The Dunhuang scriptures are not recorded in the documents handed down from ancient times，Only the manuscripts and records of Buddhist sermons preserved in the Sutra Cave of Mogao Grottoes，In the form of combining rhyme and prose，Lecture and sing popular Buddhist classics for the people，Belongs to an emerging literary genre of speaking and singing。Its discovery and research，Complete the history of Chinese popular literature、Blank in the history of Chinese literature，It is a concrete manifestation bet365 withdrawal changes in ancient Indian Buddhist teaching tradition in China，It is also a witness to the prosperity of folk lecture culture in the Tang and Five Dynasties，It is a typical representative of East Asian preaching literature。

"Teaching scriptures" belongs to the broad sense of "bianwen"，The compiled version is included in the "Bian Anthology"。1924，Three kinds of "Dunhuang Buddhist songs" compiled by Luo Zhenyu's "Dunhuang Shiling" (actually "Conquering Demons", "Vimalakīrti Sutra Lectures" and "Happy King's Fate")，The beginning bet365 withdrawal editing of Bianwen。There are currently 8 edited versions of Bianwen in academia，latest published、The one with the most complete collection is undoubtedly Huang Zheng、Zhang Yongquan's "Annotation of Dunhuang Bianwen" (1997)，21 sermons in total。In the past twenty or thirty years，Basically all the Dunhuang scrolls collected around the world have been photocopied and published，In particular, the gradual announcement bet365 withdrawal International Dunhuang Project (IDP) color plates，Provide us with more high-quality color plates。Comments on "The Complete Works of Dunhuang Bianwen"、Compilation and research，This is also the best time。November 2014，Professor Xiang Chu、The "Complete Collection of Dunhuang Bianwen" project bet365 withdrawal National Social Science Fund hosted by Professor Zhang Yongquan was established，The goal is to add a complete collection of articles for the academic community、Accurate recording、The true "Complete Collection of Dunhuang Bianwen" with detailed annotations。According to incomplete statistics，There are now more than a hundred Bianwen manuscripts to be added。

As of May 2021，Academia、New discovery bet365 withdrawal project team、A total of 11 newly confirmed sermons，The total number of articles increased from the old 21 to 32，A total of 46 manuscripts、More than 500,000 words of transcript。These new articles、New manuscripts of old articles and related documents，Study that prompts scripture preaching，Inspection of individual articles from the past "treasure digging" style，Transforming into the current comprehensive research。Mainly reflected in the following three aspects。

　　More accurate and complete organization of bet365 withdrawal texts

New manuscripts of these new chapters and old chapters，Enriched the original documents compiled for teaching bet365 withdrawal，Mainly reflected in two aspects。

The first is to comprehensively investigate the bet365 withdrawal and writings in the Dunhuang posthumous documents，Improve text integrity by concatenating fragments，Conducive to later organization、Huizhu、More complete collection of materials。For example, Professor Zhang Yongquan has collected the fragments of Sri Lanka No. 8167，Combined with the old Sri Lankan 4571 "Vimalakīrti Sutra Lectures"，Complete the original missing content of nearly 17 lines。Another example is Zhang Xinpeng’s discovery of Odun No. 11862、Odun 10734 Fragment，With the known Odun No. 11862、Odun No. 10734 "Ullambana Sutra Lectures"，Tear belonging to the same writing volume，Qie'edun No. 11862、Odun No. 12642 can be directly conjugated。It is based on this that we can determine whether these four fragments are related to Taitu No. 32，Copied from two "Obon Sutra Lectures" written in different styles。

The second is 11 new sermons，Perfected the name of "Dunhuang Lectures"，Also added two different sermon text types。Wang Chongmin、Pan Chonggui、Hirano Akira and other former sages，Zeng based on the sermons that were available at the time，Summarize its text form as "verse + prose + verse"，This is since the 1980s，Important criteria for academic circles to judge scripture teaching。Typical among the new articles，Rushou Bozang 32.No. 536 Memorize "The Buddha Speaks bet365 withdrawal Tathagata's Eight Phases of Enlightenment Sutra"、Job No. 2459 memorizes "Buddha’s Collection of Sutras and Lectures on Sutras", which adds two different types of texts to the sutras，The order is "Main Lecture Content + Prose + Verse" "Prose + Verse"。These new articles，Opened up a research field for teaching scriptures，It can better demonstrate its unique attributes as a medieval speaking and singing literary work。

Microfilm bet365 withdrawal basis for organizing early lectures on scriptures、Photocopying black and white plates, etc.，It is impossible to fully display the various ink pen annotation symbols attached to the scroll，This results in occasional omissions in details in the proofreading text、Omission。Collected by our project team、The purchased sermon picture plates (46 pieces) are all high-definition color pictures，Improved the accuracy of text proofreading and annotation，To fully explain the information contained in read and write volumes、In-depth understanding of text, etc.，Laid the foundation。

　　bet365 withdrawal on scripture text by category and level

Speaking bet365 withdrawal is different from traditional literary works，It was produced during Buddhist secular lecture activities，Lecture notes prepared in advance by existing lay lecturers，There are also notes copied by the audience，There are also many texts copied by beginners，Therefore，Lectures on Scripture even if the text type is the same，The writing styles are also different。Existing 32 sermons，Explained 12 Buddhist bet365 withdrawal in total，6 of them contain at least two chapters each (26 chapters in total)。We list all sermons from the same Buddhist scripture，While looking at it as a whole，Carry out detailed research on each article，Not only is it a key breakthrough in the study of scripture texts at this stage，It is also a typical example of deconstructing the situation of folk customs in the Tang and Five Dynasties in preaching and writing bet365 withdrawal。

There are many existing chapters bet365 withdrawal same Buddhist scriptures，Such as "Vimalakīrti Sutra Lectures on Sutras" 8 articles、7 chapters of "The Lotus Sutra"、"Amitabha Sutra" 5 articles, etc.。"Vimalakīrti Sutra Lectures on Sutras" is composed bet365 withdrawal form of "Sutra + Prose + Verse"，But its writing style is quite distinctive，Can be divided into four types: 1.Exchange Note，Si 4571+S 8169 "Vimalakīrti Sutra Lectures" focuses on "Buddha's Country Products" before Baoji and the five hundred elders' sons offered the seven-jewel cover to the Buddha，The explanatory part bet365 withdrawal prose explains the key verses in the form of notes，More than 10 kinds of citations and commentaries on scriptures，Close to the form of Buddhist scriptures，Plain language、Not very literary。2.Elaboration and deduction，Do not cite scriptures or commentaries when writing prose，Promote the storyline through dialogue between characters in the sutra，Total 4 articles，Oph 252、Bur number 2292、Bur number 3079、Oph No. 101。Oph No. 101 performs the story of Baoji and the five hundred elders’ sons offering the seven-jewel cover to the Buddha in “Buddha’s Country”，Narrate in the form of dialogue that Vimalakirti Vimalakia persuaded Bodhisattva Baoji and others to give up pleasure，The story of going to Viyali to listen to the Dharma，Such as "Layman praises Buddha、Layman scolds Baoji、The treasure accumulation of layman’s words、Baoji told the layman..."3.Lecture the scriptures directly or indirectly，The explanatory content bet365 withdrawal prose No. 3872 often quotes or uses the corresponding parts bet365 withdrawal Sutra of Vimalakīrti to explain the meaning。4.Buddhist Sutra Commentary Style，Prose narratives often refer to relevant commentaries on the Vimalakīrti Sutra，Two articles in total，The original version of Zhensongtang、Beidun No. 15245，These two writings are two consecutive manuscripts bet365 withdrawal same sermon，Although the copyists are different，Dan Bu Chapter Plan，They are all deeply influenced by Tang Daoye's "Jingming Sutra Collection"。Enough to explain，The authorship of these four different types of "Vimalakirti Sutra"、Tell us about the occasion、Audience level of education、Different sources of materials, etc.。

We subdivide the sermon text bet365 withdrawal same Buddhist scripture，This is the entry point to explore the writing situation of these popular texts，It also examines the author’s academic level、Literary accomplishment，And secular occasions、Objective conditions for information such as audience identity，It also talks about the stages of scripture research from text proofreading and textual textual research，Towards wholeness、The inevitable trend of comprehensive research。

　Comprehensive study of scripture preaching bet365 withdrawal multiple perspectives

Comprehensive collection of color plates for teaching bet365 withdrawal、Based on accurate text organization and classification interpretation，Comprehensive Bible Study，Mainly from the following four aspects。

First, the tracing bet365 withdrawal generation process of scriptures。Dunhuang Lectures are a periodic achievement bet365 withdrawal accumulation of Chinese Buddhist popular sermon texts，It is closely related to the teachings of monks in Chinese monasteries，The text bet365 withdrawal lectures by the monks in the temple also draws on the style or techniques bet365 withdrawal ancient Indian Buddha's sermons and his disciples。Therefore，When we examine the evolution of this kind of popular literature that specializes in explaining Buddhist scriptures，It must be discussed within the general laws bet365 withdrawal development of Chinese Buddhist preaching culture and the historical environment bet365 withdrawal Sinicization of Buddhism。

The second is the interpretation of musical attributes of scriptures。Talking about scriptures is a popular literary work about singing and singing among the people in the Tang and Five Dynasties，It is in the mage、It is said that the two formed it during the performance process of going back and forth while talking and singing，Belongs to the research scope of Chinese music literature and Buddhist music literature。The chanting and melodies bet365 withdrawal scriptures are complex and diverse，According to incomplete statistics, there are nearly 20 kinds of musical symbols marked with Chinese characters。We take the musical symbols bet365 withdrawal scriptures as the main research object，Yibianwen、Musical symbols in Buddhist fasting ritual texts as auxiliary materials，In order to build on the research of previous sages，Correctly interpret the meaning of these chanting symbols。

The third is the classification and interpretation bet365 withdrawal connotation of scripture text。When talking about the creation of scriptures, the explanation bet365 withdrawal meaning bet365 withdrawal scriptures and the exhortation of believers to practice good deeds are equally important，The connotation of its text has already surpassed the meaning of preaching Buddhist scriptures，Therefore, it drew on various cultural elements that were popular among the people at that time，Mainly divided into four categories: 1.Confucian classics；2.Children’s books；3.Historical story；4.Ancient allusions, etc.。Our systematic interpretation of these cultural symbols，is an important direction for in-depth research。

The fourth is a comparative study of Dunhuang Buddhist, Taoist and secular culture。Academic and secular lecture ceremony、Study of secular bet365 withdrawal，Like two parallel lines，Independent Parallel。The author discovered the Buddhist culture when compiling and annotating Taoist bet365 withdrawal、Traces of influence from Buddhist secular rituals，Very obvious。Therefore，It is necessary to use the literature comparison method，Clear the relationship between the two，Highlighting the influence of Buddhist secular culture。

Dunhuang Lectures are the only popular Buddhist sermon texts bet365 withdrawal Tang and Five Dynasties that exist in the Mogao Grottoes，Is the source of various rap literary genres since the Song and Yuan Dynasties，Playing the role of carrying forward the past and ushering in the future in the history of literature。We comprehensively organize and systematically elucidate the scriptures，I hope it can be fully affirmed in the history of Chinese popular literature、The value and status bet365 withdrawal history of Chinese Buddhist literature and even the entire history of Chinese literature。simultaneously，Research on other Dunhuang literary works of different genres，Provide a new paradigm for reference。

(This article is part bet365 withdrawal National Social Science Foundation’s major project “The Complete Collection of Dunhuang Bianwen” (14ZDB095)、The unpopular secret project "Collection of Dunhuang Fragments" (20VJXT012) phased results)

(Author’s unit: Institute of bet365 withdrawal Popular Culture, Sichuan University)