Marx's "Manuscript of Economics in 1844" Notebook II, although it is only a fragment of the original notes，But still conveys the important point of view of Marx's relationship with private property，The understanding of criticism of political economics and capitalist production relations，With important academic value。

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Content of the notebook II，In addition to Marx's comments on relevant national economists，As far as the discussion of private property，Generally, it can be divided into the following three aspects。

First，The normal relationship of private property: the control of capital and the survival of the workers。In notebook II，Marx's first explaining is the survival status of workers in the world of capital control。One，People are just the existence of workers，instead of human existence。"People are just workers"。Workers can only be controlled by capital，can exist as the needs of capital，but not exist as a person。Its two，No capital control，Workers will be abandoned by the entire society。When the workers are not controlled by capital，When the workers are abandoned by capital，"They are some ghosts outside the field of national economics"。Three，The content of the salary is only to maintain the needs of workers during the labor needs，and limited to the extent that the descendants of the workers are not dead。without salary，Workers will not become a possibility of people，Even without his survival of people。In short，Workers in the capitalist world，Always a non -human existence。

Second，Fixed link of private property: struggle of land owners and capitalists。bet365 best casino games The relationship between private property includes two aspects: the relationship between private property as labor and private property relationship as capital，and the relationship between these two performances。The former as labor，Is to yourself、For people and nature, it is also for consciousness and life performance，The activity of a completely alien person，It is an abstract existence of as a simple labor; the latter as capital，is the production of the object of people，All the natural and social specifications of the object disappear，Private property has lost its own natural and social characteristics，The same capital is always the same in the existence of all kinds of completely different nature and society。

As an important difference in capital and land in this sense，Differences between profit and land rent，A inherent link that becomes the opposition formation and generation of capital and labor。Land owners show off the noble source of their property，The capitalist who depends on the interests of the society and sells the society、Cunning and deceitful greedy villain; capitalists show off their modern sister -in -law identity，The owner of the land is the rough wildly made of serfs、Unsuristic stupid people。In the real development process，The victory of the capitalist to the land owner will inevitably produce，This kind of victory is "the source of capital discovery and promoting people's labor to replace death, becoming the source of wealth"。

third，The inevitable process of private property: the triple relationship between capital and labor。The inevitable process of private property movement is the three stages contained in capital and labor。The first stage，The same stage of capital and labor: the same is the same as the same as the indirect。Direct the same is the same one that has not bet365 live casino games been distinguished by capital and labor; indirectly means that although the two have a clear distinction，But capital and labor are a kind of mutual promotion、The relationship promoted with each other，The historical advanced power of advanced productivity。Starting from the second stage，Both of them start to appear true opposition，Specifically expresses the state of mutual exclusion and the state of conflict。The third stage，The two are manifested as an indirect、But deeper opposition。Analysis of this stage reflects the inheritance of Marx's inheritance of the essence of Higgel's dialectics，The third stage is a simple problem after the positive and negative questions in the first two stages -unified in the higher stage，Capital and labor in the third stage still appear in opposition，That is the self -confrontation of each of them。Capital and capital opposite，The capitalist has changed from the owner of capital to the capital controller，so as to be transformed into labor。Vice vice versa，Workers become capital、When the product is available，Workers will become capital。"Capital = accumulated labor = labor" 。Capital workers who are opposite to their own opposition，Labor's opposition from its own internal opposites。

Visible，bet365 best casino games The relationship between capital and labor has gone through three stages: the same -simple opposition，Corresponding to capitalist germination、Early、Mature period。In mature capitalist social relations，The relationship between capital and labor is: hidden from external opposition to internal opposition，This hidden manner is even reflected in the way of eliminating external opposition，The transformation from a worker to a capitalist is beautified into the realization of personal ideals。

　　The essence of the opposition between capital and labor

Continue to think about the problems raised by bet365 best casino games Marx，In capitalist production relations，Capital and labor that is deeply opposed to private property，What is the essence of opposition? Marx pointed out in "The Manuscript of Economics of 1844"，"Capital is the labor of savings"，"Is the control of labor and its products。"" Labor as an explanation of capital to explain the appear，It indicates that the initial unified relationship between capital and labor and their same possibilities。and the reason why the second and third stage will have the opposition between capital and labor，The reason is the characteristics of labor。Labor is the unity of abstract labor and specific labor，When it is referred to as someone’s labor, it is a side that emphasizes specific labor，When referring to the social role of labor, emphasizes the side of abstract labor。When capital appears as the opposite side of labor，Explain the labor of capital，is the side of abstract labor，The labor opposite to capital is the side of the specific labor。That is to say，The opposition between capital and labor in the second stage is actually the opposition between the abstract labor represented by the capital and the specific labor of the workers，is the opposition between abstract labor and specific labor。When you can buy any specific labor at any time，The accumulated labor has the general form of all specific labor，Abstract labor。Capital is in this way of abstract labor，Buy all specific labor，At the same time, there is essentially a laborer、The control of labor and labor products，Eventually, in the sharp confrontation of the specific labor, becomes the power of the control of some people to the other part of the person。"Capital，is the private right to other people's labor products。"" "Capitalists have this power, not because of his personal or human characteristics，but just because he is the owner of the capital。His power bet365 best casino games is the irresistible purchase power of his capital。”

In the dominance of this abstract labor，Workers are with their own labor products、Your own labor、The essence of your own category，and bet365 best casino games The relationship between yourself and others，All changes occurred。First，The more labor products produced by workers，The greater the control of the dominance from the capital owner。Second，The specific labor of the workers is compulsory regulations from capital from abstract labor representatives，Labor's labor is no longer a free and conscious activity of labor itself。third，Labor is no longer a activity that human essence needs，People are different from the essence of other animals，Instead, it is reduced to maintain human physical survival。People maintain survival to earn abstract labor。Fourth，Domination of specific labor for abstract labor，It is reflected in the dominance and rule of some people for another person，People evaluate others in the way of abstract labor。Words，The opposition between capital and labor is the opposition between abstract labor and specific labor，The result of its sharp opposition is alienation labor。

　　Discard of Capital and Labor Alas

So，The sharp confrontation of abstract labor and specific labor，The dominance and rule of some people generated by some people，Make the workers exist in the form of alienation in real labor。One of the important ways to abandon this way of existence，This is the opposition to eliminate，That is, the re -integration of the abstract labor that is excessively detached with the specific labor、Common existence。

From the perspective of the worker，When abstract labor returns to specific labor，When the workers participate in the value creation and value sharing of capital，It can be seen from Marx's four regulations on alien labor，The worker is in the process of his bet365 best casino games labor，Labor products produced with him、with his own specific labor、The essence of people and the relationship with others has changed。First，The more products produced by workers，Labor as a value sharing also shared the results brought by more products，Labor products are not always opposed to workers，Instead, there is a certain positive correlation with the workers。Second，Because the labor of the workers finally brought a certain value to the workers，Make this worker have a certain sense of identity in large extent to a large extent，and to a certain extent, voluntary rather than all mandatory labor activities。third，In this part of voluntary labor，Labor as the essence of human nature also returns to the worker itself，Labor is not just a simple way of survival，At the same time, give people a certain amount of satisfaction that needs to be created at the same time。Fourth，In the labor that participates in the essential attributes of human beings，bet365 best casino games The relationship between people's treating others has also participated in the essential interaction between people，Not only dominance and domination、The relationship between control and control，Equality and freedom respect，Get a certain degree of integration。

In short，Capital owners and workers are the specificization of capital and labor relationship，Mos up the contradiction between abstract labor and specific labor with abstract labor to the way of returning to specific labor，It is the basic dissolution of the formation of alienation labor，This is an attempt to abandon alienation labor。But as Marx's explanation of the distribution of labor，This attempt is still a historical way in a specific period，The abandonment of private property must be completed by establishing a communist form that establishes society，Only after the total occupation of their labor and its bet365 live casino games production relationship，can realize the liberation of real people。

　(This article is the Research on the Cultivation of the Cultivation of Socialist Core Values ​​"(19FKSB028) in the later period of the National Social Science Fund

(Author Unit: School of Philosophy and Law and Government of Shanghai Normal University)