In the era when technology is changing with each other，Where is the focus of learning，What is the core goal of education，How to understand the relationship between higher education and social development? Especially the arrival of artificial intelligence tools such as ChatGPT，While bringing opportunities to people，It also brought a lot of confusion and worry。In the era of artificial intelligence，How to educate students for the future? These issues are not only issues that social science researchers are concerned，It is a problem that educators must study and solve。With these questions，The reporter recently interviewed Michael S. Roth。Rose mentioned，No matter how the times change，Independent thinking、Practical Spirit、Giving back to society is always a goal that students are constantly pursuing，It is also the concept of training talents in higher education。

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　　"China Social Sciences": If three are the most important things related to education，What do you think?

Michael Rose:For everyone，Whether in high school or college stage，You should first discover what you like to do，Follow it to do it，Finally, learn to share with others。It is very important to find what you like to do，This is not found your enthusiasm，Not close my eyes and think about "What do I like"，But we must try something，However, it is committed to something and repeatedly practiced。After that，We must work hard for what we like，Let yourself be better at doing this。This is a great process，It is also very hard，It is also very hard，But full of happiness。Then we still have to think，How can I continue to do what I like and be good at it if I do n’t live in the environment of campus。At this time we need to ask the teacher for advice，Learn to share with others。Once we find what we really like to do，Just do it，This can contribute to society。Last，We also have to learn to recognize ourselves。

　　"China Social Sciences": topics about lifelong learning have been increasingly attracted to people。What are the core content of lifelong learning?

Michael Rose:The core content of lifelong learning is to learn how to learn。How do we learn how to calculate、Learn a new language、Learning data analysis, etc.，But we have to learn how to maintain an open mind and improve our ability to continue learning。Because when you are willing to learn，You can find it，"Hey，I may be wrong ... I go wrong，or I did something wrong "，Then we can correct it。This openness has benefited us throughout our lives。

I found that becoming bet365 best casino games a teacher is very meaningful，The return is very rich，Because I always find out what I think I understand，In fact, I know very little。My student made me understand a reason，I must go further，You must learn more。So，We will always be a student、Always happy to learn，This is a great gift。My literary teacher is now 93 years old，But he told me，He likes to be a teacher very much，Still maintaining the habit of reading every day，And very happy to always get new things from it。

　The biggest challenge for education is unfair 

　　"China Social Sciences": What is the biggest challenge facing current education?

Michael Rose:In many places in the world，There are educational unfair phenomena，This is the most important challenge。Take the United States as an example，The rich can accept high -quality education，Living in a good community，You can also get high -quality education。But there are still many Americans who have no chance to receive high -quality education，When they finish their high school，It can not even reach the level of reading of adults。This is not because they don’t want to learn，but because they have no condition to learn，The existing system in the United States makes the rich have a great advantage in education。There are similar inequality phenomena in many other parts of the world，People are often because of gender、Religious、Economic status and other reasons cannot accept education。

The second challenge is that many people think that education is just preparing for career。Of course，Most people need a job，and hope to have a decent job，This is very important。But more importantly,，We should not limit education in finding a job，Instead, you should continue to learn。

The third challenge is how colleges and universities continue to cultivate students with experimental and openness，so that they can think independently。We need the company of others during the growth process，But at the same time must have the ability to think independently。I just published a new book "Student: A Short History)，The focus emphasizes how to teach students to think independently in middle schools with others。

　　"China Social Sciences":，What can we do?

Michael Rose:I think this is a political issue。In the United States，The government should provide funding for schools in poor communities。Veos University has a project for high school students for poor communities，This project not only provides online university courses for free，Also provides courses combining online and offline high school students for poor communities。Students will change greatly after studying these courses，Become more confident。Only provide students with more learning opportunities，Only to improve the problems in the field of education、Create a fair education environment。

　Better guidance and help students 

"China Social Sciences": East Asian research has always been a strong point of Veos University。At the same time，Wusi University has attracted many students from East Asia，Please talk about this situation。

Michael Rose:Wusi University has a long history in East Asian research，recruited a lot of from East Asia，Especially international students from China。There are only two or three Chinese students from Vei University 20 years ago，About 30 international students from each year from China。This benefits to the Freman project to a large extent。

Vera Schwarcz，Now she has retired。Shu Hengzhe has studied at Peking University for many years，Poetry collection in China。She has established a tradition of studying Chinese history at Vius University，Now this tradition is still continuing。About 8 years ago，Our school created the East Asian Research Institute，Today, there are already students studying Chinese poems at the college、Music、Religious、Economy、Politics and other courses。In addition to local students in the United States and students in East Asia，There are students from other parts of the world studying in East Asia in the East Asian Studies、Language and art, etc.。

　　"China Social Sciences": When students encounter certain difficulties academically，What are the measures for the school to help him complete his studies?

Michael Rose:This problem is very interesting。For a long time，I think it is，Once the student comes to school for study，There will be no more difficulties。It's not the case，I later discovered，Many students come to school，I don’t know how to adapt to the school environment，They are not ready enough。So we have to help these students，Especially students from poor communities。Now Wusi University will provide guidelines before school，Help students familiarize with the environment in the university，and provide them with a lot of course support，so that they can adapt to college life in advance。other，The school will also provide additional scholarship support for students in poor communities，Help them better complete their studies at the university stage。

　"China Social Sciences": What is the effectiveness of these measures?

Michael Rose:These measures have achieved certain results，But we are still constantly improving。In teaching methods，For the past for various reasons，As a result, some students have changed the original elective direction，But we don’t know the reasons，It was only found that the results were not ideal in the later period。Now，Our teacher began to help students with difficulty overcome difficulties during the early stage of the course，Let them take the initiative to learn，Faster enters the correct learning track，This measure has achieved good results。Display according to statistics，The number of students in the conversion of elective majors has been significantly reduced。What we have to do is different from person to person，Provide students with diversified academic support as much as possible，It makes students not give up their favorite and have potential professionalism because of objective difficulties。

In terms of facing a small number of student groups，We are also working hard，A special project was set up in the school，That is the five -year master's degree。The original intention of the project is to allow students with a small number of group backgrounds to learn for a master's degree for free，So as to have the opportunity to enter the doctoral stage。This project is not popular at the beginning，This is because although the school reduces the tuition fees of students，But living expenses are also a large amount of expense for them，As a result, some students need to obtain living expenses through part -time jobs，Can't concentrate on learning。Late period，The school actively finds the donor，Provide additional allowance to the students of the project，Help students solve the problem of living expenses，so that they can concentrate on learning and research。The project is currently very popular，The funded students can not only learn more knowledge in our school，You can also participate in the scientific research projects of other universities，Guidance from the world -renowned professor。

　　Education is related to the comprehensive development of people 

"China Social Sciences": What role do you think universities can play in education?

Michael Rose:Today in the United States，There is a huge gap between elite universities and ordinary universities。Those students from elite universities think they must be better than the public。Results，Ordinary Volkswagen slowly becomes unwilling to listen to their opinions，They have become chickens and ducks.。So I think for a university president like me、For a university professor，Communicate with people outside the university、Communication is very important。As I mentioned in the book "Beyond University"，The most important value of college education is reflected outside the university、Outside the campus。On the one hand，The education system in the United States needs smart、Excellent professionals; on the other hand，We must also share our knowledge in a wider range。For this，I participated in online teaching，It has 10 years so far。Now hundreds of people participate in my online course every week，So far，Students who have participated in my online course have passed 10,000。Actually，It is not difficult to open online courses，Many schools can do this，This is an effective way to share knowledge with others。Now，I will communicate with many students through emails、Improve communication。

At the same time，We also want to educate students to give back to society，bet365 best casino games Create contact with society、Cooperation ability。Now I will spend a lot of time with the principals of other universities in the United States to discuss how to teach students to become better citizens。One way is to let students learn to better manage themselves，Cultivate their ability to actively participate in the public domain。

　　"China Social Sciences": What is the relationship between education and social development?

Michael Rose:Education function is not only vocational training，Also related to the comprehensive development of people。In the United States，People are more inclined to individualism，Therefore, many people feel that learning is their own business。In fact, this is not the case，Everyone is a community、part of the country。School should help students recognize，Personal success and community、Society is closely linked。

More widely，Students must learn to cooperate in school，Whether in the science laboratory or other fields。It's like making a movie，Only the director is not enough，Also need a photographer、Audio、Editor、Actor, etc.。Students from our school's film majors are a good example，They often cooperate with many excellent movies and TV shows。In practice，Students should be clear，Need to establish a cooperative relationship between each other，This is an equality、Mutual relationship，If you start to develop cooperation habits at the university stage，It is very helpful for their future growth，This is also the mission of education。

　"China Social Sciences": What role can the university play in the solution of global problems?

Michael Rose:This is a big topic。Universities need to educate students with basic values，Integrity、Heart of 恻 隐、Sympathy、Pursue peace，These are important to understand international relations。So，How do we pursue justice，How to pursue justice、Pursuing peace? I think this is where the university can play a role。Most of the time，The university should be a place that can make public dialogue on local political issues，Through dialogue, everyone can realize the similarities and differences between each other，and understand each other。

　Artificial intelligence should not replace independent thinking 

"China Social Sciences": Just now you mentioned the new book "Student: A Brief History"，What is the core idea of ​​this book?

Michael Rose: "Student: A Brief History" is easy to understand，Its readers can be a student in any school and those who want to become a student again，Among them, high school students、College students and parents of students。In the book, I talked about three types of iconic teachers and apprentices: Confucius and his disciples、Socrates and his three dialogues，and Jesus and his three disciples。I am interested in how students try to be followers、Critical dialogue partners and supporters who want to imitate，These are different learning modes。

Subsequent，The book focuses Bet365 lotto review on Western history，Explained the connotation of students before modern，and how they learn to achieve independence in economy、How to integrate into the community。These are all important，Perhaps it may not be necessary to go to a school for study，Of course，At that time, schools that meet the needs of this area are already。Since the 18th century，Especially in the second half of the 18th century，Students' concept began to associate with freedom，This is also the core idea of ​​the book: as a student of modern society，Should learn to practice freedom。I start with the philosopher Kant，Kant said that the Enlightenment is abandoning the immature self。Maybe of us may still show like a child，Escarches to do something，Because I often do not assume responsibility，It is easier to do not think independently。Enlightenment is to learn independently，And know the idea of ​​others。The book not only traces history，It also discussed many outstanding students in history，Wilhelm von Humboldt、Dubitis (W. E. B. Dubois)，The latter overcomes the obstacles caused by huge racism，Finally became one of the greatest students of that era。

But what did they really learn? This is back to the question about lifelong learning，I think they really learn how to practice freedom，How to practice open，How to have an experimental spirit，How to learn from others while thinking independently。As a student，This seems to be a paradox，Following the teacher but being asked to think independently。Nietzsche said，Your teacher should be your liberator。American artist John Baldessari also said，As an art teacher，I should know how to exit。So，As a student，You need to know how to go on the road，And with others，This is the meaning of freedom I think。Learning freely，Is the core idea of ​​the book。

　　"China Social Sciences": As far as the relationship between education and artificial intelligence is concerned，What are the main challenges of the latter?

Michael Rose:When I first heard about ChatGPT、Openai，I am shocked。Because I believe that humans need to think independently，and this machine is thinking for you。 I ask Openai，"Why does Michael Ross like" Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind "?"。It gave me a good answer: Michael Ross likes this movie，Because of his memory、Forgot to interested in desire and romanticism，He has written articles in this area。I read the short essay that it answered，and show it to my wife to see，She said it sounds like you。Then go to the office to prepare for class，I suddenly thought of，I have never written an article about this movie。I found a lot of books I wrote from the bookshelf，I have never written articles about this movie! If I write，It may be the same as what this machine expressed; but I have never written。So I want to，Okay，It is very smart，But it has no judgment。It is just a useful tool，We can't "outsourcing" our own thinking。

My view of interaction between AI and students is，Students have to learn independently。Although AI said，You can relax，I can make a decision for you，You can relax，Go to drink beer，This sounds very tempting。But I think，Let the machine think for us a nightmare。It can only be used as a tool，Thinking of services for us more effectively，This is the meaning of its existence。This is very challenging，For example，When the test papers at the end of the semester，I seek help from AI，It is a computer for me，No problem doing this。But if there are media or institutions, I draft me，I use AI to complete, there is a big problem，This is an academic dishonesty。So，We want to use tools，instead of letting the tool dominate us。As a student，Be sure to distinguish this。Although we cannot stop people from using technology that makes things easier，But I believe，Humans created these technologies，It should give it the purpose of serving humans，instead of the purpose of humans follow the machine。