Chinese traditional handicraft is an important part of the excellent traditional culture of China。In long -term labor practice，People have accumulated rich experience and knowledge，and increase experience into theory，Forms a broad and profound、Chinese traditional technical system。In this process，Out of cognition、The needs of communication and communication，People have created a large number of description crafts、Working、Tools、Material、Professional terms in the form of finished products，They played an important role in the inheritance and continuity of traditional handicrafts。

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Traditional handmade arts are stored in the book、class book、Special Books and other ancient and modern books，After a certain degree of collation and specifications;、Tips，People are used daily without knowing，Xi Yan but not inspect。They show many common features。

First is practical。Handmade art is produced in people's long -term production and life practice，Its essence is to carry the maximum information with the minimum amount of words，Avoid the significance loss in communication; on the other hand, it is to indicate a certain determined understanding path，Avoid the solution and ambiguity in spread。Fight with practicality、Expressions that have been fixed after a long -term evolution，Often show high generalization，Let people understand its direction as soon as it is heard。Some terms point to the most accurate meaning in a straight and near way，For example, "Tang Liu Dian" records traditional gold industry skills: "There are 14 kinds of gold，Sales Gold、Said Gold、Said gold plating、Weaving Gold、Said、Yue Gold、Said mud gold、Said Gold、Jianjin Gold、戗 戗、Circle Gold、Put gold、Wet gold、Wrapped gold。"Fourteen verbs of verbs are clear and simple，Precise positioning and distinction of different processes。Some terms are full of poetry，Create a rich imagination space Bet365 app download by creating a sense of picture，"jump" to realize semantics，For example, Longquan celadon has a skill，Artisan tires intend to make several raised ridgeles，Not easy to hang glaze，After firing, the color is slightly lighter than other places，Forms a unique artistic contrast effect，Known as "out of gluten"。This expression is very image，The listener thinks of the appearance of human tendon and pulse，You can understand where the essence is at once。Another example is the blue and white glaze fired by the artisans in Jingdezhen during the Northern Song Dynasty，Its glaze color is between blue and white，The shadow change of the deep and shallow strokes，Fun Hengsheng，Commonly known as "Shadow Qing"，The word "shadow" vividly reflects the aesthetics of turbulence。

Handmade arts as a tool for daily communication and communication，It also shows flexibility。The characteristics of daily term expressions are flexible and changeable，Do it with it，Therefore, the nameless method，A term often constantly updates and changes during the development process，Generate a lot of equivalent or similar concepts。"Tiantong Kaiwan" once recorded: "Everyone in cotton cloth has，Weaving Shang Songjiang，Bein Dye Shangwu Lake。Fanjie tightness is backbone，Slow。Getting stone is cold and greasy from the north of the river。Stone does not have a fever，。"In order to make the fabric more tight and shiny，People crushed with boulders，Turning up on both sides of the boulder，Light concave，Standing on the stone when using it，Both feet stepped on the two sides of the ups and downs。Many stones are called many，Start from the appearance，Because it looks like Yuanbao，Known as "ingot"，Because of its two wings, it looks like Feiyan，Known as "Feiyan Stone"。Starting from usage，Craftsman to step on the cloth，It is called "stepping on cloth stones" or "slam cloth stone"。Starting from its role，The cloth Yingrun is shiny after stepped，Therefore, it is also called "砑 砑"。These names cut in from various angles，But they all point to a thing of the same thing，Each title can achieve the meaning effect，Fully Bet365 app download reflects the flexible and vivid characteristics of handmade art，Similar situations are very common in traditional handicrafts。

In addition，Handmade art once formed and fixes it，Often show strong stability。Flexibility and stability seem to be contradictory，In fact, it is not the same。As long as a process has no revolutionary change，So various professional terms around this process often tend to stabilize，But under a stable concept kernel，People will follow the times、Region、Change of the situation，Constantly create a variety of fresh expression methods。It can be said，The tension between flexibility and stability，Make Chinese traditional handmade articles formed a set of relatively unified、Active discourse system，Promote this set of words and constantly seek new changes，Coordinate people’s production and life experience。For example，The term "tenon -and -mortise" in traditional Chinese wood works has appeared in the Song Dynasty，"Construction French" has listed all kinds of tenon -and -mortise types，"Two Terminal Restaurant" also records: "，on tenon also。Tyrannial and tenon round is round，Tenon and tenon squares。"" Tyrannosaus and tenon "is used to modernize after the generation is generated to modern times，until today，Tyrannosaurus skills are still widely used in various types of construction activities，on and tenon and a series of related arts terms are still used by people，This is the embodiment of the stability of traditional handmade writing。

　　The excavation and sorting of traditional handmade writing 

Chinese traditional handicraft professional terms are a wealthy cultural treasure house，Among them, it contains the life interest and excellent wisdom of the Chinese nation。But for a long time，These professional terms are mostly presented as "free" or "scattered" state，You need to expand and organize systems from an academic perspective，Building a bridge between practical experience and theoretical system。This job has already begun for a long time。"Zhou Li · Kao Gong Ji" said: "Everyone who attacked Wood Seven，Gong Gong 6，Gong of the Skin Five，Sworked Gong 5，Workers Five，Gongzhu Gong 2。"This is the class of handicrafts Bet365 app download from the material，Records their standardized process。"Book of Rites · Qu Li" said: "Six Gongzi of the Emperor，Said geland worker、Gold Gong、Stoneman、Woodwork、Aliberrodia、Mortarist，Code Six Materials。"This is to incorporate all handicrafts into a overall knowledge system，to compare and sort out their respective characteristics。"Tiantong Kaiwu" distinguishes the door category such as "Nai Guan", "Chang Shi", "Tao Yan", "Flashing", "Boat", "Hammer", "Hardware", "Pearl Yu" and other categories，Detailed introduced the raw materials of various handicraft industries、Tools、Technology、Production process, etc.。

In addition，Later generations are still on the basis of these traditional craftsmanships，Created a lot of injection and interpretation，Explain the specific process to the reader in the form of graphic and text、Process，Details information of indicating famous terms。Song Rulin Xiyi made "Examinations"，Qing Ru Dai Zhen's "Examinations"，Ruan Yuan's "Examination of Gongji Car"，and "Tiantong Kaifu" and "Create French" and other books itself has a lot of illustrations，The author is based on field survey，Perform some complicated and difficult terms。These images intuitively present distant ancient skills，3847_3861，Celeze at a glance。

The above classics retain precious literature materials，It has an important reference value for our study of traditional handmade art。but but，They produced in their respective historical times，It's far away today，Difficulties in understanding。The scale of its literature is also relatively limited，After a long historical development，The discourse system of traditional handicrafts has changed at any time，I have accumulated richer thoughts、Knowledge and experience，This also requires us，Expand traditional handicrafts to expand more systematic finishing and interpretation。

　　Where is the research of traditional handmade artistic term 

For the past century，Under the concept of modern disciplines such as "art", "arts and crafts" or "design"，There are already some dictionary forms of comprehensive or sub -term research results。These achievements are the ideological reference Bet365 lotto review and work foundation of further research。But，Overall，Research on Terms of Traditional Chinese Handicrafts，There are still many problems that need to be solved，This also leaves room for further research。

The existing term research results are affected by Western art morphology，Attribution positioning、Class sorting out and even the meaning to interpret many aspects，It has not clearly showed an interpretation consciousness based on the Chinese cultural position。Research on similar or similar research involving Chinese traditional handicrafts，Mostly reflects the structural and dominant impact of Western art theory，Even in terms of terms, it is inevitable that there is a problem that is unconvinced of soil and water，It is difficult to support the construction of the Chinese cultural discourse system。Therefore，Research on traditional handmade writing should be based on the cultural position of the Chinese nation。

Chinese traditional handicraft is a cultural expression form based on manual production methods，The new cultural expression form that is gradually formed and developed on the basis of industrial production methods -design art，Although there are practical value appeals，But know the starting point、Humanities、Structural principle、Phase form、morphological features、Value composition and other aspects are significantly different。Disciplinary consciousness and systems and provisions limited to more currently reflecting industrialization requirements，​​The grasp and interpretation of the handicraft arts often interweave、entanglement or mixing with design art knowledge，It is difficult to clearly present its unique meaning in the manual production method and the context of the Chinese cultural context。Based on the above situation，Traditional handmade artistic research should adhere to handmade production standard。

Most of the traditional Chinese handicrafts are manifested in the oral form of the handicraft industry，It is the most vivid Chinese traditional handmade art、Most practical，It is also the most abundant、The most precious component。The existing term research is sufficient for the study of the classics，The attention of these "living culture" is seriously Bet365 app download insufficient，And this is exactly the national non -heritage protection work and national development practice specially attach great importance to、Where the "Intangible" ingredients and active factors that strive to promote。This prompts us，Research on traditional handmade arts should pay attention to oral form。

Traditional Chinese handmade writing is based on the traditional Chinese handicraft practice system，It is bound to reflect this basic systemicity，and manifested as Boda、Complex、Deep concept cluster。Therefore，You need to comprehensively make it comprehensive、System of the system，Make it whole、Organic appearance and meaning associated。In this regard,，The current research seems to be scattered、Independent，Lack of organic connections and logic photos between various categories，Some gate categories have a lot of research results，but not unified the concept system of the entire traditional handicraft，It is inevitable or too personal。This also requires us to pay more attention to the systemicity and integrity of research。

In short，System Studies on Traditional Handicraft Writing，The fundamental purpose is to form based on the position of Chinese cultural position、Systematic term interpretation of Chinese practice with Chinese thought，​​Lay the knowledge framework and semantic foundation for the construction of the Chinese handicraft system，Promote the standardized construction of the Chinese handicraft discipline system and academic system，Reinforcement of narrative power of Chinese handicraft discourse。This requires us to comprehensively collect and sort out literature records related to traditional handicrafts，On the other hand, in -depth handicraft production link，Clear the inside of the related terms through a solid field inspection。Modern handmade artistic research has already been more diverse ways，We can use the image、Video and text introduction correspondence，make the interpretation content clearer and rich; you can use data analysis methods，Incorporate the huge handmade arts into the knowledge map; you can also use the data integration method to build the term database，bet365 Play online games Forming a Chinese traditional handmade artistic term application system，Sustainability of realization of data literature、Expansion use。Traditional Chinese handicrafts are not only the past "fossils"，but passed down from generation to generation、赓 The lifestyle that continues to this day，The cultural gene of the Chinese nation is retained in the meantime、Value orientation and core concepts。If you want to realize the return of traditional handicraft，The collation of the term system is the basic work that needs to be carried out today。

　 (The author is the director of the Institute of Folk Art of the Chinese Academy of Fine Arts、Researcher at the Chinese Academy of Arts; Professor of the School of Handics of Chinese Academy of Fine Arts)