The decline of the Qing Dynasty was caused by many factors，Corruption of bet365 promo codes is the main reason，Mainly manifested as imperial examination fraud，Bribery in selecting and appointing bet365 promo codes、Taking bribes、Asking for bribes、Cliché，The assessment is distorted and inaccurate，And the donation system brings about collective corruption of bet365 promo codes。The corruption of official administration in the Qing Dynasty will definitely have a negative impact on the quality and administrative efficiency of bet365 promo codes at all levels，Thus destroying the foundation of the Qing Dynasty’s rule，Accelerate its decline。

　Fraud in scientific examinations has become an unspoken rule in bet365 promo codes

Since the Sui and Tang Dynasties，The imperial examination became the main way to select bet365 promo codes in China’s feudal officialdom，Inherited by the Qing Dynasty。Only a few people are destined to stand out in this elite selection。Under the pressure of competition in the imperial examination，The scientific examination fraud in the Qing Dynasty was no longer just a matter of slips of paper，It has become a tool for exchange of interests among bet365 promo codes and bet365 promo codes。In order to improve their academic qualifications in the imperial examination, the bet365 promo codes’ children in the Qing Dynasty，Examination candidates、Take Jinshi test，With official connections，Traffic fraud，Looking after each other，The trend of collective cheating。

Shuntian Rural Examination in the eighth year of Xianfeng (1858)，The largest examination fraud case in the Qing Dynasty。September，Shuntianfu Township Examination List，Banner fan won the election，The capital is in an uproar。October，Yu Shi Meng Chuan Jin Memorial: "The Chinese style of lifting people of equal age and using red ink does not match them，Things are boiling over，Please give me a special review" (Volume 266 of "Records of Emperor Wen Zong of the Qing Dynasty")，This incident occurred。A series of fraud cases were involved in the trial process。First, Luo Hongyi, the head of the Criminal Department, asked his fellow countryman Li Heling, the head of the Military Department, for help。Li Heling handed the joints agreed in advance to the Editorial and Pu'an Office of the Hanlin Academy via a note，Please take care of it。So Urayasu asked Jin Xiang, the examiner’s family member, the bachelor of the university, for help，Withdrawal of the volume，Luo Hongyi won the exam as he wished，Thank you as usual afterwards。This way，Verified and verified，Bo Chen was beheaded，Became the biggest official in the Wuwu Examination Case。Li Heling、Luo Hongyi、Urayasu Wenzhan on the same day。During the interrogation of Urayasu，It is also reported that the deputy examiner Zuo Fudu censor Cheng Tinggui and his son Cheng Bingcai passed the joint、Traffic entrustment case。“Cheng Bingcai, a candidate doctor in the Ministry of Industry, came to the imperial court after his father Cheng Tinggui entered the imperial court，How dare you openly accept joint notes，Miao family member Hu Sheng，Transfer within the venue。" ("Records of Emperor Wenzong of the Qing Dynasty" Volume 288) Interrogation of Cheng Bingcai，It has been reported that many of the disciples of high bet365 promo codes passed joint notes。Case concluded，Most of the bet365 promo codes involved are children of bet365 promo codes。Nineteenth year of Guangxu (1893)，Zhejiang Guisi Enke Township Examination，Zhou Fuqing, secretary of the cabinet of Dingyou during the period, borrowed the benefit of his old acquaintance from the same year to support his son Boyi and other scientific research transportation links，Send servants to bribe examiner Yin Ruzhang。This case was exposed by Yin Ruzhang，Zhou Fuqing is imprisoned。This inertia of cheating by relying on convenience，Continued until the fall of the Qing Dynasty。

　　The bet365 promo codes donation system brings about the decline of bet365 promo codes groups

In the Qing Dynasty, the imperial examination was the correct way to select bet365 promo codes，Take donations as a different way。National Disaster Relief、Hegong、Three major items of military supplies，It costs a lot，Insufficient government coffers，Just follow the ancient rules，Open donations and collect money。Donate，Mr. Zhong of the Civil Service Department and junior bet365 promo codes below，Foreign Taoist priests and below have not entered the stream；Rank from Beijing official to the fifth grade or below，Foreign bet365 promo codes below the fourth rank。Although senior civil servants are not included in the donation，It is middle and lower-level bet365 promo codes who are being let go，But bet365 promo codes are the main body of bet365 promo codes，Responsible for specific government affairs，It has a great influence on the administration of bet365 promo codes and people’s livelihood。Through donation，Official bet365 promo codes can receive donations，Retire and stay in office、The outgoing accident officer must donate his salary，Make up the slack；Trial salary、Calendar salary、Donation and exemption for actual teaching，Shorten the time to obtain an official position；Civilians must donate tribute to prison、Seal、Position title。No official wants to be an official，An official wants to be promoted，Alternate officer wants to take shortcuts，No identity and want to get one。Donations are for bet365 promo codes、Everyone who is not an official has benefits。

The Qing Dynasty bureaucracy introduced a donation system based on assets，The government openly sells bet365 promo codes and titles，Commercialization of official shortage，Official circles are full of the smell of copper。"They use officialdom as a trade，Lue Yi embezzled money and food，The original donation amount has been exceeded。Mingxiaojiang，Secret loss of money。” (Volume 112 of Qing History Manuscript) Donating money in exchange for position、Title，Disrupted Xiu Qi Zhiping、The normal way to select bet365 promo codes is to learn well and become an official，All kinds of people are crowded here。"National subjects，A gentleman is half as good as a villain。Use donation class，This is a dedicated villain。...donate classes，Flattery must be done，The bribe must be thick，Make friends with others，If you avoid it, you will get it，Boss must love Yue，Ministry bet365 promo codes must protect and support。” (Volume 18 of "Continuation of Dynasty Classics") This kind of institutional corruption has become an important factor in the decline of bureaucratic groups。

　　Appointing private individuals and buying and selling bet365 promo codes

On the selection of bet365 promo codes，Central Ministry Hall Official、Local governors have full power of appointment and removal。The governor's questions are mainly aimed at the Taoist government in Zhongjianque，Need、The most needed department colleague、Tongxuan and local bet365 promo codes such as prefectures and counties。Default points based on this province，The governor will transfer or recommend the suitable subordinates he determines to be promoted。In this case，If the local governor shows favoritism, he will use public power for his own purposes，Ask for the tune。Kangxi period，Xu Jin, the magistrate of Daning County, Shanxi Province, was bribed to transfer，"Xiantuxia County，Jietu Jiexiu County，The amount of silver in hand is as much as ten thousand taels”。Other members who adjust the complexity，For example, Shandong Governor Wang Guochang transferred Guan Chengchong from Licheng County，The governor of Jiangxi transferred Wang Ting of Nanchang County to the same position，"Maybe defeat by greed，Or take a shortfall”。This kind of thing of adjusting complexity，Already bribed，“Unworthy member，Once adjusted to traditional Chinese，The governors, governors and ministers are all his protective talismans" (Volume 20 of "Dynasty Jingshi Wenbian")，There is nothing to fear。

The chief envoy is a provincial official under the governor，Also has great power in the selection and appointment of bet365 promo codes，“bet365 promo codes Shumin，Always belongs to its own title，Therefore, it is inevitable to conduct an investigation" (Volume 1 of "Congzheng Yigui")，It is a link with high incidence of corruption。Qianjia Period，Hunan Chief Minister Zheng Yuanxuan accepted bribes and sold his official position，“Whenever the state and county bet365 promo codes are selected and appointed to the province... I heard that there are vacancies，This member asks for instructions，In the beginning, I agreed，And the commission card is still the same。Inquire about the reason，Requires more gold，Named Buy Short。Use the shortage to price the price as low as possible，Probably always within ten thousand dollars" (Volume 2 of "Zhuye Pavilion Miscellaneous Notes")。Xian Tong years，Sichuan vassal Xiangkui corrupted the administration，"Served for six or seven years，Bribery is public，Notorious。Unworthy of obeying the order and leading the prime minister to enter and exit the door，Diamond and Thorns Love，Everything is possible。Agented by the prefecture and county superiors，Most of them”。(Volume 19 of "The Continuation of Dynasty Classics")

The Ministry of bet365 promo codes in the Late Qing Dynasty，Competent authority as official，Join powerful people，Selling an official position and getting a title。People at the time lamented: "The Ministry of Personnel is an official，The cover is always there，Weiqing Residence (Prince Qing Yikuang) is priced to attract people，Blatantly，More prominent ears。”“Cao, a member of the official department，Xixi Qingdang，Those who are usually responsible for doing business，I don’t know who it is，Those who have proof of their income，Something official，Xianke Index。"At that time, the official doctor Wang Xianzhang，Jie Na Yi Kuang，For their driving，“Hundreds of people from Huanzhou County every year，Celebrate with five out of ten，Take one of the two，I will share the benefits among my peers"。(The second volume of "Ten Leaves Wild Stories")

　　bet365 promo codes assessment is distorted and inaccurate

　Assessment is an important way to test the administrative effectiveness of bet365 promo codes。Official assessment in the Qing Dynasty，Civil bet365 promo codes have Beijing inspection、Big plan，Attache has military and political affairs。Assessment of merit is an important basis for appointment of bet365 promo codes，Excellent promotion，Eight (six) punishments for inferiority。Random assessment as a state behavior within the Qing bureaucracy，Affected by the administrative environment，The effect of Deyouzhi Ming is weakened。The corruption of officialdom in the late Qing Dynasty，The assessment is distorted and inaccurate，Unfair impeachment，The superior’s criteria for judging the merits of subordinates are alienated。Beijing bet365 promo codes and Inspectors，"A clerk recognized by Liubu Hall bet365 promo codes，Those who readily cater to their own will are those who know things，Those who defend the manuscript are ignorant people，Those who pay homage every day and use clever words are considered diligent and prudent，Those who sit in office and are dull in speech are considered clumsy”。(Volume 78 of Guangxu Dynasty's "Qing Hui Dian Cases") "Regardless of talent and discipline，Regardless of qualifications，Regardless of cases，No matter the theory，The protected young man is not a noble family member but a flashy young man，But I used the words of diligence as a servant to hide my ears and eyes，In fact, we usually send errands，Most of them come from requests... These people are all good at doing business，Every time the official is happy，Not only but not impeached，And want to do it。Previous talent security chiefs of the Beijing Police Station、Most of those who are diligent in politics are like this”。(Volume 19 of "The Continuation of Dynasty Classics") Local Plan，"Frontier official，The rate is called a capable person by running around to please people，He is a shameless person，The governor and others are often clumsy，Not listed for entrance exam”。("Records of Mu Zong of the Qing Dynasty" Volume 11)

On the issue of curbing bet365 promo codes corruption，The Qing Dynasty made a lot of efforts，Those who violate scientific examination regulations and prohibitions will be severely punished、Strengthening bet365 promo codes recommendation and accountability, etc.，However, the effect is not great。bet365 promo codes corruption had a serious negative impact on the politics of the Qing Dynasty。

First，Corruption in the selection and appointment of bet365 promo codes has subverted the foundation of the entire bureaucracy，Deteriorated the administrative environment。The talent selected is not outstanding、Low literacy，Not diligent in government affairs，And intensify the unhealthy trends in officialdom，Flatter your boss，Giving and accepting bribes has become the norm。“He who is good at flattering and making friends is a capable person，Those who are ignorant and unpretentious are incompetent。Big lawbreaker and small dishonesty，Clear administration of bet365 promo codes。" (Volume 61 of "Records of Qing Renzong") "Commissioners of various ministries and yamen，But know how to please the superior，夤元干进。Outside the vassal state, Fuzhou and County，They are all pampered，Corruption for personal gain，Ignore the local people’s livelihood。” (Volume 7 of "Records of Mu Zong of the Qing Dynasty")

Secondly，Quote private、Nepotism intensifies the interest disputes among bureaucratic groups。Disputes in feudal officialdom，What we need most is to strengthen our own power，The most common approach is to select or promote personal confidants through various channels。You have the teacher-student status of Fangshizuoshi in the scientific examination，You can have sex as you please，Made from the same hometown，Love is attached to you，Awarded by the Ministry and Hall bet365 promo codes、Supervisor question transfer officer，Normalization of official affiliation and alignment。When Li Hongzhang was in power in the late Qing Dynasty，Private appointments in large numbers，Anhui villagers "wenfengluji"，Bureau Military Camp，Relocated almost everywhere，There is almost no room for people from other provinces”。(Volume 1 of "Guowen Beisheng")

Historical facts prove，Corruption of bet365 promo codes in the Qing Dynasty was a combination of institutional corruption and man-made corruption，This is an important reason for the deterioration of officialdom in the Qing Dynasty，Eventually buried the Qing Dynasty in the long river of history。

(Author’s unit: College of bet365 promo codes and Culture, Changchun Normal University)