As the leader of the Frankfurt School，Habermas' philosophical thought began in criticism of historical materialism，This criticism is undoubtedly self -consciousness that promotes historical materialism in contemporary development to re -show its vitality。but it is undeniable that，Habermas is planted by the reconstruction theory proposed by the theoretical of the communication theory created in history，It is not as the goal of the unsatisfactory potential of historical materialism as if its concept of rebuilding is to achieve。

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Like many representative theorists，Habermas interprets historical materialism as a social evolutionary theory。According to classic Marxism，The motivation for progress of human society is contained in productivity and production relationship、In the contradiction movement of economic foundation and upper -level buildings。According to this understanding，In the progress of human society，Productivity is the core and capable element of historical development，It is also the only element that fixes and acts as the basis of legitimacy。From this，Habermas thinks，Historical materialism loss of philosophy, reflection critical consciousness，The lack of standardized foundation for productivity。He asserts，Historical materialism "should not promise regular scientific descriptive requirements，and it seems to be a ‘critical’ social theory ”。When historical materialism, no longer try to make naturalism，So as to seek an objective result of bet365 Play online games empirical science，can historic materialism get rid of scientificism and become the real "history" philosophy。Habermas strongly avoids Hegel's logical understanding of history，Understand history as the real creation process of perceptual subject。In the process of creating the historical process，The learning mechanism plays an extremely important role，Except for productivity，The development of the standard structure also provides important motivation to social evolution in this process。So，The so -called "history" and "materialism"，This understanding should be made in historical materialism with social evolution as the theoretical orientation: the so -called historical，It should be used to reproduce all possible historical development motivations in historical time; and the so -called material material，The impact of regulatory elements in the field of production and reproduction need。

With its theoretical work "The Theory of Action Action",，Habermas uses the theory of communication as the legitimacy basis of its historical material reconstruction theory。Habermas thinks，Language is the root of existence，Language communication will inevitably promise to certain、inevitable validity requirements，That is authentic、Correct、Sincerely, etc.。Productivity pointing to authenticity requirements，He establishes social development in technology knowledge and organization technology，"Restricted in the field of productivity"，However，It also includes moral progress、Legal progress、System progress and other specifications，that is, the progress of cultural fields in the broad sense，and "Culture seems to play a more important role than many Marxists bet365 live casino games when they are transitioning to a new level of development"。Culture is the development of standardized structure，and the collective identity of the affected person built as a judgment criterion，It played an important role in the pacemaker ignored by Marx。

　　Tool rationality based on means

Control Max Weber's analysis of social rationality，Habermas believes that the two -way proposition of the evolution of social evolution from the perspective of behavior and regulating structure development should be analyzed from a behavioral perspective。Social rationalization is expanded in two rational directions，One is a tool rational behavior based on the selection of means and means，The other is a rational behavior of interaction for the purpose of consensus between mutual consensus。The former uses money and power as a medium，In particular, it is closely related to the improvement of the productivity that Marx said，It depends on the accumulation of knowledge。but，With the emphasis on this problem，The development of science and technology gradually has alienation color，and a certain level of ideological function。Malcusse is the one who is influenced by this in this way to the one -way person，So as to give science and technology to liberalize、The ideological attribute of the ruler intention。Of course，Active supporter of science and technology，Habermas does not agree with Malkase's view，In his opinion，The role of science and technology in modern social productivity development is irreplaceable，It is itself a productivity and the first productive force。The correct way should be an important potential based on the perspective of rebuilding theory。

Affected by the Husserl Phenomenon，Habermas introduce the concept of life world Bet365 lotto review into historical materialism reconstruction theory，And I recommend understanding the social integration of modern society from the perspective of the system and the world of life。An important function of the life world is the criticism and correction of the rational rationality of the tool，The foundation of its philosophy lies in the unique sexual function of the rational rationality。Specifically，Acting rationality based on the perspective of rebuilding theory provides the following three aspects of non -ideological theory of science and technology: First，Provide effective basis for science and technology。Science and technology progress is not simply based on the rational rationality of the instrumental tool，Instead, the positive discussion constraints that are required by the validity of the truth of the relationship，Truth demands are guaranteed through the requirements of communication effectiveness。2，Science and technology based on communication rationality can also prevent metaphysics of learning。Science and Technology not only has the role of conquering natural，and an important symbol for self -independence and self -transcendence during the evolution of the human group。third，It is also the most important，Provide standardized restraint for science and technology。The basis of language communication with rational language is based on a hypothetical state without suppression、No compulsory，No money、Conservation of the "Ideal Word Environment" of power guidance，Therefore, the institutional constraints of moral laws are provided by the foundation，Establish the correct value orientation for it。

　　The interaction between things and people

Through the above analysis, you can know，Habermas'Bet365 app download s theory of reconstruction of historical materialism has the motivation to maintain historical materialism，On the one hand, he tried to lay the basis for historical materialism，On the other hand, it also cleans philosophical obstacles for the development of modern science and technology。But when he tries to supplement historical materialism with his own communication theory，This reconstruction is unsuccessful。Habermas has a lot of questions about the concept of reconstruction of historical materialism，Select two points to discuss the following。

On the one hand，The concept of reconstruction theory。When Habermas uses reconstruction of materialism，Its goal is clear，That is, the theory is suitable for reconstruction that the premise of rebuilding is that it still has no potential，However, it is only because of the changes in the times, so it cannot be better adapt to the requirements of the times at the moment，Reconstruction of its profound ideological resources after reconstruction。This reconstruction theory is still the way to criticize the philosophy of Criticism，But to define historical materialism, the lack of philosophical critical consciousness is too arbitrary。Well -known，Historical materialism, in addition to providing a scientific theory that explains social development -Habermas is called naturalism，It is more important to revolutionize capitalism and provide the basis of legitimacy for future society，In this sense, historical materialism does not lack philosophical critical reflection consciousness。and Habermas use the theory of communication theory to transform historical materialism，The theory of communication is not applied as a supplementary or re -connection of various theories that have been bet365 live casino games reconstructed.，Instead, the theory of communication is used to replace historical materialism。In other words，Habermas has established a new model that is different from the historical materialist social analysis model，Historical materialism acts as the transitional role of its theory。

On the other hand，misunderstandings about historical materialism。Habermas is obviously influenced by Sartre and gives a humanistic interpretation of historical materialism。The reason why I do this，In Habermas realizing the existence of the problem of alienation，and try to deconstruct various alienation phenomena。But Habermas seems to have forgotten，The alienation phenomenon criticized by Marx is not only the alienation of things，Alienation of social relations。The concept of interaction also has a more broad meaning than Habermas's considers in historical materialism，Marx Engels clearly stated in "German Ideology"，Historical materialism is not only one side of labor，It also includes the side of Habermas's interaction，As it states: "The production itself is based on the relationship between individuals with each other。"Habermas to give way to the relationship between the relationship，Only the relationship between people and things, as the tool rational behavior mode，and the knowledge brought by it、Capital accumulation and irregular consciousness as a critical object，This obviously distorts the original meaning of historical materialism。and，He builds the philosophical foundation of historical materialism on the requirements of language communication validity requirements as the theory of communication，Also misunderstand historical materialism，Habermas's theoretical development in the later period, especially prove this。

　(Author Unit: School of Marxism, Shandong University of Finance and Economics)