Social self -criticism is an important theory and practical topic。Social self -criticism needs to sink into the classic text，To reach the historical materialism interpretation of the original Qingyuan。Human beings urgently need to face the abnormal and violent social and historical changes，and in -depth answers to the mystery of society and history in depth of social reality。and systematically grasp social self -criticism，We need to make the necessary concept clarification and mechanism analysis on the basis of revealing the context of the appearance。

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We must not only draw the ideological resources of social self -criticism from the classic text to observe major social practice issues，And based on the issues of major social practice, reflect on the theoretical expression of social self -criticism in the classic text。As far as major social practice issues are concerned，Whether it is understanding the new change of capitalist society，I still answer the mystery of social history where human society goes，Can't avoid our research theme, that is, social self -criticism。The so -called social self -adjustment、Self -development of social、Social self -improvement and social self -surpass，All belong to the category of social self -criticism，It is essentially the process of social self -movement。

How do Marx Engels understand the self -movement of the modern society in which they are? Through class、Concept definition of the ruling class，Historical grasp of bourgeois society，They reveal the historical origin of modern society in classic texts such as the Communist Declaration、Basic features and internal contradictions，On the other hand, the actual conditions that transcend the modern society、Basic principles and possible paths。Specifically，The bourgeois society is generated and developed in the double revolution of the social revolution and the political revolution; the bourgeoisie and hiring workers in the bourgeois society are commodized、Monetization、The general provisions of the general trend of capitalization (capital logic); the conflict between the inherent structure of the bourgeois society (bourgeoisie and employment workers) is the development logic of the bourgeois society self -denial; the class struggle led by the Communist Party，Bet365 lotto review Employment workers to rise to the proletariat，Revolution (revolutionary logic) promoted by awakened proletariat，Capitalist society towards communist society。So，Marx Engels clearly stated: "The demise of the bourgeoisie and the victory of the proletariat are equally inevitable。"" This is usually summarized by the academic community as the "two inevitable" phenomenon in the process of bourgeois social self -denial (that is, transition from capitalist society to communism)。

The historical context of the Communist Declaration is the conflict between the confrontation of the bourgeois society and the more revealed、The working class has begun to board the 19th century on the political stage。The question lies in，The internal contradictions of the classic text to the bourgeois society、The profound reveal of the historical limit is revealed in what sense it belongs to its specific era，Also exceed that specific era? Since birth，Structural transformation in the bourgeois society，From free competition capitalism to organizational capitalism，From welfare national capitalism to neo -liberal capitalism，The basic contradiction between the productivity and communication methods (especially the production relationship) contained in the capitalist production method has not been solved fundamentally。Not only internal nation -state，The entire world seems to be fully littered by capital under the blessing of technology and rationality，More and more dragged into the global capitalist system。So，The new changes in the bourgeois society must be grasped in the optimistic judgment of the "two inevitable" of the Communist Party.，It is also necessary to understand in the prudence of "Two Never" in "Political Economics Criticism"。Alternative solution for the road of capitalist，Socialism has received the attention of the world。Especially after the changes of the Eastern European drama and the disintegration of the Soviet Union，The practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics is to bear the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation、The historical mission of the new form of human civilization，This also needs to be included in the problem of social self -criticism to investigate。

　Concept clarification 

About "Self -criticism"，People are accustomed to using reforms and revolutionary disputes，and the discourse of the two to reveal it。But，If you explore social self -development based on social subjectivity、Social self -improvement bet365 Play online games and social self -transcendence，The concepts and words that were commonly used before seemed weak，The concept of "social self -criticism" and their words have their advantages。About social self -criticism，We need to draw nutrition from Marx's critical thought。Marx has a critical gesture in his life，and develop your own critical thought，In the past, the academic circles mostly explained from the perspective of social criticism。If you want to fully reflect the subjectivity of a specific society，So from the perspective of social self -criticism rather than social criticism, it is more helpful to explain Marx's critical thought、Examine historical materialism。On the one hand，In the concept definition，"Society" in social self -criticism is both a critical object，is the subject of criticism again; compared to，"Society" in social criticism is the object of critical，The subject of criticism is blurred。On the other hand，In terms of text basis，Marx's "Introduction to Political Economics Criticism" (hereinafter referred to as the "Introduction") proposed "self -criticism of bourgeois society" proposed in the proposition of social self -criticism，Marxism is an important paradigm for self -criticism of modern society。

The so -called "social self -criticism"，It is by no means a concept of unreasonable structure on the basis of "social criticism"。It is not only the concept contained in the proposition of "Self -criticism of the bourgeois society" in the "Introduction"，And the thoughts of the classic Marxist writer on the discussion of society's organism。"Self -criticism of the bourgeois society" as a ready -made thing was used by Marx，He did not analyze this concept work system。So，We need to unbutton this idea from the long -term blocking state，Then explore social self -criticism and its mechanism from historical materialism。So，How to understand social self -criticism? Social self -criticism has both realistic forms，There are also conceptual forms。The so -called social self -criticism in the so -called realistic form，refers to the self -movement promoted by the contradictions of the real society due to the contradictions of its internal elements and the contradiction between internal and external (that is, "the criticism of the weapon");，refers to the self -understanding of a specific society、Self -recognition，Always try to reflect the contradiction movement of real society in the field of consciousness or the conceptual level (that is, "critical weapon"bet365 best casino games )。Since entering modern society，With regional history gradually transition to world history，Self -criticism of society becomes a more common social phenomenon。

When we discuss social self -criticism，Unavoidable problem is，Why is social self -criticism possible? To answer this question，You must first answer the following questions: In what sense the society can become the subject of critical? Marx's "subject，That is the society ", which undoubtedly affirmed the possibility of social subjects。On the one hand，The so -called thought as a whole is nothing more than the product of people's minds，and the real subject is that society still maintains its independence outside people's minds。"So，Just in the theoretical method，subject，Society，It must also always appear as the premise to appear in front of the appearance。"On the other hand，Following Study History Science、There is nothing to do with social sciences，When we study the economic category, we should grasp the main purpose at all times: "Whether in reality or in the mind，Main body -This is a modern bourgeois society -all are established "。Simply put，Marx's clearly opposed to grasping the products of thinking activities in the mind as the main body like Hegel's speculative philosophy，He not only acknowledges that the modern bourgeois society is the truth outside the mind，and advocate grasping the social bourgeois society as the main body。In the historical materialist vision，Society is a single person united，But this combination is not a simple collection or mechanical addition of a single person; as an organic whole，Society is the sum of the relationship between real individuals and relationships。Marx has been opposed to entity、Abstract、Understand personal、Social and State，Talk about personal、Society and the country all try to avoid falling into the philosophy of speculation，It advocates the social individual and the society it constitutes、The country is understanding as perceptual interactive activities。In classic text，Marx not only grasps society as a social relationship，and focus on social relations in its basic part, that is, social production relations。

　　Mechanism Analysis 

As the name suggests，The main body of social self -criticism is society itself。but but，Society is not a collective personality in the abstract sense。To be precise，Social self -criticism is the most directly reflected as specific、Reality、History of personal criticism Bet365 app download of specific society，But this criticism is because of the problem of social development、The main contradictions of society，continuously expanded，caused a wide and powerful group effect。From individual to people's organic connections constitute the so -called social group (usually referred to as community，Society is a specific community)，This is not only a process of accumulation，It is a qualitative transition process。It is specific、Reality、The individual of history is also reflecting the common voice of a community when expressing his own interests or ideological positions，Therefore, specific、Reality、History of personal perception of the personal interests or ideological position that you express is also universal。Based on this，Several specifics scattered in various places、Reality、Social criticism of individuals in history may achieve a wide and powerful group effect，That is the overall self -criticism of society (referred to as social self -criticism)。In short,，As "the cause of the masses"，Self -criticism of Social Self -criticism "With the in -depth historical activity，It will be the expansion of the mass team "。

It is based on a wide range of reality personal criticism of society，Social self -criticism can really unfold。From the actual level，Marx's thorough criticism of the 19th century bourgeois society can become the ideological weapon that the world's proletariat combined to fight for its own liberation and human liberation，It is reflecting the specific in social relations、Reality、History of individuals' criticism of society is generally generally transformed into social self -criticism。Not only that，Social self -criticism in this conceptual form guides the people to implement the theory of ideological theory as a real action of the reform world，Social self -criticism in real form。where Marx is there，The actual subject of social self -criticism is the proletarian of the social group at the conscious level,。As a free proletariat，The deep proletariat of suffering can only be consciously united to become a self -proletariat，Their own liberation and human liberation can have the possibility of the subject.。But，The in -depth development of social self -criticism has its objective historical conditions，The irreconcilable of the internal structure of the bourgeois society、Contradictions with deep roots。Only these deep -seated contradictions at the social level、The sharp conflict is fully presented and widely revealed Bet365 app download by the conscious proletarian，Social self -criticism can have social and historical conditions (can be called object conditions) and the actual subject be undertaking (can be called the main condition)，It is the interaction of the main and object conditions (which can be called specific conditions) that enables social self -criticism to be truly realized。So，Marx explicitly pointed out，"As a historical period that appeared during the collapse"，History "rarely and only self -criticism can only be performed under specific conditions"。

Analysis of the mechanism of social self -criticism，It is not enough to discuss its specific conditions，The following aspects are also worth noting: on the one hand，Reference system for social self -criticism，Social reality and social ideals，The mutual reference between them has the possibility of self -criticism。The so -called social reality，Pind to the understanding of the general alienation state (that is, social reality) in the bourgeois society; the so -called social ideal，Points to surpass the bourgeois society that is universal alienated。The purpose of Marx's critical thinking is that everyone's free and comprehensive development of a free person combination，That is the communist society。"Communism is an important conclusion of the two perspectives of transcendence and understanding in European traditions.。"On the other hand，Two directions of social self -criticism，is the retrospective of the past and the foresight of the future，They and the current tracking are trinity。Specifically，It is the trace of the bourgeois society you have placed、Tscer the former bourgeois society, including primitive society, and look forward to the future communist society，Marx deeply grasped the past、The historical dialectics of the complex relationship between the present and the future，The general law of self -criticism from social self -criticism is scientifically revealed。

Social self -criticism faces social problems，"The relationship between individuals and society is the root of all social problems"。As far as modern society is concerned，It includes a civic society (that is, society in a general sense，or Economic and Social) and Political State (that is, a country in a general sense，or political society)。So，The relationship between individuals and society is refined or even complicated into individuals、The relationship between society and the country。Based on personal、The relationship between society and the country，Self -criticism of social self -criticism has the following three ways: one，Social self -criticism bet365 live casino games from the atomic personal departure，It can be called an individualism; the second，Social self -criticism from the national state，It can be called a nationalist way;，Social self -criticism from the specific individual departure from social relations，It can be called socialist entrance。Socialist roads clearly oppose narrow national national standard theory and one -sided atomic personal hypothesis，Emphasize that "the free development of everyone is the condition of all people's free development"，Proposal of personal social standard theory based on the relationship of relationship，This constitutes a transcendence of the first two ways。

　　(This article is the State Social Science Fund project "Marx and Engels Self -Criticism Research" (22XKS018) phased results) 

(Author is an associate professor at Marxist College of Guizhou Normal University)