"Jian Kun", "Bone Bone", "黠 黠" was the different translation of the northern nation's nation ’s Qirqiz name during the Han and Tang dynasties。The beginning of the Tang Dynasty was mostly called "Jian Kun" and "Bone"，In the late Tang Dynasty, it is also called "纥扢" and "黠 黠 斯"，Huichang three years (843) with "黠 黠" as its name。Its people are mainly distributed in the Jianhe River Basin (now the upper reaches of the Yinisse River)，Including Tangnu Wulianghai area and north of Sayanling。Its country swordsmanship name is far away from Zhongzhou，The iron used to make a sword is also loaded into the book with the attention of the Tang people。"Tongdian · Bone", "Tang Hui · Bone Country", "Book of Yuan Gui Turtle · Bone" all have their own records of "Rain" to make swords。As for "Rain Tie" referred to，Different people's views。One is a meteorite or meteorite，One said that the iron sand mines exposed after rinse after rainwater，No conclusion so far。Now I have told my opinion on this issue，Please correct the Fang family。

According to literature records，Six years of Zhenguan (632) Tang Dynasty sent to the country。Seventeen years of Zhenguan，Its nation sent to offering martenum、Mink，The appearance of the envoy、Clothing Bet365 app download and its national wind、Product，All drawn "King Meeting"，Write into the "King Meeting"。Zheng Guan 22nd year first month，The dedication of the country's displacement。February of the same year，Its Jun Changli lost his bowl to Chang'an，Tang Taizong Banquet for Tiandang Temple，Taking its place as Jian Kunfu，Left (right) General of Tunwei、Governor of Jian Kundu。Since then，Catching Tianbao Last Year，Jiankun Dynasty tribute。

"The Rebellion of Anshi" broke out，The Tang Dynasty suddenly decline，Back to 纥 (Return) Rise to Mobei，The traffic between Jian Kun and the Tang Dynasty is separated。until five years (840)，黠 黠，Only resumed communication with the Tang Dynasty。Three years of Huichang (843)，黠 黠 臣 臣 臣，"Wu Zong Da Yue ... The Prime Minister of the Prime Minister is the messenger of Hongya Temple，Make the translator Kao Shanchuan Guofeng "，"Prince Zhan Shi Wei Zongqing、Secretary Shao Jian Lu Shu to the hotel，To show private，Jiexi，覼 阙 阙。Passing the voice of Hu Yan's departure，Zai Mountains and Sichuan tortuous shape，Article Weekly，Literature and Science Charity ... Decoration with painting "，Compilation into "The Biography of the Gonggong Tribute"。

Tang and Song Dynasties，About Jian Kun (Bone Bone、黠 黠、Dialogue of things，That is, in the "King of the King" and "The Biography of the Gonggong bet365 live casino games Tribute"。These books were later lost，Fortunately, some of the contents in the book are stored in the Tang and Song people's works，Become today's research Jian Kun (bone、黠 黠 斯) Basic Historical Materials。

Individual literature on Jian Kun (bone、黠 黠) Human sword records，The earliest seen in Du You's "Tong Dian · Jie Bone"。Its text:

Bone bone is three thousand miles northwest of the northwest。80,000 victory soldiers ... The country is obstructing greedy mountains。Multi -ingredients、Xia Jun，Winter Snow，During the danger of exchanges，There is a water from the north of the north to pass through the country。Live in the mountains，I know growing up，Red，Zhu Fa Luyun，Those with black hair，I think it is ominous。I thought the sword，Neighbors。Its vulgarity is the same as Turkic ...，Use it for it，Camer Gaosha，I thought the sword，Very Lisa。Its national hunting beasts take a Trojan，Lift Mountain 隥，Hacquent if flying。Since ancient times, China。

"Every rain and iron here，Use it for it，Camer Gaosha，I thought the sword，Very Lisa "，and "Wang Hui chapter" "Every country has a rain iron，I think it is a sword，Different and Changtie "is similar。Another，"Tongdian · Bone" in the words "Never to China since ancient times"，Ready is recorded "Wang Huizhou" and "King Meeting"。"Wang Huizhou" and "King Huitu" about Jian Kun's content created in its national envoys for the first time，Speaking of its "China since ancient Bet365 lotto review times"，Reasonable love。And to the era of Du You's "Tong Dian"，Jian Kunguo has repeatedly sent envoys to Tang Dynasty，It should no longer be "not in China since ancient times"。Visible，"Tongdian" is based on "King's Meeting" and "King Meeting"。The relevant content in the "Tang Hui Yao" and "Book of Yuan Gui" is exactly the same as it，Both write "Tian Tian every rain iron，Use it for it，I thought the sword，Very Lisa "，Save the sentence "Name" in "Tong Dian"。It is not difficult to see，"Tang Hui Yao" and "Book of Yuan Gui Turtle" about the "Rain Tie" sword "Tongdian"。

Zhen Guan's 17th year of the record of the "Rain Tie" sword of Jiankun (Bone) State，It is regarded by the Tang people as a kind of strange news，spread along the phase。Huichang three years of 黠 黠，Prince Zhan Shi Wei Zongqing、Secretary Shao Jian Lu Shu verify this legend to the messenger，but not detailed。​​So，They started to question the predecessors about Jian Kun (Bone、黠 黠 斯) The record of "Rain Tie" in the country，and speculate that the "iron" that the country is used to create a sword should come from its place，instead of "Rain"。The relevant content of "The Biography of the Gonggongtu" recorded in "Taiping Huanyu" reflects Wei Zongqing、Lu Shu's vulgar analysis of "Iron Rain"。Its text:

(黠 黠) Vulgar products: ... Its hardware out of the iron and tin，"Wang Huitu" Yun: "Every country has a rain iron，I think it is a sword，Different and Changtie "。I asked the messenger，No answer，Dan Yun Tie is very strong，bet365 best casino games Workers are also delicate，Cover is its local middle -class iron，Out of the trees due to heavy rain，Both the soil erosion，Therefore, fine ears。If it rains from the sky，Then human animal must be killed，No solidity。Jia Yan said: "Good iron，Camer Gaosha，Every time you lose to Turks。"This is actually。

The "King's Map" here should be "King of the King"。Prince Zhan Shi Wei Zongqing、Secretary Shao Jian Lu Shu speculated that Jian Kun (bone、黠 黠，instead of heaven "Rain Tie"。When they wrote "The Biography of the Gonggong Tribute"，Traditional tradition since the chastity，No more mentioned "Rain Tie" (Song people Dong Yan's "The King of the King"，Zaishi wrote "Guangchuan Painting Post")。"Biography of New Tang Books · Kaos" Writing "Each Rain，Vulgar will get iron "，When Wei Zongqing and Lu Shuzhi were used。Wei、Lu Guan Yu Jiankun (Bone Bone、黠 黠) The interpretation of the "Rain Tie" of the country and the speculation of its real estate iron，It can also be proved from the Yuan Dynasty。Li Zhicun's "Journey to the West" in Changchun contains: "More than a thousand miles in the northwest，Good iron。"The name of frugal states originated from Qianhe, which flows here。Qianhe, the sword of the "New Tang Book"，That is the ancient Jian Kun (bone、黠 黠)。

Look from related historical facts，Jian Kun (Bone Bone、黠 黠) The country used for the iron of weapons such as swords，It should bet365 Play online games be mainly from its underground iron ore。"Taiping Huanyu Ji" contains "its hardware out of iron and tin"，Explain that Jian Kun (knot bone、黠 黠 斯) State -owned iron ore。"Tongdian" contains its "80,000 victory in soldiers"。Since the middle of the 6th century, Turkic has emerged in Mobei Grassland，To the middle of the 9th century 黠 黠 黠 黠 鹘 鹘 鹘 鹘 鹘，Jian Kun (Bone)、黠 黠、Return to the grassland overlords and other grassland hegemony continues，There are also many battles with other neighbors。If the production of weapons such as swords，The meteorite that is taken occasionally from heaven，Equipped with 10,000 people soldiers，or can be used for a while，The needs of the one of the fear of the one，Not to mention the needs of war in 300 years。，Turk's dominant Mobei (552-630、680-744)，Jian Kun people often lose with iron。mid -8th century to early 9th century，Back to 纥 (Hui 鹘) and Jian Kun have a large -scale battle。19920，Hui 鹘 鹘 黠 黠。Twenty years of fighting on both sides，In the end, Kausz broke back to the Khanate with 100,000 iron riders。Ruojian Kun (Jie Bone)、黠 黠 矿 矿 矿，These are unimaginable。​​So，Prince Zhan Shi Wei Zongqing、Secretary Shao Jian Lu Shu's about Jian Kun (Bone、黠 黠) The discrimination and interpretation of the "Rain Tie" of the country is more in line with reason，The sword of its country's "Li Li" should be manufactured Bet365 app download by the good iron produced by the underground iron ore。

(Author Unit: Institute of Ancient History of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)