Since modern times，"Scientific" and "accuracy" are the key points that have been repeatedly emphasized by ancient Chinese map studies.。In the first half of the 20th century，In academic research and social thoughts，bet365 Play online games "scientificism" and "linear History" have a wide range of influence。These two concepts have a huge impact on the formation and development of a large number of disciplines in modern times and the historical writing of subject research objects，Especially in the field of science and technology。Generally speaking，This historical writing is based on the view of linear history，It is excavated from literature and other materials、Some objects that can reflect "scientificity" are materials，Therefore, the history of development of "scientificity" is constructed。It is undeniable，This historical writing greatly meets the psychological needs of Chinese society since modern times。History of science and technology built under this perspective，It reflects that ancient China has developed science and technology，Even some times lead the world in some aspects，Grand Trends in line with historical development。This concept believes，Since China's development path has been correct since ancient times，Therefore, China's "backward" since the late Qing Dynasty is just temporary、"Occasionally"。As long as you recognize the trend of world development，plus your own efforts，Then China will inevitably catch up with the development of world development in the future，Even in the leading position。The history of Chinese map learning is also formed in this era。but but，Through research in recent years，More and more researchers realize，The lack of "scientificity" in the modern sense of ancient Chinese maps，The "accuracy" drawn is not the goal of the main pursuit of ancient Chinese map drawers。Ancient Chinese bet365 best casino games map drawing has its own set of value standards，and this set of value is derived from the social and cultural traditions of ancient China。So，History of the history of Chinese map studies since modern times，There is a certain degree of solution to ancient Chinese maps，Its interpretation of ancient Chinese maps is not completely based on the actual and traditional culture of ancient Chinese society and traditional culture。

　　

　　Background with traditional Chinese culture

　　

　　Investigate its fundamental，The subconscious consciousness of the history of the history of Chinese map studies since modern times，"Science" exists in all ancient culture，It is also the goal pursued by all ancient culture。This cognition is obviously based on the "West" standard，Further, it is based on "Modern West" as the standard，It is based on the "Western Center"。As a researcher，We must have the world's vision，But it does not mean that the development of the world must be consistent，It is believed that some principles and value orientation that currently dominated by dominated are "universal"，Even this study history。Instead, you must realize that the development of history is diverse，Study history from the perspective of "sympathy"。I realized this，We should be able to completely get rid of the various pressures brought by the ancient map drawing technology of ancient China from the perspective of "science"，Remove the responsibility that the ancient Chinese science and technology are not behind the West，and "Lee Joseph's Data" also became a question that does not need to be answered，Because the premise of this problem is wrong。In short，Evaluation of traditional Chinese maps，It should be placed under the background of traditional Chinese culture。

　　Of course, this is not accusing the previous research that is completely wrong，Because academics are based on the times，Academic academics that are not completely separated from the needs of the times and the times。So，The historical writing of map studies based on bet365 Play online games "scientificism" and "linear history"，In the first half of the 20th century, even its reasonableness，It is also a cognition of history，A historical writing with reasonableness。but，What needs to be emphasized here is，Although the establishment of national pride and self -confidence is also the theme and needs of this era，But in the era of the rise of the Chinese nation，We no longer need to establish national self -confidence by digging those "essence" that meets the "Western" standards in traditional culture，Instead, you need to re -examine and truly understand traditional culture，Come to dig the essence that conforms to traditional Chinese culture。

　　

　　Establish self -confidence with innovative research

　　

　　More importantly，Although ancient China had excellent traditional culture，But this is not enough to make other countries and nations in the world respect the current China，So as the source of our confidence。There is no country and nation in human history，I gain confidence in just digging traditional culture。European Renaissance，Although it was originally a revival of Greek Roman culture，But it is actually a comprehensive innovation based on the essence of the Greek Roman culture。and the Renaissance，While drawing Greek Roman Cultural Essence，With innovation and geographical discovery，Europe abandoned many outdated content in Greek Roman culture，It was this kind of innovation created the self -confidence of the Europeans at that time。Matteo Palmieri (1406-1475) once proudly said，This is "such a new era full of hope and future，The number of noble and talented souls produced in this era exceeds what I saw in the previous 1000 years.，This is really joyful "。What makes him happy is the "noble and talented soul" of his time，instead of the "noble and talented soul" in the Greek and Rome period。So，Source of cultural self -confidence，Based on the excavation of traditional culture, it is beneficial to the current essence，For innovation and development，Contribute to world culture，Get recognition and respect from other countries in the world。

　　Since the reform and opening up，China is in the economy、Culture、Social and other fields have achieved attractive achievements，This is the root of our cultural self -confidence。Strengthening the current cultural construction is the basis for further strengthening this self -confidence。So，Cultural confidence is based on innovation based on the essence of traditional cultural essence，The focus is on "the present" rather than "past"。

　　How to re -examine and truly understand traditional culture，It is a question that needs to be considered in the current historical research，It is also an innovative point for future academic。Of course，Such academic research is not a closed -door car，Say yourself，Instead, it is necessary to establish a set of traditional Chinese culture，and can be academically academically accepted by the world。existing academicity，Ethnicity，In this way, we can truly establish China's academic discourse right，can we make real contributions to the world，From this in this new era, real national self -confidence。

　　

　　Multi -angle comprehensive writing the history of map learning

　

　　In this new historical period，The historical writing of the history of ancient maps of China should pay attention to two levels。

First，Expand covering the face。Since the first half of the 20th century，The history of Chinese map studies written by scholars represented by Wang Yong，Almost all of which are described based on the ancient Chinese world and the national total map，It is not the "History of Chinese Map Studies" in the complete sense。So，The current history of Chinese map studies，It is just the history of the ancient Chinese world and the history of the whole country。Even so，The number of ancient Chinese universal maps and the number of national total maps in these discussions are also extremely limited，It is mainly concentrated in those reflecting "scientificity" or drawing exquisitely、Map on the map。Even for the ancient Chinese world and the history of the country's general map，Our current understanding is also one -sided。The study of the history of bet365 live casino games Chinese map learning has also been delayed to be absorbed in the mainstream research of the history of the world map。What we have repeatedly wrote are all things that have been familiar with the world map of the world map，This is also the influential J.B. Harry (J. B. Harley) and David Woodward, "History of Mapology" ( "(The History of Cartography) The Chinese part of the series does not adopt the reasons for the history of Chinese map science written by Chinese scholars。

　　Actually，There are many types of ancient maps in China，In addition to Universal Maps and National Total Maps，There are still a large number of other types of maps，Ruhe Gongtu、Politics Figure、City Figure、Haitu、astronomical maps, mountains and rivers, etc.，and the vast majority of map types have not sorted out their contexts。time to this day，These map types are still strange for us。Not only that，Almost completely ignored the maps existing as illustrations in ancient books，and the number of maps of this kind of map is many，Only the five sets of book statistics from the five sets of book statistics of the "Four Books of the Four Bibliography", "Siku Quanshu Story Books", "Siku Ban Destraining Books", "Siku Unblied Book Collection" and "Wenyuan Pavilion Siku Quanshu"，Among them, up to 6,000 maps。

　　One of the focus of the historical writing of ancient Chinese maps at present and in the future should be based on comprehensive sorting of ancient Chinese maps，Exist the development of ancient Chinese maps according to the type。Europe、Islamic culture and the history of Chinese map studies are the main part of the world's ancient map culture。So，Only comprehensively sorting out the history of Chinese map learning，It must be an important contribution to the study of the history of the world map，This is also the first step in establishing Chinese discourse rights in the field of world map studies.。

　　Second，Get rid of Western Center Observation，From China's own society、Culture start，Establish a variety of historical writing of ancient Chinese maps from more perspectives。To do this，The most important thing is to walk to the Bet365 app download "Behind" of the map content of the map。

　　For example，The map itself can be used as a carrier of material culture and knowledge，Place it in various backgrounds formed to view and analyze。The "Map of Ancient and Modern Winning" series of "ancient and modern wins" series maps popular in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties are mainly the integration of various systematic knowledge popular on the class of scholars，But the main audience of this series of maps is ordinary people。Analyze this series of maps from the perspective of knowledge history，We can extend some conclusions worth thinking about。Maps and books as a carrier，The primary purpose of making them is not necessarily carried and transmitted knowledge，Their function is diversified，It is also changing; it is not only its content that determines the popular group of some kind of knowledge，There is also a form of expression，or even the carrier and other factors; the factors that determine whether a certain knowledge is popular is diverse，It is not necessarily the excellence of knowledge content in the meantime，It also depends on other components of knowledge，Whether the expression and carrying form can meet the needs of the audience。So，In the future, you can write a history of Chinese map studies from the perspective of ancient Chinese maps as products and items。Another example，In ancient China, a large number of universal maps and national general maps were drawn，These maps show the ancient Chinese view of "the world view" and "territory view"，In the future, you can write a history of Chinese map studies from the perspective and evolution of the "view of the world" and "territory" in ancient China。

　　History of the history of map learning from many angles，In fact, it is to combine the history of traditional Chinese culture with the history of map learning，Not only will we deepen our cognition of traditional culture，And can also put forward new cognition for some conclusions we are accustomed to。This culture -based historical writing historical writing，It has exceeded the history of map learning Bet365 lotto review itself，In line with the trend of current academic research in the world，Chinese scholars are currently capable of doing this，Talk to the world's top scholars in the field of empirical and theoretical in this area。Historical writing is a reflection of the needs of the times and the times，In the new era，We need new historical writing。

　　

　　(This article is the National Social Science Foundation's major project "The Try and Research on Ancient Maps of the Chinese National Library" (16zda117) phased achievement)