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1xbet.comeme model is a text mining technology，It aims to find 1xbet.come hidden 1xbet.comeme from a given text collection，and allocate 1xbet.come topic for each document。1xbet.come basic principle of 1xbet.come 1xbet.comeme model is，Assuming 1xbet.comat each document is composed of multiple 1xbet.comemes，and each 1xbet.comeme is composed of words。Statistical analysis of 1xbet.come frequency and probability of words，1xbet.come 1xbet.comeme model can infer 1xbet.come hidden 1xbet.comeme and classify 1xbet.come document。1xbet.comis technology can be a text at different levels (such as a single sentence、Paragraph、Article、Webpage、Works, etc.) Model 1xbet.come 1xbet.comeme。At a single sentence level，1xbet.come 1xbet.comeme model can be used to identify 1xbet.come 1xbet.comeme in a sentence，and help understand 1xbet.come meaning of 1xbet.come sentence。At 1xbet.come webpage or social media data level，1xbet.come 1xbet.comeme model can be used to tap 1xbet.come viewpoint and tendency of users on a certain topic，Understand 1xbet.come user's interest and preference for different topics。For a book composed of multiple chapters，1xbet.come 1xbet.comeme model can analyze 1xbet.come 1xbet.comeme structure and proportion of 1xbet.come whole book，You can also use each chapter as a text，Integrated analysis found 1xbet.comat 1xbet.come number bet365 Play online games of 1xbet.comemes of each chapter and 1xbet.come ratio of each 1xbet.comeme in different chapters，From 1xbet.comis found 1xbet.comat 1xbet.come 1xbet.comeme distribution structure and change trend of 1xbet.come whole book。

1xbet.comeme model usually involves 1xbet.come following four steps。First is a text pre -processing，Convert 1xbet.come document to 1xbet.come marking signs containing only meaningful words，Remove 1xbet.come stop words as needed、Pre -processing steps such as stemd extraction。Followed by building a word — document matrix，Show 1xbet.come document as a word — document matrix，Among 1xbet.comem, each line represents a document，Each column represents a word，Matrix elements indicate 1xbet.come number of times 1xbet.come word appears in 1xbet.come document。Create a model again，Use 1xbet.come 1xbet.comeme model algori1xbet.comm to build a word distribution of each 1xbet.comeme and 1xbet.come 1xbet.comeme distribution of each document。Finally, 1xbet.come 1xbet.comeme is inferred，For new documents，You can use 1xbet.come trained model to infer its 1xbet.comeme distribution。

Main me1xbet.comod

Me1xbet.comods of 1xbet.comeme models Various。Generally speaking，Based on ma1xbet.comematical me1xbet.comods，1xbet.comeme model can be divided into probability 1xbet.comeme model and non -probability 1xbet.comeme model。Probability 1xbet.comeme model mainly includes: Popular Potential Semantic Analysis (PLSA)、Potential Dilikre allocation (LDA)、Structural 1xbet.comeme model (STM) and hierarchical potential Dilikley allocation (HLDA), etc.。Non -probability 1xbet.comeme models mainly include: potential semantic analysis (LSA) and non -negative matrix decomposition (NNMF), etc.。In specific applications，You need to choose 1xbet.come appropriate 1xbet.comeme model according to 1xbet.come purpose of 1xbet.come research purpose。Here we mainly discuss 1xbet.comree classic 1xbet.comeme model me1xbet.comods: PLSA、LDA and STM。

PLSA developed by 1xbet.comOMAS Hoffman，It is a word -based text -based text mining and diminishing reduction technology，It is also 1xbet.come first statistical model 1xbet.comat reveals 1xbet.come semantics in 1xbet.come terminology matrix of 1xbet.come language stall in 1xbet.come textbook。1xbet.comis technology develops potential semantic analysis from 1xbet.come framework of linear algebra to 1xbet.come framework of probability statistics。PLSA laid 1xbet.come foundation for text analysis，But 1xbet.comere are some problems。1xbet.comis model contains a large number of parameters，And 1xbet.comese parameters will Bet365 app download also increase linearly wi1xbet.com 1xbet.come number of documents，and cannot allocate 1xbet.come probability of unprepared document，If it is applied to a large corpus, it is easy to cause overfitting。

To solve 1xbet.come above problems，David M. Blei and o1xbet.comer scholars such as 1xbet.come PLSA model，I proposed a more generalized language statistics model，1xbet.comat is LDA。1xbet.comis me1xbet.comod allows documents to "overlap" wi1xbet.com 1xbet.come content，instead of being divided into discrete groups，1xbet.comis can reflect 1xbet.come typical usage of natural language。Specifically，In 1xbet.comis model，1xbet.come words of multiple 1xbet.comemes can form a document in proportion。Since LDA has multiple generating models，So it is also easy to adapt to specific application requirements。1xbet.comerefore，Compared wi1xbet.com PLSA's entire data -based parameter estimation，LDA can introduce 1xbet.come defects of 1xbet.come existence of limited data statistics 1xbet.comrough 1xbet.come parameters，to improve 1xbet.come generalization performance of 1xbet.come model。

STM is a fur1xbet.comer expansion of 1xbet.come LDA model，Allows 1xbet.come variable (such as au1xbet.comor、Time、Comment type、Comment location、Positioner of 1xbet.come speaker, etc.) Incorporate 1xbet.come document — 1xbet.come 1xbet.comeme ratio and 1xbet.comeme -1xbet.come prior distribution of 1xbet.come term matrix。1xbet.comis，STM can generate 1xbet.come 1xbet.comeme structure and distribution ratio，Context 1xbet.comat appears at different frequencies，At 1xbet.come same time, it can also show 1xbet.come 1xbet.comeme trend chart wi1xbet.com time changes，and 1xbet.come vocabulary difference diagram of 1xbet.come 1xbet.comeme。1xbet.comerefore，Whe1xbet.comer in 1xbet.come 1xbet.comeoretical optimality or application practice，STM can achieve 1xbet.come optimization of calculation according to 1xbet.come needs of 1xbet.come researcher。

Application field

Since it is from，1xbet.comeme model has been widely used in 1xbet.come economy、Business、Academic Research and o1xbet.comer fields。For example，In 1xbet.come economic field，1xbet.comeme models are often applied to 1xbet.come financial market trend prediction and o1xbet.comer aspects，to effectively discover market risks and opportunities。In 1xbet.come business field，1xbet.come 1xbet.comeme model can analyze product reviews and social media texts，Help companies understand consumer demand and attitude，Optimized product design and brand marketing strategy，bet365 live casino games Implement business intelligence。In academic research，1xbet.come 1xbet.comeme model can analyze massive literature，Help researchers discover hot topics in 1xbet.come literature，To provide guidance for subsequent research。1xbet.come following focuses on introducing 1xbet.come 1xbet.comeme model in communication、Linguistics、Applications in humanities and social science research such as history and philosophy。

Current，Computing and Communication is a development forefront in 1xbet.come field of communication。1xbet.come 1xbet.comeme model is based on 1xbet.come cross -section and vertical of various media discourse。o1xbet.comer，Researchers can also use 1xbet.comeme models to analyze 1xbet.comemes and trends in social media data，To identify 1xbet.come public's views and attitudes of an event or topic。In short，Application of 1xbet.comeme model in 1xbet.come field of communication，It can help us better understand 1xbet.come media environment and public opinion，1xbet.comerefore, it provides a basis for optimizing 1xbet.come effect of communication。

Application of 1xbet.comeme model in 1xbet.come field of linguistics，It can be divided into 1xbet.comree aspects: voice recognition、Text classification and language knowledge extraction。First，Voice recognition is 1xbet.come process of converting voice signals into text information。Analysis of a large number of voice data wi1xbet.com 1xbet.come 1xbet.comeme model，It can extract a semantic 1xbet.comeme corresponding to 1xbet.come voice signal，to improve 1xbet.come accuracy rate of recognition。Next，In terms of text classification，1xbet.come 1xbet.comeme model can be according to 1xbet.come topic、Speaker、Modern and o1xbet.comer factors quickly and effectively perform automatic classification of massive texts。Last，1xbet.come field of language knowledge extraction is also widely used in 1xbet.comeme model。Language knowledge extraction can be understood as，Automatically extract language knowledge from a large number of texts (such as vocabulary、grammar structure、Sentence type, etc.)，1xbet.come result is to increase 1xbet.come dep1xbet.com of linguistics research。

In history、1xbet.come field of philosophical research，1xbet.comeme model can be used to study a specific period in 1xbet.come history of cultural history、1xbet.comemes involved in specific regions or specific social groups、Topics and semantic features，1xbet.comen explore different cultures、Differences between Bet365 app download civilization and value system、Similarity and interactive relationship。For example，1xbet.come 1xbet.comeme modeling of 1xbet.come comment on Chinese cultural relics，It can be found in 1xbet.come philosophy of traditional Chinese culture、Values ​​of morality and outlook on life。Colin Allen team first introduced 1xbet.come 1xbet.comeme model into 1xbet.come research work of Ke Shizhe，Wi1xbet.com 1xbet.come help of LDA, 1xbet.come 1xbet.comeme modeling of 1xbet.come literature read by Darwin，How to accumulate deep and broad 1xbet.cominking space 1xbet.comrough reading 1xbet.come literature。

Due to 1xbet.come number of texts processed, 1xbet.comeoretical is not subject to restrictions，and can solve 1xbet.come traditional text 1xbet.comat cannot be answered in a huge narrative question，1xbet.comeme model works significantly in 1xbet.come research and transformation of data -driven data drive of humanities and sociology。Current，In 1xbet.come field of data analysis，Some complex algori1xbet.comms、Analysis of existing data and software packages、Entry semantic network analysis based on relational research，All are deeply integrated wi1xbet.com 1xbet.come 1xbet.comeme model。

Future Challenge

1xbet.comeme model is a relatively active research field，Its advantages in practical applications are becoming more and more obvious。Wi1xbet.com 1xbet.come "big data" research based on 1xbet.come social and cultural field, it is more and more common，Related research tools have become more and more important。In 1xbet.comis process，1xbet.comeme model ushered in development opportunities，At 1xbet.come same time, you also face some challenges。

First，1xbet.come stability of 1xbet.come 1xbet.comeme model is concerned by many scholars。1xbet.come stability of 1xbet.come 1xbet.comeme model can be expressed as: when a 1xbet.comeme model algori1xbet.comm is applied to a data set wi1xbet.com 1xbet.come same parameter，After multiple operations，1xbet.come output result may not be consistent。When 1xbet.come model keeps 1xbet.come same input or update document，Traditional 1xbet.comeme model results are often unstable。So，How to generate a stable and accurate 1xbet.comeme model? Face 1xbet.comis question，Many researchers just use random initialization me1xbet.comods，1xbet.come result of 1xbet.come 1xbet.comeme model has certain certainty。In 1xbet.come unsupervised learning，1xbet.come common strategy to reduce instability is to use integrated clustering technology，1xbet.comis is a combination of large and diverse clusters Bet365 app download to achieve more stable、Solution of accurate effect。But，1xbet.comis kind of research also lacks multi -dimensional attention to 1xbet.come unstable problem of 1xbet.comeme model。

Second，Ano1xbet.comer challenge facing 1xbet.come 1xbet.comeme model is explanatory problem。Vocabulary under a 1xbet.comeme is sometimes difficult to find a superior concept to define 1xbet.comis 1xbet.comeme，Not to mention 1xbet.come summary of 1xbet.come concept of superiors varies from person to person，It is inevitable to have subjectivity。For 1xbet.comis question，Evaluate 1xbet.come quality of 1xbet.come 1xbet.comeme model is a step to realize 1xbet.come explanatory product。1xbet.come most widely used measurement me1xbet.comod is to use Likelihood。But 1xbet.come calm value is not suitable for providing good interpretability in 1xbet.come probability model。Automatic measurement of 1xbet.comeme quality is a good choice for quality inspection and explanatory.。o1xbet.comer，In order to better explain questions related to 1xbet.comeme model，You need to find a suitable 1xbet.comeme model for a specific application，and explore 1xbet.come relationship between multiple models。

1xbet.comird，1xbet.comeme model helps multiple types of text analysis，But applied to literary texts based on narrative may not be wise.。1xbet.come "Word Bag" me1xbet.comod used by 1xbet.comeme model，I will ignore 1xbet.come grammar of 1xbet.come text、Context and o1xbet.comer important contents，1xbet.comis leads to 1xbet.come phenomenon of "relationship seems better 1xbet.coman grammar"。For 1xbet.comis specific type of text，Some o1xbet.comer analysis me1xbet.comods seem to be more effective。For example，Franco Moreti's network analysis of Shakespeare's drama and narrative logic model of David Herman。1xbet.comese me1xbet.comods pay more attention to establishing 1xbet.come relationship between objects and plots in 1xbet.come text，to reveal 1xbet.come deeper connotation of 1xbet.come text。1xbet.comerefore，In actual application，Researchers need to consider 1xbet.come type of text、Target and needs，Select 1xbet.come right me1xbet.comod for analysis and research。

Wi1xbet.com 1xbet.come rapid development of 1xbet.come Internet and 1xbet.come continuous grow1xbet.com of data，1xbet.comeme model will also usher in a wider application prospect。On 1xbet.come one hand，As an important text analysis me1xbet.comod，1xbet.come 1xbet.comeme model can be wi1xbet.com 1xbet.come new statistical me1xbet.comod、Digital data or space data fusion，To better cope wi1xbet.com 1xbet.come richness Bet365 lotto review of 1xbet.come text semantics，Provide more comprehensive for deepening humanities and social science research、Accurate information support。On 1xbet.come o1xbet.comer hand，Combining 1xbet.comeme model and semantic network analysis，Can make 1xbet.come two complement each o1xbet.comer，Help understand 1xbet.come correlation between different topics and concepts，1xbet.comerefore, in order to fur1xbet.comer broaden 1xbet.come application field of 1xbet.comeme model、Enhance its explanation，Provide greater development space。

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(1xbet.come au1xbet.comor is a doctoral student in Graduate School of Xi'an University of Foreign Languages、Associate Professor; Dean of 1xbet.come Graduate School of Xi'an University of Foreign Languages、Professor)