Restore Marxist humanitarian nature through alienation，It is the common theme of the new Marxism in Eastern Europe。Based on the criticism of the critical direction created by Lucari，Eastern European New Marxists start from the youth Marx Thought，Zhang Yang's humanitarian characteristics，and clearly distinguish between the methodology of Marx's humanitarian and empiricalist methodology，Then a deep criticism of the latter，Try to save Marx's dialectics from pure reflection on the discussion。Although the criticism of the new Eastern European new Marxism is based on extremist Marxism as a real object，But this criticism may understand the humanities and natural sciences in the context of Western cultural backgrounds that can be understood for us.、Experience and rational dispute provides theoretical critical dimensions。

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The metaphysical system since modern times is based on the basis of natural sciences，Smart and practical rationality of the technical rationality have a inverted purpose and means，Scientific 僭 僭 僭, which was originally used as a means of human self -realization, became the purpose itself。Alduse uses "science" to refer to the division of Marx theory，But was criticized by Shaf, Marcivic and others。Shafu pointed out that there is no "science" that is exterior in human beings，Marcivic also believes that any science cannot get rid of the application of people，Therefore, science is essentially based on humanitarianism。but，Marcivic reflects "with humanitarian philosophy as its foundation，The direction of the entire humanization process is Bet365 app download pointed out ... also correctly pointed out the science that contains the possibility of human tomorrow "，Lost the principle of humanitarianism in reality，Lost its own surpassing dimension，The contradictions of facts and values ​​are reflected everywhere。That is to say，In modern times, the way of empiricalism of science has made science itself a collection of objective knowledge。

Western society，Lost of the overall dimension of science，Make it reduced to instead of being replaced by empirical science or objective knowledge、Science in a state of alienation，Its historic、Practical connotation and other essential connotations are blocked，and are constructing a deadly death、In the process of non -humanistic society, play a huge role。First，Contemporary Western science is not under the control of human beings，Become a real force that meets human beings，Instead of the opposite，Humans become slaves to science and technology。Next，In Western Society，Science and technology did not obtain overall development in the direction that conforms to human value specifications，and integrate human society，Instead, it makes people more and more alienated。Last，The creative labor between a small number of people in modern technology and the division of labor between the simple and boring labor that most people is forced to work，has gradually replaced the traditional division of mental labor and physical labor，The power to master science and technology is increasingly concentrated in the hands of a few people，Become a monopoly of contemporary society、Emphasized means of hegemony and oppression。At the same time，The function of science itself is also reduced to pure and fragmented mastery of knowledge，Education becomes the teaching of objective knowledge，and bet365 best casino games its humanitarian essence is ignored。I have to say，This is also one of the important roots of scientific and technological division of science and technology in contemporary education。

Marx thinks，Science is an important dimension of human essence，and always examine science in the development perspective of human history。Science is an important foundation for realizing a humanitarian society，In this sense，Save science from the situation of alienation，It is an important way to realize the future humanitarian society，At the same time, it is also a key link that cannot be leaned out in the process of human beings.。Therefore，The humanitarian nature of science must be restored，Rebuild the overallness of science on the humanitarian foundation and practical standards。But，Empirical methodology due to its own limitations，It can not fully and correctly reveal people’s historical activities，Then it cannot truly show the unified relationship between people's practice and science at the methodology level。Therefore，We must completely criticize the empiricalist methodology，Make the overall reconstruction of science on the basis of the empirical relationship and the value relationship in the historical level of the actual level of human survival and reveal the dialectical unity of the value relationship at the historical level。From the perspective of New Marxism in Eastern Europe，This methodology must be Marx's dialectics。

　Revelation of scientific methodology

Among the representatives of the New European New Marxism，Marcivich's humanitarian understanding of Marx's dialectics is unique。He thinks，Methodism is the practice and expansion of human survival，The theoretical results of "self -realization of people in history"。Human Bet365 app download beings in the practice of history，Always constantly transform the world and its own，Never theoreticalization，to abstract methodology with universal significance。That's why，Any methodology is a summary of experience on the basis of human practice，Is the theoretical form of practice "post -test"。but，For those in the current historical conditions and cultural traditions，They always face the results of their predecessors and the theoretical summary，So methodology is also a "prior" theoretical form as a practical foundation。Therefore，Is the methodology scientific，Depending on whether this method theory itself contains the dimension that transcends and critical，Can you obtain the consciousness of the theoretical method，The status that is about to continue to be criticized and revised by the criticism and correction of historical practice。Converse，It will be caught in the mortar of methodology in non -historical use。

So，Scientific methodology can only be used as the theoretical basis of the theoretical summary of human past historical practice and the current practice，Dialectical dialectics that are unified as "post -test" and "priority"。

Marx Dialectics is the theoretical form of the human history process。A alienated science is due to the limitation of the actual evidence，Dedicated to the arrangement and summary of the phenomenon，Pay attention to the verification of the experience level。But，Under the premise that alienation becomes a common phenomenon of society，The so -called scientific methodology starting from experience and phenomena will definitely be out of the perspective of history，Become a means of defense for reality，So as to lose its own critical dimension。Non -historical methods can only form non -historical Bet365 lotto review theories，In this theory，The contradiction between the human survival can only be displayed by the thinking form of dual opposition -the opposition between the subject and the object and the inevitable opposition，means，Empirical methodology can only demonstrate objective logic at the empirical level，but cannot deepen the level of human survival，Critical consciousness at the value level cannot be obtained。but，Science is just a concrete manifestation form in the process of human self -realization，Science as a historic overall，Can't just start from experience and phenomena，should start from the living situation of people，Because scientific methodology is the same as the theoretical description of human history and practice。Marx Dialectics reveals the contradictions of human survival and the overall history of contradictions，Therefore，Rather than saying that Marx dialectics is a methodology that can correctly describe the overallness of science，It is better to say that dialectics itself is human practice activity，Then the theoretical result of science itself。So here，Dialectics obtained the legitimacy as a scientific methodology。

　Marxist "critical theory" positioning

As described above，Empiricals of scientific methodology only have effectiveness at the experience level，It proposes the theoretical system of assumptions through the summary of experience and phenomena，can only be used as the first step of science，Still need to be tested and criticized for historical practice。but，This methodology not only has not placed itself in the criticism of the criticism of historical practice，Instead, it has expanded itself to the entire historical field，This，With the mathematical logic of natural science，We seem to be able to start from simple continuity，A inevitable conclusion bet365 best casino games beyond the limited experience。But，Hume has already pointed out the dilemma brought by this limited experience conclusion as the foundation of causal law，Questions about inevitability，Make the restraint of breaking the theory of life becoming possible，Even the fate theory we face is put on the scientific coat。On the contrary，Marx Dialectics not only places itself in a critical position，thus becoming a real historical method，The theoretical description of self -surpassing nature in the process of human history is，reveals the infinite possibilities of human future。Therefore，Humanitarianism as its basis，Direction of the entire humanity process，Science that points out the possibility of human tomorrow，It should also follow the principle of humanitarian dialectics，In the criticism of human practice as the standard，Limited to get rid of the empirical linear thinking mode，In the unity of facts and value，In infinite possibilities and creativity，Give play to the basic role of realizing humanitarian society。

It can be said，Eastern Europe's new Marxism's criticism of empirical methodology not only strongly fight back in reality, the understanding of the purely reflected theory of Marx's dialectics，and theoretically, the "Marxist dimension" that has criticized modernity in theory，Historically merged into the theme and trend of modernity reflection worldwide，Make Marx dialectics get a new historical interpretation。New Europe，The humanitarian ideas of Marx in a certain direction，but，The positioning of the "critical theory" of Marxism，While correctly revealing Marxist traits，There is also the danger of placing it in the limit of pure "theoretical critical"。For example，When Shaf's alienation as an omnipotent social phenomenon，The Bet365 app download critical object of Marxism has become a "alienation world" built and expanded by theory。

　(Author Unit: Nanjing University Foreign Marxist flow station、Marxism College of the Party School of the Heilongjiang Provincial Party Committee of the Communist Party of China)