The problem of epistemology is the basic problem of philosophy。Episiguing in ancient Greek philosophy as the pursuit of the certainty of truth，In modern European philosophy, the problem of epistemology is presented as the dual opposition of empirical theory and the theory of only theory。The era of Classical Philosophy of Germany，Kant tried to comprehensively judge the dual theory of blending and understanding，Hegel will turn to the end of the truth to the whole grasp of the rational link and process。But in the tradition of conceptual theory，The theory of epistemology has always been presented as an abstract rational movement，It has caused the dilemma that cannot be unified with perceptual richness and rationality。Marx's summary、Based on the previous epistemology of criticism and inheritance，Discard the abstraction of German conceptual theory with realistic perceptual practice，At the same time, it has overcome the limitations of Ferbaha's simplicity and intuition，The theory of Marxism with the perspective of materialist dialectics and scientific practice。In the study of contemporary epistemology and cognitive scientific research，We must be alert to the subject of the subject.，It is also necessary，This must highlight the practical view of Marxist epistemology and the guidance function of the historical view of materialism。

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The philosophy of ancient Greece began in "Determine Seek"，Philosophers Facing the question of the nature of the world and the nature of things，Study and understand the problem from the object object，Explore the certainty of the world and how to specify this certainty，Try to explain how people grasp the determined truth in the complicated phenomenon。Simple materialists generally acknowledge the feeling bet365 live casino games of sensory reflection，Helk Lite、Enbie Dockeler、Democlete thinks，Feeling can distinguish things，But it is troublesome to feel the change of feeling，Unable to obtain constant truth in sensory knowledge。Democylite's self -abolition in his later years to drive away sensory interference and pursue the truth of the truth，It is the extreme expression of this trouble。And idealists complain to the principles of rationality in the heart。Bamenid distinguish between truth and opinions，There is no truth in the opinion of sensual，Truth can only be grasped by rational logic。Plato's "Memories" thinks，The priority of the truth is stored in the soul，Discovering the truth is just the "midwife" through the Rogers dialogue，Recalling it again。Although they have established some certainty through the principle of internal rationality，But it is difficult to give persuasive arguments to the problem of "increasing knowledge"。Because of the epistemology of Greek philosophers，Whether materialist or idealist，Both attach their own body theory pursuit，That is, looking for some kind of abstract body as the basis for truth，The gap between the emotional richness and the constant nature of the sensibility is difficult to leap in。

The so -called "epistemology" revolution of modern European philosophy，The theme of the process and ability of the person as the key to the philosophy，But still unable to solve the above gap。Philosophers Choose different roads of sensibility and rationality，The argument of only theory and empirical theory。Experience theory thinks，Everything is the source feeling，"Everyone in the intellect，It must be in the feeling first "; only theory thinks，Relying on the rational knowledge of experience that does not depend on changes，is the only reliable "truth"。Both of them hold one end，But the development of experience and the theory develops to the extreme，However, it has moved to unknown theory Bet365 app download and mysteriousism, respectively，"Truth" is trapped in a binary paradox that is unknown and arbitrary theory。Kant saw the one -sided nature of empiricalism and theoretical respective theory，It proposed a congenital comprehensive judgment to solve the general problem of comprehensive knowledge。But Kant's solution still has to face the "auto"，and the new binary opposition from this。Hegel clarifies thinking and existence on the basis of idealism、Dialectics of the subject and object，No longer understanding the understanding of truth as a grasp of the truth，Instead of understanding it as one including many links、The process of continuously negating development，and proposed dialectics、This body theory、The principle of consistent epistemology，This has opened up the possibility of methodology for Marx to break through the understanding of the understanding of the understanding of the principles of practical principles.。Dani's understanding process is still a rational logic movement process，The movement of the concept replaced the actual movement。Ferbaha, although insisting on the reflection of materialism，But he abstracts the subject of the recognition，I can only understand the world in an intuitive way，It still stays at the level of the theory of reflection of old materialism，I cannot solve the problem of epistemology faced by German classical philosophy。Compared with ancient philosophy，The theory of modernization, although the awareness ability to examine the subject，But this subject is actually just an abstract rational cognitive subject，An subject that is disconnected from reality。Knowing is drawn from daily practice，The process of seeking a pure and pure concept world through the transcendent contemplation，History proves that this conceptual theory cannot get out of the dilemma of epistemology。

　　The contemporary significance of the historical theory of Marx

Summary、Based on the previous epistemology of criticism and inheritance，bet365 best casino games Marx's philosophical revolution has changed the form and content of epistemology，Leading epistemology to a new scientific direction。Sensory is the important dimension of Marx's interpretation of the real world，"People" in Marx's Vision is the emotional "real individual"，"World" is "Senior World"，The process of understanding and transforming the world，It is the process of sensual production，Sensory is the starting point of understanding the experience of real world。Marx critical various abstract conceptual theories，Opposition to the concept、Wide things such as essence and other things abstractly override above the emotional world，The specific historical context of opposing the conscious activity departs from the emotional reality。In "Outline of Ferbaha"，Marx deeply pointed out，"All previous materialism -the main disadvantage of Ferbaha's materialism -the main disadvantage is:、Reality、Sensory，Just understand from the object or intuitive form，instead of treating them as a perceptual activity for people，Understand as a practice，Not understood from the main body。So，The result is like this，Contrary to materialism，Idealism has developed the active aspect，But just developed abstract，Of course, because of idealism, I don’t know the reality、Senior activity itself "。Old materialism and idealism cannot solve the problem of epistemology，The fundamental reason is that they discuss the person’s cognitive process in the way of "purely the philosophy of the hospital，Not understanding the perceptual object in an intuitive abstract form，It is to understand the reason of people in the abstract form of concept。Sensory cover will lead to the loss of human reality，Because the existence of a person is a real emotional activity，instead of abstract pure consciousness activities。Abstract concepts not only cannot reach the truth，The ideology of its manufacturing will turn into the shackles of "real individual"。

But Marx is not an empiricist bet365 live casino games who only stays in perceptual，Liberation to the real world must be completed through human perceptual practical activities。Marx introduced "practice" into the theory of epistemology，Revolutionary revolutionary changes in epistemology。Marxism takes human social practice as the basis of epistemology，Think of practice is the primary principle of epistemology。Marxism takes human social practice as the basis of epistemology，This is not a problem of theory，but a practical problem。People should prove the truth of their thinking in practice，That is the reality and strength of your own thinking，This shore nature of my thinking。The reality or non -reality of the thinking of leaving practice，Is a question of pure philosophy of the hospital。"" Question of truth，Convert from theoretical problems to practical problems，is the core essential meaning of the Marx of the Revolution of the Cognitive Theory，The key to exposing the dilemma of traditional conceptual theory。From Marx's eyes，Can't just discuss the truth of the truth at the conscious level，The truth you know produces in human practical practice，can only be tested in practical practice。Engels also pointed out，Experience obtained by observation，It will never be fully proved，"Mustful proof is in people's activities，It is in the experiment，Dedicated in labor: If I can cause post HOC (after this，Author's Note)，Then it is with the Propter HOC (so，Author's Note) Wait "。Marxism's practical theory breaks the unknown theory of extreme empirical theory and the mysteriousism of extreme theory。As Marx pointed out: "Social life is essentially practical。Every mysterious thing that causes theory to lead to mysteriousism，4625_4651。”

The practice of Marx's understanding is not an abstract practice concept，but real human activities in specific history。Marx's Cognition Revolution，Not a revolution in pure philosophy，Instead, it is linked to the revolutionary movement of his pursuit of human liberation，is Bet365 app download the scientific methodology of grasping social historical reality.。Marx pointed out in "German Ideology": "We should first determine the first premise of all human survival，This is the first premise of all history ... First of all, you need to eat, drink, live and wear, and other things。Therefore, the first historical activity is to produce information that meets these needs，The production material life itself。"In many practical activities of human beings，The most fundamental activity is the production of material data，Material data production method determines the structure of society、Nature and appearance，Restricted people’s economic life、political life and spiritual life all social life。Material History View through productivity and production relationship、Economic foundation and upper -level buildings、Dialectics of social existence and social consciousness，A scientific understanding of human society，Find a solid and reliable social reality foundation for the evolutionary progress of human knowledge，Provides people with a strong ideological weapon for people to understand the world correctly and transform the world。"philosophers just explain the world in different ways，The question is to change the world "，Marx's Cognition Revolution，The revolutionary movement must be returned to the real history，Putting the History of History，and perform in historical practice、Implement、Test and Development itself，Eventually service service for human liberation。

In Contemporary Cognitive Science，Self -perception appears and set off a wave，Classic cognitive sciences based on characterism and computingism is subverted，People have re -examined their minds、Border between the body and the world。Under the perspective of body cognition，Human cognitive behavior is no longer regarded as an abstraction based on symbols or logic，but rooted in body and specific experience，The body of the subject is a presence of a body bet365 Play online games and brain。but，These studies will also face new dilemma，That is, whether you can simply be restored to the physiological of the brain -physical incident，Whether it is out of social reality has become a reflection of passive and intuitive external stimuli，Criticism of scientific research paradigms that lack reflection。Contemporary Cognition and Cognitive Science Research should avoid this problem，It is necessary to change and redefine the attributes of the world we are facing in the scientific paradigm，You also need to understand the guidance of the theory more scientifically，This highlights the guidance meaning of the Marx's Copywood Revolution。

　(Author Unit: Marxist College of Northwest University of Technology)