bet365 sign up bonus code management is a national matter，Dong Zhongshu of the Han Dynasty proposed "the foundation of all disasters"，All lives were lost to the country”。In order to ensure the survival of the people and social development，The Chinese nation has been fighting against various natural disasters for thousands of years，Accumulated rich experience in bet365 sign up bonus code reduction and prevention。Qin and Han Dynasties，Preliminarily completed the systematic construction of bet365 sign up bonus code knowledge，The formation of a historical bet365 sign up bonus code writing form with Chinese characteristics，And it has been passed down for two thousand years。Until today，Historical bet365 sign up bonus code writing and its documentation system still have important academic value and practical significance for bet365 sign up bonus code history research。

　　Historical construction of scientific and technological bet365 sign up bonus code reduction and bet365 sign up bonus code knowledge

bet365 sign up bonus code reduction is a systematic project，bet365 sign up bonus code reduction capability is also a social and political issue、Economy、Technology、A comprehensive reflection of the level of cultural development。Mr. Deng Tuo pointed out in "The History of China's Famine Relief": "The extent of the development of famine relief can be measured as a measure of humankind's ability to control nature，Can be used as a sign of the progress of human culture。” (Beijing Publishing House 1998 edition，Page 6) Through historical research on bet365 sign up bonus code reduction technology, we can understand ancient society from a new perspective，The level of bet365 sign up bonus code reduction science and technology can also be used to judge the strength of bet365 sign up bonus code management capabilities in the past。

Our country is an ancient civilization based on agriculture，bet365 sign up bonus code reduction technology is mainly developed around agricultural production。According to different application fields of bet365 sign up bonus code reduction technology，bet365 sign up bonus code reduction technology can be divided into agricultural bet365 sign up bonus code reduction technology、Three aspects of engineering bet365 sign up bonus code reduction technology and biological bet365 sign up bonus code reduction technology。Agricultural bet365 sign up bonus code reduction technologies mainly include soil farming technology and land use、Field management and harvest storage technology、Farming system and soil fertility restoration and bet365 sign up bonus code-resistant crop breeding、Introduction and promotion, etc.。Engineering bet365 sign up bonus code reduction technology is water conservancy engineering technology，Mainly includes sea defense projects and river control projects。Due to the unique geographical environment，my country’s agricultural production is extremely dependent on water resources，Flood and drought disasters were also extremely serious in historical times，Strengthening the construction of water conservancy projects can effectively prevent floods and droughts。Locust plague is also one of the more serious disasters，Biological bet365 sign up bonus code reduction technology is mainly a response to locusts and other pests and diseases。Xu Guangqi pointed out in "The Complete Book of Agricultural Affairs" that locust plagues are no less harmful than floods and droughts，Also analyzed the differences between locust plagues and floods and droughts。Locust bet365 sign up bonus code prevention and control has a large bet365 sign up bonus code area、Features of convenient prevention and control and extensive participation。Therefore，Biological bet365 sign up bonus code reduction measures are essential。

With the development of bet365 sign up bonus code reduction technical measures，The effectiveness of science and technology in bet365 sign up bonus code reduction is becoming increasingly significant，National governance capabilities for natural disasters have also improved。From the perspective of the development history of disasters in China，The higher the degree of social development，The more sensitive you are to disasters，The number of records of bet365 sign up bonus code events will also increase。Looking at the vertical process of historical development，The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period to the Sui and Tang Dynasties became the first growth stage of historical disasters。Although bet365 sign up bonus code events occurred frequently during this period，But the growth rate is slow。The Song Dynasty is a dividing point between the least and most frequent disasters in my country，The frequency of bet365 sign up bonus code events increased sharply again after the Ming and Qing Dynasties，Reaching the peak of famine history in the past thousands of years。The periodic increase in the frequency of historical disasters is also related to the population size in historical periods、Economy and technological development are closely related，Every population increase in Chinese history、Critical period for economic development and scientific and technological progress，There will be an increase in the retaliation of natural disasters and the rapid spread of famines。This phenomenon does not mean that social development will cause more natural disasters，On the contrary, it is a manifestation of the failure of social productivity levels to effectively overcome the technological bottleneck of famines。When scientific and technological progress increases agricultural production enough to feed a larger population，A new stage of frequent natural disasters will also come。In this situation，Only by breaking through the existing technological bottleneck of famine，Only then can we usher in great social and economic development。

Therefore，By sorting out the evolution of scientific and technological bet365 sign up bonus code reduction in historical periods，Discuss the "technological bottleneck" problem that has emerged in the history of bet365 sign up bonus code reduction in China，It can establish a basic paradigm for research on the history of bet365 sign up bonus code reduction science and technology，It can also improve the bet365 sign up bonus code reduction effect of special technology、Discriminate and examine the overall characteristics of bet365 sign up bonus code reduction technologies and historical bet365 sign up bonus code reduction scientific and technological literature，This is of great significance for deepening the study of bet365 sign up bonus code history。

　　Systematic development of historical bet365 sign up bonus code writing

About the inheritance and evolution of bet365 sign up bonus code literature and its development process，There are many studies in the academic community and many difficult issues have been clarified，However, the special discussion on the characteristics of bet365 sign up bonus code literature types needs to be further deepened。Historical bet365 sign up bonus code information is mainly distributed in the official history "Five Elements Chronicles"、Local Chronicles、Gu Nong Shu、File、In newspapers and other documents。Record characteristics based on bet365 sign up bonus code documents、Documentary genre and inheritance and evolution characteristics，Basically can be divided into four major systems，That is, the bet365 sign up bonus code event in "Five Elements Chronicles"、The system construction of Huang Zhengshu、bet365 sign up bonus code reduction techniques in Ancient Farmers’ Books and bet365 sign up bonus code Reduction Strategies and bet365 sign up bonus code Disasters, etc.，Together they constitute the documentation system of historical disasters。

The documentary records of historical disasters in our country have a long history，There are many stories about disasters in the oracle bone inscriptions of the Yin and Shang Dynasties、Rain、Pray for rain、潦、No rain、Drought、Locust and other records，Dong Zhongshu during the Western Han Dynasty summarized the previous concepts of disasters，Proposed a systematic understanding theory of "disasters and natural punishments"，Built a corresponding bet365 sign up bonus code knowledge system，That is, the systematic development of the five elements of disasters。The bet365 sign up bonus code documents of the Five Elements bet365 sign up bonus code System refer to the chapters in the history books that specifically record bet365 sign up bonus code events，Origined from Ban Gu's "Book of Han·Five Elements" in the Han Dynasty，According to bet365 sign up bonus code time、bet365 sign up bonus code area、Write bet365 sign up bonus code events with three elements of bet365 sign up bonus code，And use the five elements categories to construct the interaction model between disasters and society。But starting from Ouyang Xiu's "New Book of Tang·Five Elements", we started to get rid of the model of explaining disasters and anomalies by personnel，“It’s a bet365 sign up bonus code，Cut it down”，And become a collection of bet365 sign up bonus code objects，So much so that in the "Manuscript of Qing History", "Five Elements Chronicles" was directly changed to "Disasters and Strange Chronicles"。

Traditional bet365 sign up bonus code reduction technology has developed due to the continuous advancement of bet365 sign up bonus code knowledge，Form a unique bet365 sign up bonus code writing system。This type of bet365 sign up bonus code writing is commonly found in subparts of the four documents，Such as Ancient Farmer's Book、Special book on water conservancy、Astronomy and geography、Under the categories of meteorological physics and other books，The way of writing disasters is different from the general format of Five Elements disasters，Mostly used as signs of bet365 sign up bonus code、bet365 sign up bonus code Characteristics、bet365 sign up bonus code reduction measures and bet365 sign up bonus code reduction results are the main content，As for common bet365 sign up bonus code events and their occurrence processes, they are occasionally covered。bet365 sign up bonus code reduction technology is a method and measure for bet365 sign up bonus code response，The guiding ideology is the theory of natural disasters。Xunzi during the Warring States Period believed: "Heaven behaves in a regular way，Not for Yao，Don’t die for Jie。”Wang Chong of the Eastern Han Dynasty also criticized the theory of natural disasters，Think of "the way of heaven"，Naturally，Inaction。Like a condemner，It’s promising，Unnatural”。Fourth year of Kaiyuan in Tang Dynasty (716)，"Shandong Locust，People offer sacrifices and worship，Sit back and watch the seedlings, not daring to catch them”，Yao Chong advocates locust eradication and bet365 sign up bonus code relief，Tang Xuanzong issued an edict to catch locusts，Thinks that “locusts will break out this year，It is breeding”，Have a direct impact on the concept of bet365 sign up bonus code and natural punishment。In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the understanding of nature gradually became more scientific and rational，Have been able to put forward some scientific and reasonable explanations for the causes of disasters。Emperor Shunzhi of the Qing Dynasty once issued an edict: "The land of wealth in the southeast，Known as fertile soil。Floods and droughts have caused disasters in recent years，People’s livelihood is in dire straits，All due to disrepair of water conservancy，Causing accidents to farmers and workers。”After the Opium War, the country was opened wide，Western scientific ideas are gradually introduced to the country，The theory of biological evolution as opposed to "creationism"、Theories such as survival of the fittest are gradually being accepted and promoted by people of insight。This has had a huge impact on the traditional "bet365 sign up bonus code theory"，The "magic view of natural disasters" is gradually disintegrating，And gradually replaced by scientific epistemology。

The famine literature on the bet365 sign up bonus code reduction technology system mainly includes literature on river prevention and water control and the general theory of agriculture in ancient agricultural books、Agricultural Meteorology、Zhanhou、Farming、Farmland Water Conservancy、Farm tools、Field crops、Pest control and vegetable literature。The bet365 sign up bonus code literature of this system also focuses on recording the social effects of disasters，Mainly content related to bet365 sign up bonus code reduction and famine relief technologies，It inherits the agricultural philosophical thoughts from the pre-Qin period such as "Xia Xiaozheng", "Book of Rites" and "Lu Shi Chun Qiu"。After continuous experience accumulation since Qin and Han Dynasties，Agricultural bet365 sign up bonus code reduction technology has made significant progress。Ming and Qing Dynasties，bet365 sign up bonus code reduction technology has made a major breakthrough in form，Performed in removing locusts、A large number of special books on river prevention and water bet365 sign up bonus code reduction appear。

Government response to natural disasters is also an important part of bet365 sign up bonus code writing，Famine relief books based on famine management measures constitute another literature system of bet365 sign up bonus code writing。Natural disasters often have a negative impact on society and politics、Economy、Culture has a very serious impact，As Deng Tuo pointed out，“Peasant riots that occurred repeatedly in history，Regardless of its range，or the duration of time，Nothing but caused by famine，That is, all of them are based on the famine years，This has almost become a public precedent in history”。There is already a relatively systematic idea of ​​famine relief in "Zhou Li·Di Guan·Da Situ"，Comprehensive summary of common government bet365 sign up bonus code relief activities in ancient times。"Using famine policies to gather ten thousand people together: one is called dispersion，Er said Bo Zheng，Three days of probation，Fourth Relaxation，Five Days of Abstinence，How many days to go on Saturday，Qiyue Lili，Eight Days of Killing and Sorrow，Nine Days of Fun，It’s more than ten days ago，The eleventh day calls for ghosts and gods，Two out of ten days to get rid of thieves。”Which，Preparation、貲狠、Adjust millet、Relief、Prayer、Strict laws and regulations are common political measures，Be prepared for bet365 sign up bonus code、bet365 sign up bonus code Relief、Charity、Social security and other measures are useful supplements to the traditional barren government，It is also an important link in the unity and cooperation between the government and the private sector in bet365 sign up bonus code management，Together they constitute a system of bet365 sign up bonus code writing。The famine documents in the famine relief book system generally include the famine management category、Warehousing、Charity、Bibliography of four types of wild vegetables。The bet365 sign up bonus code literature of this system focuses on recording the social effects of disasters，The content is generally related to bet365 sign up bonus code relief activities。His famine relief ideas are inherited from the "Twelve Famine Policies" in "The Rites of Zhou"，The compilation style is generally determined by the "Book of Saving Famines and Living the People" written by Dong Xu of the Song Dynasty。Using the compilation of the book as a node，There were few famine relief books before，And after that, especially during the Ming and Qing Dynasties，Famine relief books have sprung up like mushrooms after a spring rain。

The so-called "bet365 sign up bonus code and famine policy theory"，Refers to the edicts issued by emperors in the past dynasties to their officials due to famine events、Made、Edict、寰、Book (Policy)、Books and other oracles，And the memorial of the Minister of Economic Affairs and State Affairs summarizing the disasters and strange events、Table of contents、Zhazi (Zhezi)、Sealing matters、Bullet、Countermeasures and other documents，There are also talismans issued by the government to fight disasters and relieve famine、Post、檄、consultation、present、endowment、Shen、State、Official documents such as official documents，There are also prayers and blessings in response to disasters、Gold and stone inscriptions、Travel Notes、Poems, songs, etc. can also be included。These bet365 sign up bonus code documents are scattered in the political documents of the Ministry of History、Edict and Proposal、Fang Zhiyiwen、In archives and department compilation，The number of articles is extremely large。There are tens of thousands of "bet365 sign up bonus code relief" memorials from the Qing Dynasty in China's First Historical Archives，There are thousands of bet365 sign up bonus code documents in the "Compilation of Classics of Ming and Qing Dynasties", "Complete Ancient Texts of Three Dynasties, Qin, Han, Three Kingdoms and Six Dynasties", "Complete Tang Texts", "Complete Song Texts" and "Quan Yuan Texts"。Poems written by literati about disasters、Endowment、Ballad、Chronicle、Discussion、Preface (Postscript)、Sacrificial texts, etc.，Involving famine preparation、bet365 sign up bonus code relief and post-bet365 sign up bonus code social governance and other aspects，is an important literature resource that needs to be further explored and utilized in bet365 sign up bonus code history research。

　　The historical inheritance of the idea of ​​bet365 sign up bonus code reduction and famine relief

bet365 sign up bonus code ideology and culture are an integral part of bet365 sign up bonus code reduction in major countries。my country’s bet365 sign up bonus code ideology and culture has a long history，Yi shoots for ten days in ancient myths and legends、Jingwei Reclamation、Dayu controlled floods，Contains the spiritual connotation of ancient ancestors’ struggle against disasters。In the historical process of actively responding to natural disasters，Because it is subject to the concept of destiny，Following destiny and avoiding disasters、Five Elements Disasters、Mysterious concepts of disasters such as natural disasters，bet365 sign up bonus code culture is also represented by various bet365 sign up bonus code prayers and sacrificial rituals，In order to avoid bet365 sign up bonus code、Purpose of bet365 sign up bonus code relief。But behind the appearance of Yanmi’s bet365 sign up bonus code，It’s the combination of armpits、The spiritual power of unity。bet365 sign up bonus code culture can not only reflect the national governance capabilities of ancient society，It is the cultural soft power of major countries to reduce disasters，It is also a special cultural phenomenon bred by the national governance capabilities of traditional society。

The traditional bet365 sign up bonus code thinking reflects the obvious concept of national identity。In ancient my country, the occurrence of disasters was often linked to national political affairs，And regard it as a man-made cause of natural disasters。Whether it is the concept of bet365 sign up bonus code and destiny that was quite popular in the pre-Qin period，It was still a bet365 sign up bonus code after the Qin and Han Dynasties、The concept of disasters and famines caused by the five elements，The main body in responding to disasters is the king of a country，The object of cultivating virtue and eliminating disasters is also the state power that governs the world。

Because of the continuous development of bet365 sign up bonus code reduction in major countries，Traditional bet365 sign up bonus code thinking has also undergone corresponding changes，The concept of national identity in bet365 sign up bonus code culture has always been dominant and played a positive role。The pre-Qin thinker Xunzi paid more attention to bet365 sign up bonus code issues，He believes that "God behaves in a consistent manner，Not for Yao，Don’t die for Jie” ("Xunzi·Tian Lun")。But，If the whole country takes appropriate bet365 sign up bonus code prevention measures，"If you treat it, it will be good"，If you respond to chaos, it will lead to bet365 sign up bonus code" "Follow the road without hesitation，Then Heaven cannot bring bet365 sign up bonus code" ("Xunzi·Treatise on Heaven")，This is why Yu had floods for ten years，Tangyou suffered a seven-year drought，There is no famine in the country，"There is no other reason，It is also called knowing the origin and origin of the origin" ("Xunzi·Fuguo")。So，He advocates "building embankments and beams，Tonggouxi，Xing Shui Lun，An Shuizang，Determine the enemy with time" ("Xunzi: Kingship")。These bet365 sign up bonus code relief measures require the help of national-level operational decisions，In order to effectively implement and achieve bet365 sign up bonus code reduction effects。Guanzi believes that "the weather is ominous"，There will be floods and droughts；Not suitable for authentic use，There will be famine" ("Guanzi·Wufu")。He strongly advocates good governance，The five evils must be eliminated first，Actively implement the "Die Shui Ling" strategy，Tongguodu，Repair and defend，Anshuizang" ("Guanzi·Establishing Government")、"Prepare for hunger，bet365 sign up bonus code relief；Relief and exhaustion，The state has established "("Guanzi·Wufu") and other bet365 sign up bonus code relief measures。The core idea is to promote the importance of national identity in bet365 sign up bonus code management，And the necessity of bet365 sign up bonus code reduction and prevention in national governance。

Regarding the national tendency in the thought of famine，There is a clear understanding and accurate judgment in the field of bet365 sign up bonus code history research，The bet365 sign up bonus code coming from the sky is just an appearance，National governance of bet365 sign up bonus code reduction and prevention is the inherent essence of bet365 sign up bonus code thinking。In ancient bet365 sign up bonus code thinking, there is the passive thought of bet365 sign up bonus code and natural punishment in the Qin and Han Dynasties，There are also thoughts on famine preparation and bet365 sign up bonus code reduction in the Middle Ages and thoughts on the harmonious coexistence between man and nature since the late Qing Dynasty。In the evolution and spread of bet365 sign up bonus code thoughts，The element of natural disasters in the traditional understanding of disasters is gradually weakening，The content of national governance that actively responds to disasters is increasing day by day。

Since the 1960s，The cultural dimension of disasters and bet365 sign up bonus code prevention and reduction is gradually being paid attention to by bet365 sign up bonus code researchers and bet365 sign up bonus code reduction practitioners。Recurrence of historical bet365 sign up bonus code events，Make every individual’s life appear extremely fragile，Only unity，Form national action to respond to disasters，In order to achieve the ideal bet365 sign up bonus code reduction effect。bet365 sign up bonus code culture is the process of human beings coexisting with natural disasters，Collective wisdom summarized and passed on from generation to generation、Traditional knowledge and experience summary，The tendency of national identity in bet365 sign up bonus code culture is becoming increasingly obvious。

(This article is a phased result of the National Social Science Fund Project "Research on Historical bet365 sign up bonus code Writing and Documentation System" (18BZS154)

(The author is a professor at the Northwest Institute of Historical Environment and Economic and Social Development, Shaanxi Normal University)