Marxist text research in strict sense，Not to restore the creative situation、Literature status and main details of literature research，Instead, it should be a version test、Unification of text interpretation and ideological interpretation。Where，Ideological interpretation as the final purpose of the research of Marxist text，It mainly includes the following four levels of content: one is the inherent logic presented based on version testing and text interpretation; second, the evolution process of text thought，Criticism of thought、Inheritance and development; Third, the reproduction of basic principles and important propositions，That is, the "fresh" discussion of the principles or propositions refined from the history of thought; fourth, the solution of realistic problems or the revealing of the actual significance，Because thought is an objective reflection of the result of thinking activity in people's consciousness，It is an objective reality that is the scope of reality。This can be seen，Realistic question consciousness is the meaning of the question of Marxist text research。With Marxist classic "Capital" as the entry point，You can make a certain reasonable explanation of the above perspective。

　　Bet365 app download New definition of text nature

"Reality" in the philosophical sense，Popularly, "facts" plus "essence"。In other words，Like the front and back of a coin，"Thought" and "Reality" itself exist as two aspects of the same thing.。Correspondingly，The philosophical connotation of "realistic problems" should include the following aspects: one，Not all existing are reality，Social phenomena or events with the characteristics of the era and its development trend can be described as "realistic problems"; the second，It is not the problem of the present era is the "real problem"，Each era has its own "practical problem";，Abstract expression of the development trend and main problems of the era of its time，Some important ideological trends and theoretical trends are also the scope of "realistic problems"。

According to the above understanding, the "Capital Bet365 app download theory"，It is not just an abstract theoretical expression，or Marx's summary of this experience and facts on its own life experience，Instead of the refinement of the real problems of his era、Analysis、Answer，In -depth exploration of the basic realistic issues that almost run through all the era of human beings -the law of social and historical development。See you and this，"Capital" researchers should first go back to its creative process，Clarify the social reality and its development status at that time to clarify the main reality issues; then compare the relevant discussions in "Capital Theory"，View whether it is closely linked to the pulse of the development of the times、Can it be comprehensively and objectively presenting real problems、The crux of the disease that has not clearly realized the problem of real problems，Then form a unique and profound solution, etc.; Finally, I will refine the containing it、The ideological perspective that can rise to the methodology level。

In addition，"Capital" as the theoretical expression of the real problem of Marxist thought，It should be inspected in the ideological map of the era and various intricate theoretical events。Only the trend of direct or indirect connection with Marx，Such as German classical philosophy、British Classical Political Economics、French socialist doctrine, etc.，Comparison of different interpretations of the same actual problem，Even the ideological history of thought and social practice after the comparative research was extended to Marx，"Capital Theory" can show the transcendence and depth of thought。The huge changes in time and space make people unable to find a ready -made answer from the "Capital Theory" to solve the current realistic problems。But，In the current era, the process of "historical transformation to world history" revealed by Marx，This also determines that "Capital" can provide important methods for interpretation and grasping realistic problems of modern times。

　　Real problems change inDecisiveness of the change of text structure

The existing literature indicates，The chapter arrangement of "Capital" is an open structure that Marx is constantly adjusted according to the changes in real problems。Division from the chapter of different versions of the first volume -the six chapter structure Bet365 app download of the first edition of German、Seven Twenty -five Structures of the 2nd Edition of German、Seven and 33 structures of the first edition of French and French editions。As for Marx's did not complete the second、Three volumes of the reasons for the fixed manuscript，Except for health，It is not a decline in thinking ability in old age、Seriously underestimating its own procrastination, etc.，The profound changes in real problems greatly exceed the original idea of ​​Marx。This means，Topic historical development and social change process with Britain，Although it is bound to affect the western European society and the entire capitalist world，But the rules of modern society revealed from this cannot be fully applied to other countries。

In fact，1873 The world economic crisis lasted for several years and did not reach its peaks，and the adjustment of various monetary policies is continuously relieved，It has always been unable to develop to the extent of the "detonation" proletarian revolution。The failure of the Paris Commune indicates that international organizational forms have become the workers' movement，Coupled with the "confusion audiovisual" of various wrong trends，Make the worldwide proletarian revolution in a trough。For this，Marx expands the study field to the "prehistoric history" of capitalism，By analyzing major historical events in Western European society and the development of different nations countries，Reveal economic factors、Political factors、Religious factors, such as the shaping role of capitalist civilization，The theoretical framework of the historical view of materialism from a certain extent，That is, the reflection and reconstruction of the philosophical foundation of political economy represented by "Capital Theory"。

Not only that，Marx also focuses on the development road issues of Eastern society, especially Russian rural communes，Analysis pointed out the necessary conditions for backward Russia's Capidin Canyon "Kavin Gorge"，If you actively absorb the advanced achievements of capitalism、Excluding the adverse effects of capitalist production relations、The promotion of internal self -revolution and the support of the entire European revolution，also emphasized the explanation Bet365 lotto review limit of "Capital"。From Marx's view，completely ignore the social and historical environment of different nation -states，The "historical overview of the origin of Western European capitalism into the historical overview of the origin of Western European capitalism into the historical philosophy theory of the origin of Western European capitalism"，Not only does it help the interpretation of the historical elephants，Instead, because of the superb history, it cannot achieve the purpose of becoming a historical philosophy。

　　Around the real problemMethodism contained in text interpretation

Do not contact reality Questions，Starting from a single discipline division and its methods，Go to measure the social and historical maps depicted by Marx in "Capital"，Misunderstandings are bound to be trapped。On the surface，Currency is a symbol of social wealth、Economic phenomenon that is commonplace。It can actually be transformed into capital with strong creative power under capitalist production.，It becomes a thing that reflects the survival situation and historical fate of all levels of society。Yi Yanzhi，The external form conversion of the currency and the evolution of internal relationships，It exists as a real problem。Similarly，Commodity、Value form、Capital Special、Capital general、Capital Special、ownership、Capital original accumulation, etc.，It is not a simple economic category，but the performance of social production relations。In the analysis of these practical problems，Condensing Marx's deep thinking，Especially the perspective that can rise to the methodology level。

Based on this，The following situations can be seen: the individual of reality and the material production of material in a certain social relationship，is the starting point for criticism of political economy; the economic category and specific real relationship，Including dialectical relationships in simple categories and specific categories、The applicability of the economic category to a certain social form、The same economic category is the difference between different social forms, etc.; observe and grasp the logic and historical unified method of observing and grasping social complex systems、The overall dialectics of production; reveal the law of the economic movement of modern society from the dimension of bet365 live casino games the society，To shorten or reduce the "pain" brought by social change; the necessity and possibility of communism lies in the development of human freedom。

Refine methodology from the analysis of the actual problems of "Capital Theory"，It can also be resorted to the comparative study of Marx in the contemporary thinker。In fact，How to view the relationship between philosophy and political economy、So as to achieve their inherent integration，Is Marx、Hegel、Smith、Li Jiatu and other common reality problems。As Engels said: "Here we must solve another problem that has nothing to do with the political economy itself。What method should be used to treat science? " in，Hegel did not use moral philosophy to take political economics in moral philosophy，Instead, the freedom of freedom in the spirit of ethics is the main line，Family、Civil society、The unity of political state，Therefore, it has a strong historical foundation。This kind of grand historical concept of processing economics materials from the same history，Although the true relationship of ideological evolution and historical development "head and foot reverse"，But provides a starting point for the logic method。Marx stripped the above "reasonable kernel" from its ideal "shell"，Establish dialectics in the simple form of its correct form，and used in the criticism of political economics，Achieved a result that is no less than the materialist world view。This achievement is by no means a proof of the unified method of logic and history，It contains the deep meaning of how history leads to reality，How to show your original appearance as historical decisions of history、How to describe history can better realize the valid tenure with the modern times、How can the theory originated from practice?，These contents need to be further excavated。

　　The contemporary value and of the textCracking of real problems in the current era

As early as "Capital" was initially gaining a wide range of influence，Marx is aware of the consequences of bringing it to the theory of general historical philosophy，And this emphasizes the specific analysis of different social and historical conditions in the importance of the "Capital theory" method of reference。It can be known for the same reason，System inspection very different and complex Bet365 app download social environment，It is a prerequisite for solving today's realistic problems in combination with "Capital"。From the perspective of the development of human society and the evolution of the form of civilization，"Capital Theory" try to solve this realistic problem: when the capitalist society appears in the form of human civilization,，Why do capital gain independence rather than reality? How to change modern society led by capital logic，Realize human freedom and comprehensive development? Time advances to today of the 21st century，Facing capital logic still dominates the actual problem of human life，What is the nature of capital?、Do you need capital、How to control capital logic、The relationship between artificial intelligence and capital logic geometry、How can ecological civilization develop from the domination of capital、Where does the person's freedom and personality go from，You can fully learn from the relevant discussion in "Capital"。

"Capital Theory" pushed the real problem of capital criticism to the peak of Marx's era。Deep changes in the capitalist world then，Makes people never stop the analysis and criticism of capital。Later generations are inherited the "edge" of the criticism of the criticism of the capital of "Capital"，Deeply recognize the various adjustments of capital、Transformation or even mutation。This can be seen，"Capital" must be placed in the ideological development sequence of capital criticism，Fang can fully show the contemporary value of the ideological change achieved by Marx。

，The rapid development of globalization since the 1980s，Directly related to the theoretical status of "Capital"。Employment labor involved in "Capital"、Currency worshiping teaching、Capital worship、"Trinity" sacred formula is deep -rooted and fascinated such as actual problems，Still appearing in the process of capital globalization。Compared to the era of Marx，The actual consequences of the above problems、The root cause of the economic root and the nature of society does not form substantial differences。With the strong economic strength and the monopoly of advanced technology，Capitalist multinational company、National Capital Creation will produce more and more extensive international division of labor and international bet365 live casino games competition。From this perspective，The actual problem analysis of "Capital" has a broad theoretical value space。Not only that，Graduation of the historical significance of the world of the Chinese road，Urgent requesting us to based on China's national conditions and development paths，Reveal the new features from it、New role、New Trend，Salvation of practical experience into ideas to build a tree。This undoubtedly provides historical opportunities for re -examining the contemporary significance of "Capital Theory"。

　　(This article is the National Social Science Fund Youth Project "Research on Capital" Philosophy and Thoughts of Capital (19CZX003) phased achievement)

(Author Unit: Institute of Philosophy of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)