peking University Tibetan Western Han Bamboo Book" 5 volumes (since 2012)、"Suspension Han Slim" Volume 1 (2019)、"Changsha Wuyi Plaza East Han Jian" Vol. 4 (since 2018)、"Changsha Walling Malaysia Three Kingdoms Wu Jian · Bamboo Slip" volume (since 2003)。

During this period，The results of the re -organized by Jian Jian are also very rich。For example, "Longgang Qin Jian" (2001)、"Two Years Laws and Play Books" (2007)、"Gansu Qin and Han Jian Ji Ji Interpretation" (2013-2020)、"The Collection of the Warring States Period of the Warring States Period" 4 volume (since 2011)、"Qin Jianyu Collection" 6 volumes (2014)、"Changsha Mawangdui Han Tomb Integrated" 7 Volume (2014)、"Juyan Hanjian" Volume 4 (since 2014)。

third，Professional collection and academic website rise。The Ancient Literature Research Office of the Cultural Relics Bureau of the Ministry of Culture (now the Chinese Cultural Heritage Research Institute) edited the "Research on Extraordinary Literature" in 1985，is the veteran of the unearthed literature collection。The Jane Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences edited "Jane Research"、The Department of History of Northwestern Normal University (now the School of History and Culture of Northwest Normal University) and other editing "Research on Jane Studies" was founded in 1997，The Literature and Ancient Chinese Character Research Center edited "Research on the Research on the Research on the Research on the Research of the Ancient Chinese characters"、Wuhan University Jane Research Center "Jane" was founded in 2006，The Research and Protection Center of Tsinghua University Earlier Edited "Outblowing Literature" was launched in 2010 (changed to a journal in 2020)。These collections can publish the text that academic journals are mostly adopted、Text test interpretation article，To promote Jane 牍、Research made unique contributions。

"Simple Research" network founded by Mr. Pang Pu in early 2000，and the follow -up Wuhan University "Bsm.org.cn"、The website of the Literature and Ancient Chinese Character Research Center of Fudan University (GWZ.Fudan.edu.cn)、Tsinghua University unearthed literature research and protection center website (CTWX.TSINGHUA.EDU.CN)，In terms of publishing academic papers and studying notes，Fast and timely，and continue to update，It is rare for general academic websites。

Fourth，New technology covered the whole process。The so -called full coverage，refers to exposing it from Jane、Clean up、Shrit、Protection、Take pictures to sort out、Each node of printing，All get new equipment、New technical support，to get higher quality simplified entities and their images，presented to the academic and society。

Jian Jian unearthed from the south has been buried underground for a long time，Various microorganisms、acid、Alkali、erosion of various factors such as salt and groundwater。Light after being unearthed、The effect of air，Turning into dark brown，It makes it difficult to recognize the handwriting。Targeting is a method of using chemistry，Structure of changing the color of the hair color，Let Jian Ye reply to the original color。Bamboo Slip, No. 25 Yangtianhu Tomb, July 1953 Excavation，Posted the photos of unsuccessful photos the following year，Published a clearer photo for oxalic acid in 1957。This is probably the early application of bamboo slips unearthed in my Bet365 app download country。Take off with oxalic acid to become the mainstream method for a long time。But the acidity of the oxalic acid is damaged with a large damage，There are serious anti -color phenomena after treatment。For the past 20 years，Cultural relics protection experts explore sodium sodium sulfate、Low -concentration of hydrogen peroxide method and other more effective methods。Jingzhou Cultural Relics Protection Center uses sodium sulfate，For Guo Dian Chujian、Liye Qin Jian、Yuelu Academy Tibetan Qin Jian、Huxi Mountain Han Jian、Kong Jiapo Hanjian、Magnatal Malaysia Wu Jian and other batches of Jane Treaty for treatment，A good effect is achieved。

Take pictures in Jane，It was applied in the early 20th century。In the last few decades，Conventional shooting equipment、Technical development，Digital cameras and infrared imaging equipment are continuously improved and promoted，Make Jianye academic circles a lot。Infrared can feel the ink that penetrates into the internal simplified，There are stains on the surface、Damage or ink fall off，Often can capture more information than regular photos。Juyanhan Jian stayed in Hong Kong，Researchers have used infrared negatives to add red filters to shoot the handwriting of unclear brief，The effect is not ideal。There are also attempts for Zeng Houyi tombs，The effect is not good。Japanese scholars earlier use infrared imaging equipment to shoot wooden brief。1990，The History Institute of the "Institute of Chinese Research" purchased a Canon infrared camera from Japan，Shooting Ju Yan Jian，Published in 1998, "Judanhan Simple Bud"。Fudan University developed infrared equipment，1995、In 1996, it was used for observation of Longgang Qin Jian and Yin Wan Hanjian。October 1995，Hong Kong Beishan Hall Foundation donated a set of infrared photography equipment to the Hubei Provincial Museum。2001，Wuhan University and Hubei Provincial Museum、Cooperation of Hubei Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archeology，It is used to shoot Chu Jian infrared image。2003、2009，Professor Kudo Monasomi of Waseda University and Professor Xia Hanyi at the University of Chicago、Professor Xia Dian successively presented the Japanese Ninatong -made infrared imaging system and Fuji digital infrared camera to Wuhan University's Jane Research Center，In Chu Jian、Qin Jian played an important role in the two Ministry of Education's research project。In recent years，Many research institutions purchased infrared scanners or infrared cameras，Infrared equipment is getting more and more common in the acquisition of Jianye images。For Zhangjiashan Hanjian，Mr. Li Xueqin pointed out: "The underground storage status is not as good as Qin Jian, the tomb 11 of Yunmeng Sleeping Tiger Di, which is not like a similar nature，Photography encounters a lot of difficulties。Because the handwriting is a bit unclear，More recognition of test interpretation causes various obstacles。In particular, several key words，The glyph is blurred in a ball，It is still difficult to confirm every every effort。"In the" Two Years Laws and Play Books "using infrared images，The definition of the handwriting has many significant improvements。

Fifth，A variety of fund support。Due to the enhancement of national financial resources，Simplified category sorting、Publishing project，Have the opportunity to get support from various research or publishing funds，This can be successfully completed and published bet365 Play online games at high quality。The newly launched ancient text and the development of the inheritance of Chinese civilization，I believe it will be the development of the discipline of Jane，Create more stable、Reliable environment。

　Take into account quality and efficiency  Strengthen the construction of interdisciplinary

"China Social Sciences": as a member of the expert committee of the ancient text and the inheritance of Chinese civilization,，Please talk about the problems facing the development of Jian Ji Xue and how to promote the development of Jianxue in the new era?

Chen Wei:Jane Jianjian Special Issue listed above，Some from unearthed or entered Tibet to sort out、Published，It only took a few years，Show quite high work efficiency。A contrast to this is，Some important Jane Simpan information，Discovery unearthed for decades still has no system records。These precious information can not be available，Delayed the research process。More importantly，With the time of transit，Some information and records may lose or even damage，Cause irreparable losses。

The quality of the pursuit of record results，Of course it should be the work goals of all the simple tidalists。but but，We must also see it clearly，An unearthed literature with rich connotation，All will have a longer time after the original information is announced、Discussion process from more scholars，In this way, it can reach a higher level in text recovery and interpretation，Form a general consensus。Dynasties of the Warring States Period Qin and Han Jianyu，Due to text recognition、、Difficulty in editing，Especially for this。The kind of desire or expectation of the best of the first battle，Is very unrealistic。In the past, he lived in Yanhan Jian、Baoshan Chujian、Discussion by Guo store Chu Jian，It has proved this。For the present for Qingqing、Yuelu Qin Jian、Discussion by Qin Jian, Liye，Still continuing to give new evidence。Interpretation of the first recorded，Different knowledge and consumer skills due to the organizer，It is true that there is a difference，But when it comes to "fixed", it is impossible。can provide informative excavations、Cleaning the records and as clear as possible，Edit、The interpretation is roughly correct，It should be called "good book"。

As the knowledge of the Qin, Qin, Han, Wei and Jin period、The main carrier of information，Jane's literature almost involves all aspects of society at that time。Organization of general classics，Learning in Jane、In addition to the literacy of text，It also needs enough literature reading and knowledge preparation。Literature for special fields，For example, law、Economy、Military，and even arithmetic、Medicine、astronomy、Calendar，It should also strengthen relevant aspects of learning，or cooperate with scholars in related majors to advance。In this sense，Interdisciplinary homework can be said to be the inherent requirements of Jian Ji Xue。

Guodian Jian "Sex Fate" 34、No. 35 Jane has a paragraph，The "Guo store Chu Tomb Bamboo Slip" published in 1998 has a few words that cannot be released，No comment is given in content。Mr. Pang Pu, the historian of the ideological historian，Published in the 4th issue of "History Research" in 1998 published a paper entitled "First Reading Guo Dian Chujian"。He wrote: "After I read it twice，I found some places that are the same as the handed down literature，Because I have not surveyed each other，Then there is no knowledge、Misunderstanding、Error connection and other situations occur，To be corrected。"The second example he gives，is "Sexual bet365 live casino games Fate" No. 34、No. 35 Jane。Mr. Pang Pu pointed out: "This paragraph of text，and "Book of Rites and Tan Gong" a passage of the sub -talked ritual is very similar，Sub -lobbying: ‘People are happy to be Stepot，Tao Siyong，Yongsan，Judas Dance，Dance Sisi，愠，Qis Sigh，Sigh，Pian Si。Pinjo，Si Zhizhi。'Ziyou this paragraph，It has always been very puzzled。Because it originally answered ‘Mourning’，But start with ‘people’ s joy ’，One ring one ring，Finally to the end of the sadness。... plus the version different，Sentences are different，So no one can figure out the accurate meaning of this paragraph。It's okay now，We combine the literature and cultural relics to see，I really saw a pair of beautiful scenes: words that do not know on the bamboo slips，You can know it immediately;，Suddenly it suddenly runs through。The bottom of their background，Probably like this: ‘Kisota，Tao Si Fen，Feni Yong，Yong Si (shake)，猷 (shake) Sri Ling。Dance，End of Hi Zhi。愠，worrying，Qis Sigh，Sighing Tail，Fuzzuo。，愠。'"Mr. Pang also explained the word" Dance "and" Fu "in Jian Wen，Then said, "Other‘ Qi ’,‘ Sigh ’’ ‘踊’，Refer to the literature，It can be recognized naturally。”

Coper for the book of "Guo Dian Chu Tomb Bamboo Slip"，Mr. Qiu Xigui published the article "Civilization and Classical" seminar held in Tokyo in March 2000 in Tokyo (the question that should be paid attention to in Chinese classical reconstruction "(published in the" Journal of the Chinese Ancient Literature Research Center of Peking University (2) "，Beijing Yanshan Publishing House, 2001 edition;，Fudan University Press, 2012)，Rigidity to this、Canting response。Mr. Qiu said: "Several scholars have pointed out，"Book of Rites · Tan Gong" recorded in the sub -tuning words，If it is generally the same as the introduction of the above quotation ... Compare the article "The Book of Rites" with the "Book of Rites"，You can know: Jian Wen ‘’should be read as‘ dance ’。... I doubt the word "迮" in "Guo Jian"，Complete error。It is determined to be ‘'The words should be released as ‘Qi’。‘Qi’ ‘Qi’ Guantong。‘戁’ read as ‘sigh’，‘Tong’ read as ‘踊’。"Mr. Qiu thought about it:" If you don't know, you can compare with the ancient books of the handed down，It is very likely to make mistakes that should not have when reading。We are not familiar with ancient books，Writing、The retrieval time is not spent enough when reviewing "Guo Jian"，A lot of such errors are committed。”

Discussion by two university scholars，Teach us a lot for us。Sortoring in Jane、Research on the use of cross -disciplinary thinking and methods，Equally enlightenment。

■Unearthed more than 38,000 pieces of Jianlongli, Hunan, Hunan Lijia site。