Wang Shoutai (1908-1992)，Word Zhanyan，Suzhou people。Wang Jilie Four Son。Since childhood, he has been influenced by family and involved in Kunqu，Learning old students、Scarf Sheng、Official student、Net and other lines。1946，Helping his father Wang Jilie sorted out the "Popular Songs" and began to involve the study of song science，I made important contributions to promoting the study of the law of Kunqu Qu。

Research on Wang Shou Tai Kun's theory mainly includes the Kunquan monographs of the Kun opera "Kunqus" in the 1950s，Discussion on the theory and laws of Kunqu rhythm; in the 1980s, the book "Kunqu Qu and Number of Set Examples" edited by him showed his research concept of Kunqu music; in 1982, he published in the Journal of Suzhou University in 1982. The article of the theoretical research and higher education of Kun opera is his summary of how he should guide the practice of art in Kun opera。As the theorist of Kunquan Opera，Wang Shoutai's research specially focuses on the following four aspects。

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"Kunqu Ge" Chapter 1 is the title "Words"，Sort on the problem of words and sound from the source，Introduction of the development of Chinese characters and the advantages and disadvantages of various rhyme books related to Kunqu opera，Words related to Kunqu opera，Northern and South Songs' in Voice、Method、Conversion of words and word rhyme。Chapter 5 of Chapter 2 "Singing the Music Method"、Section VI "Factors of the Influential Quality"、Section 7 "The reflection of the single characters in the cavity"、Section 11 "Discussion on Entry" and other chapters involved words and sound problems。Chinese tone characteristics make the tissue of songs and tunes in line with the objective laws of Chinese language tones。Research words can solve the sound、Rhyme、Questions in three aspects。The words "Back to Bai Four and Two Sings" in the opera，Think of Bai bet365 live casino games Nian is the word。The word sound of opera is the word head、Word belly、The three parts of the word are with the aria、Music phase coordination，For the performance of Kunquan，Mastering the word sound is the necessary condition for accurately grasping the blame and singing。Although the song used in Kunqu opera is recorded in the rhyme book，But due to the early recording work of lack of sound，In addition, the voice is constantly changing，Makes today people's pronunciation of Kunqu is often confused。The word "Zhongzhou Yunu Su Yin" used in Kunqu opera is different from the modern word sound，and many words are based on North and South Songs、Different characters，Pronunciation is also different。Due to the cooperation between Kunqu's words and vocals, the relationship is very close，The songs of the past generations use the pronunciation of the pronunciation as the top priority of the Xi。Therefore，Wang Shoutai placed "Words" in the first place in "Kunqu Ge"，High scientific and necessity。

When involving four sounds of yin and yang，Wang Shoutai uses Chinese pinyin to analyze it，Find the rules。"Qu Yin and 'Suzhou Yin" has a close relationship ... The main influence of Qu Yin is the reading sound，Only the characters such as ‘pay’ ‘ugly’，Suzhou spoken words and phonetics are often used in Bai Zhong。"" Qu Yin and Beijing words、Henan Fangyin also has a close relationship。Wang Shoutai compares the Suzhou Yin and Beijing sound carefully，Think of "distinguish between sound and removing sound with Suzhou sounds，Fer does not use the convenience of distinguishing from Beijing Yin to，But in distinguishing、After going，Depending on the yin、Yang，Then it is necessary to use Suzhou sound。》》 Then use Henan Yin and Beijing to compare，The words such as "falling" and "country" in Henan sound are exactly the same as the reading method in the north song，Explain that Henan's audio word is placed on a part of the cavity of the upper voice in Kunqu opera and the reading method of Binbai Zhongyou words。Words are very important bet365 Play online games for Kunqu opera，It affects Kunqu music and singing oral method，These artistic features that constitute Kunqu opera。Correct mastering of words is also a must -have skill for Kunqu opera rhyme and studying Kunqu opera。

　Clarify the "main cavity" theory

"The number of sets is the core of the characteristics of Kunqu opera，Never leave the number of sets to know Kunqu。The theoretical basis of the number of sets is the main cavity rule。"" Song Word "and" Gu Qu Chen Tan "mentioned in [Xian Lu] [Long Shot] in the four words must be used in the words，When Wang Shoutai analyzes the example sentences of five legends，I find that I rarely follow this format，Instead, it is mostly used to use the spectrum to do law。He thinks，"(Music analysis) The purpose is not to find the traditional format of the song brand，Negative obey，Instead, think about it from a positive aspect，Recommended analysis of the method of the song and ruler spectrum，Find out a certain piece of fonts and sentenceg，Determine which words must be rigorous，Which words can be wide and vertical "。"Lu Lu Qu Tan" proposes the concept of the main cavity，but did not make specific analysis。Wang Shoutai analyzes and statistics on a large number of tunes，It is found that which words in the song can be determined through the main cavity，Which are lining; what kind of basic forms include the main cavity in the same score，As long as the main cavity melody is satisfied in the fixed position，You can relax slightly in other places，Taking a spectrum。Clarify the main cavity，You can have a basis when you write lyrics，It is easy to create lyrics that conform to the laws of Kunqu opera。

The number of sets is the song brand combination，It is manifested in music。Wang Shoutai thinks，When facing traditional sets，First of all, we should measure the strength of the number of sets。Strict compliance，Weak suit is combined with the flexible changes in the plot。Traditional song judgers believe that there is a clear relationship between the emotion and the palace tone of the music，However, the palace itself has never explained Bet365 app download its essence，After Wang Shoutai's research, it is believed that the palace adjustment should be the classification of the composition card。Although a certain song can reflect a certain emotional atmosphere，But the relationship is not as simple and obvious as the song judgers are summarized，Use spectrum skills can also change emotion。Pay attention to the same sex of the main cavity of the song when writing，Regardless of the number of southern song sets or the number of northern songs，or north and south together，Both should maintain the consistency of the atmosphere and the development of the plot。The rhythm changes in the score in the number of sets、Lejun、There is a regular form of changes，Do not put together at will。

　　Inheritance innovation

Wang Shoutai’s Kunqu Opera inheritance concept is the equivalent of inheritance and innovation。He thinks，Innovation aims to retain the art essence of Kun opera，Follow the law of the development of Kun opera。If you only retain traditional，Unable to innovate development，So this art is also on the verge of death。For how to retain the traditional question，Wang Shoutai made a twenty -four -character summary of the traditional literature and art characteristics of Kun opera: "Structural set fold，Patients; Number of Set Set，Grab the main cavity;，Fonts from width。"" He thinks，The Kun opera script in the new period has achieved a shrinking length to short，But the requirements that have not reached the independent art unit per folding and can be performed independently。This is the requirements for the structure of the Kunji drama。For music，Kunqu opera is "mainly singing，The soundtrack is a guest "。Different from Western operas, you only need to consider lyrics emotion to sound，Kunqu opera needs to consider the word sound，This is the common feature of Chinese Chinese opera drama。Words and music、Words and Sentences，All need to cooperate closely，The need for more composition skills。

Kun opera art revival is not retro，Instead, it is necessary to revive the fine tradition in Bet365 lotto review the art of Kun opera。Wang Shoutai when it comes to the law，Comparison Shen Yan、Tang Xianzu、The perspective of the three of Gao Yan，Think that "Gao Yan can be combined without the law of Quques without mud，Alive but not chaotic，Personal use of principles，instead of being detained，Should the most of us "。

"Personally use the principle，Not detained "，This is the core point of view of Wang Shoutai's inheritance and innovation of Kun opera。Adhering to this concept，Combined with the Twenty -four Principles，Wang Shoutai summarizes the writing procedure of Kun opera as: the first step，Full of the whole drama，The protagonists in the divided into subtraction are not restricted by the main supporting characters of the whole drama; the second step，There is a field in the discount，Pay attention to the cooperation of singing and white portion; step 3，Organizational sets，Consider the applied emotion here、Differentiated the main cavity of the song card and the flute color used; the fourth step，lyric spectrum，Author generally finds the main cavity，The preliminary draft requires the words on the main cavity position to be free，Non -main cavity focuses on the decoration of the text，Press the cavity to compose，Repeat modification。

　　Put forward the construction of the discipline of Kunqu Opera

Wang Shoutai thinks，The failure of the law to continue to develop is an important reason for the failure of the Kun opera.。Promoting Quick Research，is to promote the traditional literature and art of Kun opera。Kun opera is a comprehensive art，Including literature、Music、Art、Knowledge of a variety of disciplines such as dance，Face such a multi -branch、Multi -professional comprehensive research，Wang Shoutai believes that the "Kun opera science" discipline should be established separately，implemented in higher education。Disposal research is not conducive to the development of Kun opera research，Establishment of Kunqu Opera Discipline is for better rescue、Inheritance、Innovation、Develop Kunqu Opera theory，So as to bet365 best casino games serve the artistic practice of Kun opera。

Wang Shoutai in the wide range of research scope of Kun opera theory，I have raised the problem that needs to be studied urgently: theoretical research of the structure of Kun opera structure、Analysis of traditional song cards、Analysis of traditional song cards、Revision of the rhyme book、clarification of Kunqu music。Because the structure of the Kunqu opera no longer meets the needs of modern performances，The structure of blind borrowing the drama or other dramas does not comply with the law of the development of Kun opera，So the structural theory of this drama is very urgent。As for the number of sets、song card、Rhyme Book，These are the essence of Kun opera art content，Whether it is retaining tradition or innovation，All theoretical and works should be analyzed and sorted out of the old theory and works first，Find the rules，Keep Kun opera style，The research results of directly moving to use Western music are a kind of destruction for Kunqu music。Chinese music literature is integrated with rhyme literature，That is "Wenle One"。He also proposed，The most fundamental problem of the research of Kun opera is analyzing the art style of Kun opera。Kunqu opera is the most clear、The most prominent feature is beauty，All development innovations are for beauty。

Wu Mei's "Northern and South Credites" test to score the music brand，Can be called the foundation of modern song learning，clearly propose "one generation of text，The study concept of the song studies in the music of each generation。Qian Nanyang of the same period as Wang Shoutai was studying in a centralized study of the Ming and Qing Dynasties，The concept of inheriting the study of Wu Meiqu science，Refined development through the song cards and other notes。Wang Shoutai's research on Kunqu opera pays more attention to the characteristics of traditional Chinese music，I am doing a lot of literature comparison、On the basis of sorting out，more detailed technical analysis and theoretical discussion of the law of Kunqu Qu，Therefore, it can directly guide bet365 best casino games the practice steps and theoretical conclusions，Has an important role in promoting the research of Kun opera。Especially his research and sorting of the number of Kunqu sets，Preparation of "The Music Liney Palace Table"，Make today's people "spectrum can be available"。His research from point to face，Pay attention to the individual characteristics of the law，also takes into account the overall law of Kunqu Qu，shows the new development of modern song learning，From the integration of materials to the tight exposition to the academic perspective of Kenzhong，These provided an indispensable and important revelation for modern song studies。

　(This article is the major project of the National Social Science Foundation "70th Anniversary of the founding of the New China (History of Chinese Opera (Jiangsu Volume)" (19ZD05) in the mid -term results)

(Author Unit: Academy of Literature of Suzhou University)