General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out in an important speech at the symposium of philosophy and social sciences，Adhere to Marxism as a guidance，It is the fundamental sign of contemporary Chinese philosophy and social sciences from other philosophy and social sciences，It must be insisted with clear flags。Marxism is with the times、Practice、Scientific development and development open theoretical system，It does not end the truth，Instead, it has opened a road to truth。"Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the major achievements and historical experience of the party's century -old struggle" pointed out，Chinese Communists with the main representative of Comrade Xi Jinping，Persist in combining the basic principles of Marxism with the specific actual situation of China、Combined with Chinese excellent traditional culture，Founded Xi Jinping's thoughts on socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era。"Two combinations" view，It is the Communist Party of China that unified adherence to Marxism and develop Marxism，Combined with new practice, constantly making new theoretical creation scientific summary。This scientific summary，Also studying and studying classic works for us，Efforts to master Marxist philosophy at home，Provided methodologies。From the perspective of "two combinations"，We can go into the era of the classic works of Marx and Engels more，Discovery the truth power and the value of the era of Marxist classic works。

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As Lenin pointed out，Marxism is by no means a self -proclaimed by leaving the avenue of the development of civilization in the world、Rigid theory。Just the opposite，All geniuses of Marx are exactly because he answered various questions that human advanced thoughts have raised。Marx Theory is an excellent achievement created by humans in the 19th century -German classical philosophy、British classical political economics and French socialism of course。

Development of Classical Philosophy of Germany，It is the observation of the rising modern society and world history、The product of reflection。As far as the youth Marx is concerned，At first, it was found in the debate Bet365 app download of historical law and rational law.。Although Marx did not realize the essence of idealism of this dialectics at this time，But under the call of its critical spirit，Further move towards self -conscious philosophy and humanistic position。Further，When Marx realizes the limitations of the young Hegel faction，I still insist on identifying the positive links of Hegel dialectics from the regulations of alienation，An important dimension that constitutes a new worldview。Young Engels originally accepted Strauss in the sense of opposition to religious theology、Powell and Ferbaha's youth Hegelism，Discovered the huge historical sense in Hegel's philosophy，and further found this theoretical response of religious critical in the British experience theory and French materialism。That is to say，Marx and Engels have never simply accepted a certain position in the young Hegel movement，Instead, in the process of seeking people's liberation and social revolution，Careful analysis、Criticizing the absorption of German classical philosophy as the cultural tradition of the times。

The emergence and development of classical political economics，reproduced the theoretical appeal of modern society in a more direct way，Division and transformation since the 1920s，reflects the historical limitations of the bourgeoisie。In the initial research，Marx Engels first revealed the fact that political economy is based on private property but does not explain this foundation。Based on this，Based on the era of industrial development，They distinguish between the internal progress and reaction of political economy。With the advancement of research，When Marx Engels got "the total result of guiding your own research work"，Not only uses the results of political economics research to clarify the essence of modern bourgeois production methods，and the "abuse" of political economics represented by Pulu Dong, a serious refutation，Facing Li Jiatu's vulgar tendency in the theory of economics，I even criticized the tit -for -tat titter。It can be said，Marx Engels' research and criticism bet365 Play online games of political economics，Itself is the theoretical exploration and expansion of theoretical exploration and expansion in the process of observing the times。At the same time，Conflict and error tendencies in the study of political economics，They consciously insist on and defend the theoretical tradition of science。

As one of the "anti -trend" of modern society in the 19th century，Various socialism、Communist thought tide has received extensive attention since the 1930s。Marx Engels in the early theoretical exploration，I did not simply accept a certain socialist or communism，But based on the trend of the times，Based on the historical view of materialism and demonstrated scientific communism。As a representative of the theory of "philosophy communism"，Socialism of Marx Engels in France and Britain、The world's significance of the industry and the historical power of the masses were found in communism。This is exactly what the young Hegel faction ignored。Facing the socialist trend of socialism at the time，Marx Engels pays attention to its exploration of social organizations in production and labor，Criticizing its empty imagination essence。Facing the communist movement at the time，Marx Engels Follow the world historical status of the proletariat，Criticizing the abstraction and superstition of its theory。In this sense，Proposal of scientific communism，The new world view founded by Marx and Engels is combined with the social historical reality that Europe was developing at that time，Combined with the practice of the Workers' Movement，Products combined with various advanced cultural traditions。

Grasp the times: change traditional culture 

Classic works record the formation of Marxist theory、The journey of development and dissemination。Marxism is not a ready -made theoretical demonstration，but advanced intellectuals，Based on the specific actual actual actual actual situation，Observe the theoretical consciousness formed by the era。Marx Engels has never accepted some existing theoretical viewpoints and ideological traditions，But based on the specific actual actual actual time，is absorbing、Based on the ideological results of the transformation，Realized the change and innovation of traditional cultural concepts。

In the process of Marx Engels from idealism to materialism，There are two main types of materialist thoughts or concepts popular in the cultural tradition at the time: one is a daily usage that is generally accepted by the German ideological community，That is what Marx said "lower materialism"，In the words of Engels，Just bet365 best casino games pay attention to "interest"，ignore the "principle"; second is materialism formed in the 18th century French enlightenment movement，Although this materialism has strong mechanical characteristics，But its appearance is to oppose the results of the "existing political system", "existing religion and theology", "the metaphysics of school in the 17th century"。In a strict sense,，Although the publishing of "The In essence of Christianity" is published "Breaking the Local Local Materialism to the Throne"，But Ferbaha had refused to use "materialism" to express his point of view before 1848。and Marx Engels, who is deeply influenced by Ferbaha philosophy, is opposing religious theology、In the sense of opposing speculation and school，Shin from atheism and humanism to materialism。Further，When Marx Engels is liquidated youth Hegelpai，In the process of explaining the new worldview，Also clarified and criticized the theoretical limitations of materialism at that time，Formulated new materialism，That is the materialism of dialectical history。This，Materialism that Marx Engels turned，It was not a kind of established philosophy in the thoughts at that time，Instead, it retains the positive factors in the cultural tradition，The new scientific theory that gives the new era also gives it a new era。Further，Rather that this is a steering of theory，It is rather to be a kind of thought and traditional change。It is also in this sense，Materialism only obtained its modern scientific form。

Talking about Marxist's position viewing method，Can't turn around the Material Dialectics，and the relationship between Marx and Hegel。Review History，It can be seen that the Hegel Dialectics of the Youth Marx's initial acceptance of "seeking rationality in reality"，It's just an abstract expression of a revolutionary critical spirit。Facing the alienation reality of bourgeois society，Marx uses Fernba's "Treatment"，Criticizing the mysterious and compromise of the dialectics of Hegel。Further，Marx discovered the internal connection between Hegel dialectics and classical political economics，Based on the real content that penetrates the real content in recognizing the philosophy of Hegel，Criticizing the abstract power of the abstract power to human beings from the material production method。After Bet365 lotto review the 1950s，In the face of "the speculation of concepts has given the speculation to the speculation of the stock", the era changes，When Marx's theoretical results of the criticism of political economics criticism scientifically，Further discovered a reasonable thing in the Dialectics of Hegel。In the process of organizing and publishing the first volume of "Capital"，Marx also "publicly acknowledges the student of this big thinker"。This is not only because Hegel "first consciously describes the general movement form of dialectics"，It was because of Western Europe at that time，Especially in Germany's bourgeois intellectual community, either indulged in vulgar defense of worshiping teaching，Either an inherent contradictions that try to reconcile the capitalist production mode。In other words，Marx is developing the theory of surplus value、In the sense of revealing the law of capitalist movement，Completion of the change from the mysterious form to the change of a reasonable form。This is also based on a specific actual actual actual actual actual.，Grasp the Time Questions，Analysis of human ideological achievements, historical and cultural traditions、Set up、The process of change。

　Leading Times: Shape the Cultural Tradition 

In "Outline of Ferbaha"，Marx wrote loudly: "philosophers just explain the world in different ways，The problem lies in changing the world。"" The purpose of changing the world，Marx Engels combined with the specific actual situation of various countries，Combined with the cultural traditions of various countries，In the unity of theory and practice，Dedicated to promote the change of history。This is an innovation and dissemination of scientific theory，Leading the development of the times，Revolution Dingxin，Shape the great exploration of new excellent cultural traditions。

After the revolution in 1848，Western European capitalism enters a period of relatively stable development。Empiricalism and individualism have become commonly popular cultural trends。At the same time，With the development of natural science，A vulgar materialism with the banner of science。New Kantian Lange even describes this historical trend with "materialism in the sixties"。For this，Marx Engels also gave a targeted response。Represents Ferbaha theory，Engels re -discussed Ferbaha，Looking back on the ideological experience of Marx and his early years of participating in the young Hegel movement，Bet365 lotto review It is to explain the relationship between Marxism and Hegel dialectics，Clarify the status of Ferbaha in the traditional materialism tradition。Criticizing Ferbaha，It is intended to "shoot a sack to play donkey"，Display the theoretical incompleteness of vulgar materialism since the 1850s。At the same time，Considering the socialist movement of Germany at that time，The followers of Lhasar are still large extent to the young Hegel's idealism as Guizhu。"German Workers' Movement is the heirs of German classical philosophy".，In the retrospective of history, shape the excellent cultural tradition that really belongs to the times。

In the lower 19th century，The socialist movement of various countries in Western Europe has entered a new stage。One aspect，With the development of industrial capitalism，The power of the working class is significantly enhanced。On the other hand，The real workers' movement is more or less affected by the bourgeois ideology，A variety of petty bourgeoisie socialism appears，Ru Lasalism、Pulu Eastism、Bayuningism, etc.。Marx Engels, in addition to criticizing these errors，Also through the history of the struggle、Shape cultural tradition and other methods，Help the workers' class recognition of their status and mission，Make the right choice。In "Anti -Dulin Theory"，Marx Engels gives a system explanation for socialism's history and theory。Processing and finishing，The first "Socialism and Scientific Socialism" published by French，In fact, it has helped the French workers to correctly understand the tradition of their own thoughts，Consciously study the role of scientific theory。Similarly，Engels in the "History of Communist Union" and "Socialism in Germany" and other works，Not only clarify the development history of German workers' movements and socialist thoughts，Different the theoretical forms of different theoretical forms for German workers，Choosing the correct road has important revelation meaning。It is worth noting that，The above two aspects of effort，It is also reflected in the propaganda and interpretation work made by Engels for British readers。Engels keenly pointed out: Although British workers are "not enough" for various reasons，But "It is the best quality of the workers' class preserving the British national character"。or，Bet365 app download The advancement of the British worker class，Not only the specific combination of scientific socialism with the actual situation of the United Kingdom，It is a true combination with the excellent cultural tradition of the UK。

We firmly believe，Xi Jinping's creation of socialist thought with Chinese characteristics in the new era，Operation of the new realm of Marxism in China in the 21st century，Not only the basic principle of Marxism is combined with the actual actual situation of China、Innovative results combined with the excellent traditional culture of China，and is also leading the times，Save、Breeding and showing the outstanding cultural achievements of the Chinese nation。Let's return to the classic era，Discover the value of the classic era，Classic to the Times，Show the classic truth!

　　(Author Unit: Department of Philosophy of Nanjing University)